A detailed Qualitative Approach to the Cold Fusion Nuclear Reactions of H/Ni

By prof. Christos Stremmenos

After several years of apparent inaction, the theme of cold fusion has been recently revitalized thanks to, among others, the work and the scientific publications of Focardi and Rossi, which has been conducted in silence, amidst ironical disinterest, without any funding or support.  In fact, recently, practical and reliable results have been achieved based on a very promising apparatus invented by Andrea Rossi.  Therefore I want to examine the possibility of further development of this technology, which I deem really important for our planet.

Introduction
I will start with patent no./2009/125444, registered by Dr. Ing. Andrea Rossi. This invention and its performance have been tested and verified in collaboration with Prof. Sergio Focardi, as reported in their paper, published in February 2010 in the Journal of Nuclear Physics [1]. In that scientific paper they have reported on the performance of an apparatus, which has produced for two years substantial amounts of energy in a reliable and repeatable mode and they have also offered a theoretical analysis for the interpretation of the underlying physical mechanism.

In the history of Science, it is not the first time that a practical and reliable apparatus is working before its theoretical foundation has been completely understood! The photoelectric effect is the classic example in which the application has anticipated its full theoretical interpretation, developed by Einstein. Afterwards Einstein, Plank, Heisenberg, De Broglie, Schrödinger and others formulated the principles of Quantum Mechanics.  For the interactive Nickel/Hydrogen system it would be now opportune to compile, in a way easily understood by the non expert the relevant principles and concepts for the qualitative understanding of the phenomenon. Starting with the behavior of electrically charged particles in vacuum, it is known that particles with opposite electric charge attract themselves and “fuse” producing an electrically neutral particle, even though this does not always happen, as for instance in the case of a hydrogen atom, where a proton and a electron although attract each other they do not “fuse”, for reasons that will be explained later.   On the contrary, particles charged with electric charge of the same sign always repel each other, and their repulsion tends to infinity when their distance tends to zero, which implies that in this case fusion is not possible (classical physics).

On the contrary, according to Quantum mechanics, for a system with a great number of  particles of the same electric charge (polarity) it is possible that a few of them will fuse, as for instance, according to Focardi-Rossi, in the case of  Nickel nuclei in crystal structure and hydrogen nuclei (protons) diffused within it, Although of the same polarity,  a very small percentage of these nuclei manage to come so close to each other, at a distance of 10-14 m, where strong nuclear forces emerge and take over the Coulomb forces  and thus form the nucleus of a new element, either stable or unstable.

This mechanism, which is possible only in the atomic microcosm, is predictable by a quantum-mechanics model of a particle put in a closed box.  According to classical physics no one would expect to find a particle out of the box, but in quantum mechanics the probability of a particle to be found out of the box is not zero! This is the so called “tunneling effect”, which for systems with a very large number of particles, predicts that a small percentage of them lie outside the box, having penetrated the “impenetrable” walls and any other present barrier through the “tunnel”! In our case, the barrier is nothing else but the electrostatic repulsion, to which the couples of hydrogen and nickel nuclei (of the same polarity) are subjected and is called Coulomb barrier.

Diffusion mechanism of hydrogen in nickel: Nickel as a catalyst first decomposes the biatomic molecules of hydrogen to hydrogen atoms in contact with the nickel surface. Then these hydrogen atoms deposit their electrons to the conductivity band of the metal (Fermi band) and due to their greatly reduced volume, compared to that of their atom, the hydrogen nuclei readily diffuse into the crystalline structure of the nickel, including its defects. At this point, in order to understand the phenomenon it is necessary to briefly describe the structure both of the nickel atom and the nickel crystal lattice.

It is well known that the nickel atom is not so simple as the hydrogen atom, as its nucleus consists of dozens of protons and neutrons, thus it is much heavier and exerts a proportionally higher electrostatic repulsion than the nucleus of hydrogen, which consists of only one proton. In this case, the electrons, numerically equal to the protons, are ordered in various energy levels and cannot be easily removed from the atom to which they belong. Exception to this rule is the case of electrons of the chemical bonds, which along with the electrons of the hydrogen atoms form the metal conductivity band (electronic cloud), which moves quasi freely throughout the metal mass.

