Cold nuclear fusion

by E.N. Tsyganov
(UA9 collaboration) University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center at Dallas, Texas, USA

Direct Download

Abstract
Recent accelerator experiments on fusion of various elements have clearly demonstrated that the effective cross-sections of these reactions depend on what material the target particle is placed in. In these experiments, there was a significant increase in the probability of interaction when target nuclei are imbedded in a conducting crystal or are a part of it. These experiments open a new perspective on the problem of so-called cold nuclear fusion.

PACS.: 25.45 – deuterium induced reactions
Submitted to Physics of Atomic Nuclei/Yadernaya Fizika in Russian

Introduction
Experiments of Fleischmann and Pons made about 20 years ago [1], raised the question about the possibility of nuclear DD fusion at room temperature. Conflicting results of numerous experiments that followed, dampened the initial euphoria, and the scientific community quickly came to common belief, that the results of [1] are erroneous. One of the convincing arguments of skeptics was the lack in these experiments of evidence of nuclear decay products. It was assumed that “if there are no neutrons, therefore is no fusion.” However, quite a large international group of physicists, currently a total of about 100-150 people, continues to work in this direction. To date, these enthusiasts have accumulated considerable experience in the field. The leading group of physicists working in this direction, in our opinion, is the group led by Dr. M. McKubre [2]. Interesting results were also obtained in the group of Dr. Y. Arata [3]. Despite some setbacks with the repeatability of results, these researchers still believe in the existence of the effect of cold fusion, even though they do not fully understand its nature.  Some time ago we proposed a possible mechanism to explain the results of cold fusion of deuterium [4]. This work considered a possible mechanism of acceleration of deuterium contaminant atoms in the crystals through the interaction of atoms with long-wavelength lattice vibrations in deformed parts of the crystal. Estimates have shown that even if a very small portion of the impurity atoms (~105) get involved in this process and acquires a few keV energy, this will be sufficient to describe the energy released in experiments [2].  This work also hypothesized that the lifetime of the intermediate nucleus increases with decreasing energy of its excitation, so that so-called “radiation-less cooling” of the excited nucleus becomes possible. In [5], we set out a more detailed examination of the process.  Quite recently, a sharp increase of the probability of fusion of various elements was found in accelerator experiments for the cases when the target particles are either imbedded in a metal crystal or are a part of the conducting crystal. These experiments compel us to look afresh on the problem of cold fusion.

Recent experiments on fusion of elements on accelerators
For atom-atom collisions the expression of the probability of penetration through a Coulomb barrier for bare nuclei should be modified, because atomic electrons screen the repulsion effect of nuclear charge. Such a modification for the isolated atom collisions has been performed in H.J. Assenbaum and others [6] using static Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The experimental results that shed further light on this problem were obtained in relatively recent works C. Rolfs [7] and K. Czerski [8]. Review of earlier studies on this subject is contained in the work of L. Bogdanova [9]. In these studies a somewhat unusual phenomenon was observed: the sub-barrier fusion cross sections of elements depend strongly on the physical state of the matter in which these processes are taking place. Figure 1 (left) shows the experimental data [8], demonstrating the dependence of the astrophysical factor S(E) for the fusion of elements of sub-threshold nuclear reaction on the aggregate state of the matter that contains the target nucleus 7Li. The same figure (right) presents similar data [7] for the DD reaction, when the target nucleus was embedded in a zirconium crystal. It must be noted that the physical nature of the phenomenon of increasing cross synthesis of elements in the case where this process occurs in the conductor crystal lattice is still not completely clear.

Figure 1. Up – experimental data [8], showing the energy dependence of the S-factor for sub-threshold nuclear reaction on the aggregate state of matter that contains the nucleus 7Li.  Down – the similar data [7] for the reaction of DD, when the target nucleus is placed in a crystal of zirconium. The data are well described by the introduction of the screening potential of about 300 eV.

The phenomenon is apparently due to the strong anisotropy of the electrical fields of the crystal lattice in the presence of free conduction electrons. Data for zirconium crystals for the DD reactions can be well described by the introduction of the screening potential of about 300 eV. It is natural to assume that the corresponding distance between of two atoms of deuterium in these circumstances is less than the molecular size of deuterium. In the case of the screening potential of 300 eV, the distance of convergence of deuterium atoms is ~510ˆ12 m, which is about an order of magnitude smaller than the size of a molecule of deuterium, where the screening potential is 27 eV. As it turned out, the reaction rate for DD fusion in these conditions is quite sufficient to describe the experimental results of McKubre and others [2]. Below we present the calculation of the rate process similar to the mu-catalysis where, instead of the exchange interaction by the muon, the factor of bringing together two deuterons is the effect of conduction electrons and the lattice of the crystal.