As in all transition metals, the nickel atoms in the solid state, and more specifically their nuclei, are located at the vertices and at the centre of the six faces of the cubic cell of the metal, leaving a free internal octahedral space within the cell, which, on account of the quasi negligible volume of the nuclei, is practically filled with electrons of the nickel atoms, as well as with conductivity electrons.

It would be really interesting to know the electrons’ specific density (number of electrons per unit volume) and its spatial distribution inside this octahedral space of the crystal lattice as a function of temperature.

Dynamics of the lattice vibration states
Another important aspect to take into consideration in this system is the dynamics of the lattice vibration states, in other words, the periodic three dimensional normal oscillations of the crystal lattice (phonons) of the nickel, which hosts hydrogen nuclei or nuclei of hydrogen isotopes (deuterium or tritium) that have entered into the above mentioned free space of the crystal cell.

It could be argued that the electrons’ specific density and its spatial distribution in the internal space of the crystal structure should be coherent with the natural frequencies of the lattice oscillations. This means that the periodicity of the electronic cloud within the octahedral space of the elementary crystal cell of Nickel generates an oscillating strengthening of shielding of the diffused nuclei of hydrogen or deuterium which also populate this space.

I believe that these considerations can form the basis for a qualitative analysis of this “NEW SOURCE OF ENERGY” and the phenomenology related to cold fusion, including energy production in much smaller quantities and various reaction products.

Shielding of protons by electrons
In the Focardi-Rossi paper the shielding of protons provided by electrons is suspected to be one of the main reasons of the effect, helping the capture of protons by the Ni nucleus, therefore  generating energy by fusion of protons in Nickel and a series of exothermic nuclear reactions, leaving as by-product isotopes different from the original Ni (transmutations). Such shielding is one of the elements contributing to the energetic efficiency of the system.  From this derives the opportunity, I think, to focus upon this shielding, both to increase its efficiency and to verify the hypothesis contained in the paper of Focardi-Rossi.  Of course, what we are talking of here is a theoretical verification, because the practical verification is made by monitoring the performance of the apparatus invented and patented by Andrea Rossi, presently under rigorous verification by many independent university researchers.

In my opinion, the characteristics of the shielding of the proton from the electrons should be defined, as well as the “radiometric” behavior of the system.

In other words, the following two questions should be answered:

  1. Which is the supposed mechanism that overcomes the powerful electrostatic repulse (Coulomb barrier) between the “shielded proton” and the Nickel nucleus?
  2. For what reason there is almost no radiation of any kind (experimental observation), while according to the Focardi and Rossi’s hypothesis there should have been some γ radiation (511 KeV) produced by the predicted annihilation of the β+ and β- particles that are being created during the Fusion?

I believe that some thoughts based on general and elementary structures, data and principles of universal scientific acceptance, might shed some light to this exciting phenomenon.  More specific, I refer to Bohr’s hydrogen atom, the speed of nuclear reactions (10-20 sec) and the Uncertainty Principle of Heisenberg.

I will take Bohr’s hydrogen atom as a starting point (figure 1a), which stays at its fundamental state forever in the absence of external perturbations, due to De Broglie’s wave, accompanying the sole electron.

As stated before, in contact with the metal, these atoms lose their fundamental state, as their electrons are being transmitted to the conductivity band.  These electrons, together with the “naked nuclei” of hydrogen (protons), form a freely moving cloud of charges (plasma at a degenerate state) inside the crystalline lattice. That cloud is being defused through the surface to the polycrystallic mass of the metal, covering empty spaces of the non-canonical structure of the crystalline lattice, as well as the tetrahedral and octahedral spaces between the molecules. As a consequence, the crystalline structure is covered by “delocalized plasma” (degenerate state), which is consisted by protons, electrons produced by the “absorbed atoms” of hydrogen, as well as by the electrons of the chemical valence of Nickel of the lattice, at different energy states (Fermi’s band). (Fig. 2)

Fig.1b

In this system, if one considers the probability of the creation inside the crystalline lattice of temporary (not at the fundamental state) “pseudo-atoms” of hydrogen with neutral charge, for example at a time of the order of 10ˆ-17 sec, then that possibility is not completely ill-founded. (Fig 1b)

Fig.2

According to the Uncertainty Principle of Heisenberg, the temporary atoms of hydrogen will cover during that small time interval Δt, a wide range of energies ΔΕ, which means also a wide range of atomic diameters of temporary atoms, satisfying the De Broglie’s condition.  A percentage of them (at fist a very small one) might have diameters smaller than 10ˆ-14 m, which is the maximum active radius of nuclear reactions. In that case, the chargeless temporary atoms, or mini-atoms, of hydrogen together with high energy but short lived electrons, are being statistically trapped by the Nickel nuclei at a time of 10ˆ-20 sec. In other words, the high speed of nuclear reactions permits the fusion of short lived but neutral mini-atoms of hydrogen with the Nickel nuclei of the crystalline lattice, as during that short time interval the Coulomb barrier (of the specific hydrogen mini-atom) does not exist.

Afterwards, it follows a procedure similar to the one described by Focardi and Rossi, but instead of considering the capture of a shielded proton by the Ni58 nucleus, we adopt the hypothesis of trapping a neutral temporary atom, or a mini atom, of hydrogen (with a diameter less than 10ˆ-14 m) which transforms the Ni58 nucleus into Cu59 (copper/59, short lived isotope*).

It follows the predicted “β decay” of the nuclei of the short lived isotope of copper, accompanied by the emission of β+ (positrons) and β- (perhaps the electrons of the mini atoms trapped inside that nucleus during the fusion). These particles are being annihilated with an emission of γ radiation (two photons of γ of energy 511 KeV each, for every couple of β+ and β-).

In other words, whoever has experimented with this system should have suffered the not-so-harmless influence of those radiations, but that never happened.  The radioactivity measured at the experiments is almost zero and easily shielded.

In any case, a rigorous, in my opinion, theoretical approach for the interpretation of that phenomenon with quantum mechanical terms, would give clear quantitative answers to the above stated models. With my Colleges of theoretical chemistry, we are already planning to face the problem using the time-depended quantum mechanical perturbation theory, bearing in mind the following:

  1. The total wave function (of the nucleus and the electrons) of temporarily, non-stable states.
  2. The total time-depended Hamiltonian, for temporarily states.
  3. Searching for the resonance conditions at that system.

Such an approach had a successful outcome at a similar problem of theoretical chemistry and we hope that it will be valid in this case as well.

Let’s go back to the intuitive, with ideal models, approach, in order to give a qualitative explanation for the (almost) absent radiations of the system, by using:

  • First of all the Boltzmann’s distribution (especially at the asymptotic area of high energies).
  • The photoelectric effect
  • The Compton effect
  • The Mössbauer effect

We have already mentioned that from the temporary mini atoms of hydrogen, the ones with diameter less than 10ˆ-14 m, have a larger probability of fusion. But, in order for them to be created, high energy bond electrons should exist at the “delocalized plasma” of the crystalline lattice.

1. Boltzmann’s statistics:
There are reasons to believe that the H/Ni system, at first at temperatures of about 400-500oC, contains a very small percentage of electrons in the “delocalized plasma” with enough energy to create (together with the diffused protons), according to the wave-particle duality principle, the first temporary mini atoms of hydrogen, that will trigger the fusion with the nickel nuclei and the production of high energy γ photons (511 KeV).

2. Photoelectric Effect:
It is not possible, the HUGE amount of energy (in kW/h), that the Rossi/Focardi reactor produces, as measured by unrelated scientists in repeated demonstrations (at one of them by the writer and his colleagues, Fig 3), to be created due to the thermalization of the insignificant number of  γ photons at the beginning of the reaction.

Fig.3

I believe that, as stated above, these photons are the trigger of fusion at a multiplicative series, based on the photoelectric effect inside the crystalline structure.

The two γ photons can export symmetrically (180°) two electrons from the nearest Nickel atoms. The stimulation, due to the high energy of γ, concerns electrons of internal bands of two different atoms of the lattice and has as a prerequisite the absorption of all the energy of the photon.  A small part of that energy is being consumed for the export of the electron from the atom and the rest is being transformed into kinetic energy of the electron (thermal energy).

The result of that procedure is to enrich the “delocalized plasma” with high energy electrons that will contribute multiplicatively (by a factor of two) at the progress of the cold fusion nuclear reactions of hydrogen and nickel and at the same time transform the hazardous γ radiation into useful thermal energy.

3. The Compton Scattering:
It gives the additional possibility of multiplication, this time due to secondary photons γ, in a wide range of frequencies, as a function of the angular deviation from the direction of the initial photon of 511 keV. That has as a result the increase of the export of electrons, due to the photoelectric phenomenon at the crystalline mass, in many energy/kinetic levels, which gives an additional possibility of converting the γ radiation into useful thermal energy.

4. The Mössbauer effect:
It gives another possible way of absorbing the γ radiation and transforming it into thermal energy. It is based on the principle of conservation of momentum at the regression of the new Cu59 nucleus/ from the emission of a γ photon. Relative calculations (Dufour) showed that this mechanism has an insignificant (1%) contribution.

It follows that, according to given data, the Photoelectric phenomenon and the Compton Effect, could explain the absence of radiations in the Focardi-Rossi system, which, from the amount of producing energy versus the consumption of Ni and H2, as well as from the experimental observation of element transformations,  lead undoubtedly to the acceptance of hydrogen cold fusion.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The author wishes to acknowledge Aris Chatzichristos for the contribution in formulating this paper in English

References:
(1)www. journal-of-nuclear-physics.com /Focardi Rossi/  (A new energy source from nuclear fusion)

* I believe that the phasmatometric tracing of copper is the most definitive sign of nuclear fusion: From the relative bibliography (HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 66TH edition), it follows that the stable non radioactive isotopes of nickel are the following five:

58, 60, 61, 62 and 64. These, when fused with a hydrogen nucleus, are being transmuted relatively to Cu-59, Cu-61, Cu-62, Cu-63 and Cu-65. From these isotopes of copper only the last two (Cu-63 and Cu-65) are not radioactive, i.e. they are stable. The other three Cu-59, Cu-61, Cu-62, are being transmuted again to Nickel, with an average life expectancy of some hours and the most unstable Cu-59 in 18 seconds.

By prof. Christos Stremmenos


850 comments to A detailed Qualitative Approach to the Cold Fusion Nuclear Reactions of H/Ni

  • Andrea Rossi

    Maureen:
    I walk fast on my balcony back and forth for one hour every day, and I make gymnastic in house 15 minutes every day.
    While walking I think to the Ecat SKL, and skype with my Team, so time runs fast and it is not boring.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Maureen

    Dr Rossi,
    How are you exercising in this quarantine period ?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Erik66:
    Yes.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Erik66

    If and when you will make the preentation of the Ecat SK Leonardo will you update the paper
    http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
    ?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Silent Reader:
    Likewise !
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Silent Reader

    Merry Christmas and a 2020 full of Ecats to all of us , readers of this great blog of A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Solarguy:
    We must make a clear distinction between power and energy.
    Power is measured, among others, in Watts, energy is measured in Watthours.
    For example: when we say that a generator of energy has a power of 1 MW, this means that it can generate a maximum amount of energy of 1 million Watthours per hour, or
    1 x 10^6 Wh/h. A troll more imbecile than the others ( which is a remarkable achievement anyway ) corrected me time ago with dispregiative tone in a forum saying that the h of Wh at the numerator is eliminated together with the h at the denominator, so that remains only Watt: obviously this is a stupidity, because the h at the numerator is just a contraction of watthour, while the h at the denominator means “hour” and since watthour is a quantum of energy and hour is a quantum of time, to say that they eliminate each other is only a paradigmatic example of stupidity.
    Now, about windmills and solar panels: there is a big confusion when we read that such devices have already substituted so much percent of the demand of energy, because such statistics do not distinguish power from energy and normally the non experts think that , for example, a windmill with 1 MW of power can substitute 1 MW of power of a fossil fueled generator. Not true, because a fossil fueled generator with a power of 1 MW is able to generate always 1 MWh/h of energy, while a windmill can do the same only when there is a wind corresponding to that energy, which almost never happens. At the most the energy actually generated by a solar or wind power source is between 1 and 10% of its power. Should these sources not be funded by the taxpayer, nobody would invest in them. The business there is the funding, not the energy generation. In favour of the solar and wind power sources, though, there is the added value of the environmental issues, but also in relation of this calculation, albeit not easy, the poor efficiency of the real performance, could be discovered to be not as convenient as it appears to be if we make confusion between the concept of energy and the concept of power.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Solarguy

    About the comment of Spencer Schebring: do you think that the windmills and solar panel can play a substantial role agaist the global warming issue?

  • Andrea Rossi

    George:
    Not yet, but we are oin a situation that could evolve exponentially briefly. I got an idea, maybe it works, maybe not. If it works, we will be fast. The experiment is very expensive, made with components that do not exist, several months will be necessary to make all, but if it works, then it will go exponentially fast.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • George

    Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
    Do you have an idea when you could make the presentation of the direct production of electricity from an Ecat SK?
    Thank you if you can answer,
    George

  • Andrea Rossi

    Vern Henneman:
    Thank you for your honest and useful comment.
    I take notice of what you suggest.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Dear Andrea,
    Have followed your efforts since early 2011. Your latest breakthroughs on the Hot Cat of over 1300 degC and larger reactors are huge in practical terms IMO. Awesome actually.
    You used to be looking for suitable companion generators. Maybe you are aware of the Capstone Turbine generators made in CA and sold widely.
    These have been modified in at least two occasions to run, through heat exchangers, with concentrated solar heat and from combustion heat of gases generated by wood gasifiers. Seems to me they are a natural for companions to your LENR reactors. They have high Power to weight, high reliability and low maintenance; are available in several sizes from 30 KW to over 5 MW in gangs. They have been in the market for many years now and a known quality. Disclosure: Yes I am a shareholder.
    Vern

  • Andrea Rossi

    Tiède fusion Pourquoi Comment Combien
    Thank you for the interesting link.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • A detailed Qualitative Approach to the Cold Fusion Nuclear Reactions of H/Ni« , 2011 Journal of Nuclear Physics Nuclear experiments blog Avez vous lu:L’atome […]

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear RJ Noonan:
    About the validity I prefer not to comment. It is interesting, though.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • R J Noonan

    Dear Mr. Rossi,

    Are you familiar with the work of Frank Znidarsic?
    If so, what is your opinion of it’s validity?

    kind regards,
    Jack

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear RJ Noonan:
    I have completely different explication regarding my process, but I deem interesting your information.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • R J Noonan

    Dear Mr. Rossi,

    This is a better link to the complete explanation of the lenr physics:

    http://www.youtube.com/results?search_type=videos&search_query=Anti-Gravity+/+Cold+Fusion+Explained+In+Detail%3A

    This is, to my knowledge, not only the best, but the only complete explanation.
    Kind regards,
    Jack

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Jeff Clark:
    You are perfectly right: the E-Cat today is not fit for cars.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Ecat-ering (he,he,he…)
    I prefer stay focused on energy production, now. But your info is interesting.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • ecat-ering

    dear Andrea,
    we really believe that when the HotCat will arrive to the market the evolution in this field will runs with extraordinary speed and acceleration.
    Also the use of your technology in the automotive industry will not need 10/20 years to reach the market, but much less!
    The conditions for this there are already, now!

    http://ecatreport.com/lenr/cyclone-steam-engines-and-lenr

    Therefore we just have to continue to cheer for you and your immense work.
    Surprise us soon, with special effects!
    There are important dates coming in a few days … maybe you can use one of these?!
    warm regards
    Ecat-ering Team

  • Jeff Clark

    Dear Mr. Rossi,

    Perhaps you can clear something up. My friends and I are in an
    argument as to weather the E-Cat can withstand the environment of an
    automobile.
    Will your E-Cat core still operate if you tap on it with a hammer or
    drop it or shake it up. I have a hard time believing that it can
    function because it seems quite delicate and any bump or shake will
    cause it to become broken.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Ryan Ruiz:
    Thank you for your trust, we are working for “simple individuals”, like you define yourself. In short term very important information is on its way.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Ryan Ruiz

    Mr. Rossi,
    I have been following your progress in any and every blog/news post I can find for the last 8 months. I do not know if I will live long enough to see one of these devices in every home, but I hope that I at least see the proof of it becoming the standard method in energy production for residential and commercial. Keep true to your values and give this world the help it needs to thrust energy concerns to the back of the worry list. I salute you sir.

    Signed,
    A simple individual from the regular world.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Hagen Tannberg:
    We supply the charge with all it needs inside and we provide to change it in due time. The composition of the charge is confidential.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Hagen Tannberg

    Is Hydrogen used only or is Deuterium (Heavy Hydrogen)used?

    This may affect how difficult it will be for world wide distribution of your product, because of the difficulty in obtaining Deuterium.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Arturo Sghedoni:
    I am not eminent, but I will be happy to read you in
    info@leonardocorp1996.com
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Arturo Sghedoni

    Eminent Dr. Andrea Rossi, I hold a PhD in Physics, I graduated many years ago at University of Modena. I am very stunned by experiments yours & your collegue’s. I have been working around energy for years, specifically electric & magnetic energies. I would be very pleased to meet you. arturosg@tiscali.it
    Best regards.
    Arth

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Eric Morgan:
    The amount of Ni we use is so low, that it is impossible it can affect the commodity market.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Eric Morgan

    From what I can gather from the information available the E-Cat is not really a catalyst in the truest sense. Apparently, there is nickel powder in the catalyst plus an “unknown substance” to which is applied hydrogen gas. When this occurs, the Ni and H mixture (plus the unknown substance) change at the atomic level and the resulting “waste” from this interchange is: 1.) energy in the form of heat, a multifold amount than the original input and 2.) copper. I have not read or heard of any other outcome.
    So, what I understand from this is that there needs to be a constant supply of nickel, which would result in speculators buying up all available nickel and a rush to open new nickel mines. Oh, and a true catalytic action would result in there being no changes at all in the catalytic material. The plus side would be that copper prices would take a nose-dive, which would be beneficial to the electronics industry.
    Now my question: what does the world’s supply of nickel look like and using the E-Cat (which should be named E-Con, or Energy Convertor, because it “converts” and does not “catalyze”) world-wide when will the supply of nickel be depleted? And, what minerals and/or chemicals make up the mystery ingredient and does this change too or is it the true catalyst?
    Eric Morgan
    Los Angeles

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Eric Morgan:
    I work 16 hours per day, 7 days a week, to make this not just true, but at a price that anybody will be able to afford.
    Thank you for your hope: it helps more than you think.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Eric Morgan

    I heard about this from Mysterious Universe, the podcast, #618-at http://www.mysteriousuniverse.org
    For those who wish to address the “skeptical” remember the phrase, once burned, twice shy. Believe it or not, 99.999% of Earth are hoping this invention-the E-Cat, is the real thing. But, not skeptically, we are just holding our collective breaths, and wondering when we can breath again. Dr. Rossi, let this be true. Mainstream media, tell the world and shout it from the rooftops.
    Eric Morgan
    Los Angeles, CA

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Luca Frigerio:
    I will remember,
    Thank you,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • luca frigerio

    dear mr. Rossi,
    I’m following, as a simple fan, the evolution of your project, that’s not only a dream.
    Though I’m living in Bologna nowadays, I remember well, when I was a child in Lombardy, the great struggle around Petroldragon.
    My firm is at your disposal in case of your need of plastic components for the next production of home E-Cats.

    best regards and best wishes.

    LUCA FRIGERIO
    http://www.plastics.it

  • […] at the Università di Bologna, researched nickel–hydrogen fusion before meeting Andrea Rossi, and offers a probable explanation of the theory behind it. Yeong E. Kim from Purdue University also published a paper suggesting that […]

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Kevon:
    To reach the household application we need 1 to 2 years, mainly for authorizations. But we will arrive, do not worry.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Kevon

    Dear Mr. Rossi
    I am very interested in the home application of this unit. I have a very unique home made of steel. I believe this could be an excellent test location. Converting my home to an entirely electrical system would be easy and demonstrate the complete versatility and application of your system. I am located on two acres with very little local ordinance and would be able to build a structure to meet any requirements. Please consider me for a home based test.
    I look forward to hearing from you. I am able to fund this with my own gold if necessary.

    Kevon Goodge, MSW.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Peter Grombach,
    I do not give information regarding the effect in the reactor.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Peter Grombach

    Dear Andrea Rossi,
    Regarding a safety issue of the used Core.
    Is it possible (e.g.2ppm) that a 62Ni Atom of the Reactors load will catch only the Neutron from the .015% of Deuterium ?

    Thank you very much for your work tuneing the reaction for nukewaste free operation, calm waiting for my new heating in 2013 now.

  • ERICK CLAUSSEN ALEMANIA

    Dear Mr. Rossi
    my name is Erick Claussen
    from over a year I follow his blog and his indisputable theory, that works in practice,
    cold fusion E CAT. I’m an engineer
    I feel angry with the people trying to discredit: they
    are idiots.
    Easy things people want to complicate them, to attack you.

    Erick Claussen

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Lars:
    1- Cannot answer
    2- No
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Craig:
    I agree.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Dear Andrea,

    This may help some readers understand some of the more negative sceptics that are encountered.

    They are fairly termed PSEUDOSCEPTICS, in the sense that they are in pursuit of a pre-defined outcome.

    True sceptics are very hard to find these days. A true sceptic examines BOTH sides of the argument (including HIS OWN). Real sceptics are not pre-occupied with taking sides, but objectively enquire to find the truth, no matter where it leads.Pseudosceptics on the other hand, have a pre-defined agenda to preserve dogma and to ridicule any ideas that do not conform to the establishment point of view. Pseudoscepticism is defined as thinking that claims to be sceptical, but is actually faith-based disbelief. Pseudoscepticism may also be defined as making pseudoscientific arguments in pursuit of a sceptical agenda.

    Pseudoscepticism is a general term which encompasses two types of faith-based disbelief: making positive claims that something is wrong or unreal without evidence (positive disbelief), and rejecting SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE.

  • Lars

    Sorry i ment for more output

  • Lars

    Dear Mr Rossi
    When you upgraded the e-cat with new components was the improvment for more input or for better stability?
    I heard something about using water to make hydrogen instead of filling it with hydrogen is that not a goal anymore?
    Thanks

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Rampado Dr Roberto:
    Thanks.
    I assure you that the Scientists who made the tests know very well how to measure the quality of steam. About the 1 MW plant, the quality of steam will be measured by the work actually performed. In any case, please go to the answer I gave to Prof. Brian Josephson some minute ago.
    Thank you for your kind attention,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Falcon:
    1- yes
    2- The cost of electric energy should be around 1 cent of $ / kWh, while the cost of electric power should be around 2 k$/kW
    3- For now the foes of this technology are just trying to discredit it paying few dollars to some snake (this is time of economic crisis, you know…). They did not yet understand the psychological and cultural structure of myself. When they will understand that they are just shooting tennis balls to a tank, they will do what you say. And will be disappointed on me.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Falcon

    Professor Rossi

    I am a real believer in your technology, and I think you will deserve the physics Nobel and the peace Nobel at the same time. Let me ask you 3 questions:
    1) Can we assume that in case of electricity production, a 3.15 MW system of E-Cats (called Hyperion by Defkalion) could give around 1 to 1.2 MW  when coupled with an adequate device?
    2)What is the cost of a Kwh Of ELECTRICITY and the approximate price per KW OF ELECTRICITY?
    3) A very good  friend asked me a question: If this invention is real, why would the powerful countries, the secret services or the powerful lobbies let that be, or at least try to get the technology by any means? What can I answer him?

    Thank you Professor Rossi to keep communicating with us and God bless you!

    Falcon

  • Rampado Dr Roberto

    Caro Dr Andrea Rossi,
    una importante anche se indiretta prova che l’E-Cat sia vero, è fornita dal fatto che Tu rifiuti lo Scale-Up del reattore e proponi piuttosto apparati Multi-E-Cat, come verrà fatto e commercializzato a breve.
    Significa che il gatto forse non è ancora completamente addomesticato e che se si arrabbia diventa veramente cattivo e può far male. Ma finché e solo un gattino, poco male !

    Mi complimento per gli ulteriori miglioramenti apportati all’ Energy Catalyzer.

    Mi chiedevo se avevi valutato la proposta di usare la distillazione di soluzione salina per il set-up degli stress test dei tuoi E-Cat.
    Se si vuole conoscere la qualità di un vapore, basta sapere il grado di distillazione del condensato a valle, mediante una semplice misurazione della sua resistenza elettrica.

    Complimenti e saluti

    Rampado Dr Roberto

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