Calculation of the DD fusion rate for “Metal-Crystal” catalysis
The expression for the cross section of synthesis in the collision of two nuclei can be written as

where for the DD fusion

Here the energy E is shown in keV in the center of mass. S(E) astrophysical factor (at low energies it can be considered constant), the factor 1/E reflects de Broglie dependence of cross section on energy. The main energy dependence of the fusion is contained in an expression

that determines the probability of penetration of the deuteron through the Coulomb barrier. From the above expressions, it is evident that in the case of DD collisions and in the case of DDμcatalysis, the physics of the processes is the same. We use this fact to determine the probability of DD fusion in the case of the “metal-crystalline” DD-catalysis.  In the case of DDμ- catalysis the size of the muon deuterium molecules (ion+) is ~5×10ˆ13m. Deuterium nuclei approach such a distance at a kinetic energy ~3 keV. Using the expression (1), we found that the ratio of σ(3.0 keV)/σ(0.3 keV) = 1.05×10ˆ16. It should be noted that for the free deuterium molecule this ratio [ σ(3.0keV)/σ(0.03keV)] is about 10ˆ73.  Experimental estimations of the fusion rate for the (DDμ)+ case presented in the paper by Hale [10]:

Thus, we obtain for the “metal-crystalline” catalysis DD fusion rate (for zirconium case):

Is this enough to explain the experiments on cold fusion? We suppose that a screening potential for palladium is about the same as for zirconium. 1 cmˆ3 (12.6 g) of palladium contains 6.0210ˆ23(12.6/106.4) = 0.710ˆ23 atoms. Fraction of crystalline cells with dual (or more) the number of deuterium atoms at a ratio of D: Pd ~1:1 is the case in the experiments [2] ~0.25 (e.g., for Poisson distribution). Crystal cell containing deuterium atoms 0 or 1, in the sense of a fusion reaction, we consider as “passive”. Thus, the number of “active” deuterium cells in 1 cmˆ3 of palladium is equal to 1.810ˆ22. In this case, in a 1 cmˆ3 of palladium the reaction rate will be

this corresponds to the energy release of about 3 kW. This is quite sufficient to explain the results of McKubre group [2]. Most promising version for practical applications would be Platinum (Pt) crystals, where the screening potential for d(d,p)t fusion at room temperature is about 675 eV [11]. In this case, DD fusion rate would be:

The problem of “nonradiative” release of nuclear fusion energy
As we have already noted, the virtual absence of conventional nuclear decay products of the compound nucleus was widely regarded as one of the paradoxes of DD fusion with the formation of 4He in the experiments [2]. We proposed the explanation of this paradox in [4]. We believe that after penetration through the Coulomb barrier at low energies and the materialization of the two deuterons in a potential well, these deuterons retain their identity for some time. This time defines the frequency of further nuclear reactions. Figure 2 schematically illustrates the mechanism of this process. After penetration into the compound nucleus at a very low energy, the deuterons happen to be in a quasi-stabile state seating in the opposite potential wells. In principle, this system is a dual “electromagnetic-nuclear” oscillator. In this oscillator the total kinetic energy of the deuteron turns into potential energy of the oscillator, and vice versa. In the case of very low-energy, the amplitude of oscillations is small, and the reactions with nucleon exchange are suppressed.

Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of the mechanism of the nuclear decay frequency dependence on the compound nucleus 4He* excitation energy for the merging deuterons is presented. The diagram illustrates the shape of the potential well of the compound nucleus. The edges of the potential well are defined by the strong interaction, the dependence at short distances  Coulomb repulsion.

The lifetime of the excited 4He* nucleus can be considered in the formalism of the usual radioactive decay. In this case,


Here ν is the decay frequency, i.e., the reciprocal of the decay time τ. According to our hypothesis, the decay rate is a function of excitation energy of the compound nucleus E. Approximating with the first two terms of the polynomial expansion, we have:

Here ν° is the decay frequency at asymptotically low excitation energy. According to quantum-mechanical considerations, the wave functions of deuterons do not completely disappear with decreasing energy, as illustrated by the introduction of the term ν°. The second term of the expansion describes the linear dependence of the frequency decay on the excitation energy. The characteristic nuclear frequency is usually about 10ˆ22  sˆ-1. In fusion reaction D+D4He there is a broad resonance at an energy around 8 MeV. Simple estimates by the width of the resonance and the uncertainty relation gives a lifetime of the intermediate state of about 0.810ˆ22 s. The “nuclear” reaction rate falls approximately linearly with decreasing energy. Apparently, a group of McKubre [2] operates in an effective energy range below 2 keV in the c.m.s. Thus, in these experiments, the excitation energy is at least 4×10ˆ3 times less than in the resonance region. We assume that the rate of nuclear decay is that many times smaller. The corresponding lifetime is less than 0.3×10ˆ18 s. This fall in the nuclear reaction rate has little effect on the ratio of output decay channels of the compound nucleus, but down to a certain limit. This limit is about 6 keV. A compound nucleus at this energy is no longer an isolated system, since virtual photons from the 4He* can reach to the nearest electron and carry the excitation energy of the compound nucleus. The total angular momentum carried by the virtual photons can be zero, so this process is not prohibited. For the distance to the nearest electron, we chose the radius of the electrons in the helium atom (3.1×10ˆ11 m). From the uncertainty relations, duration of this process is about 10ˆ-19 seconds. In the case of “metal-crystalline” catalysis the distance to the nearest electrons can be significantly less and the process of dissipation of energy will go faster. It is assumed that after an exchange of multiple virtual photons with the electrons of the environment the relatively small excitation energy of compound nucleus 4He* vanishes, and the frequency of the compound nucleus decaying with the emission of nucleons will be determined only by the term ν°. For convenience, we assume that this value is no more than 10ˆ12-10ˆ14 per second. In this case, the serial exchange of virtual photons with the electrons of the environment in a time of about 10ˆ-16 will lead to the loss of ~4 MeV from the compound nucleus (after which decays with emission of nucleons are energetically forbidden), and then additional exchange will lead to the loss of all of the free energy of the compound nucleus (24 MeV) and finally the nucleus will be in the 4He ground state.  The energy dissipation mechanism of the compound nucleus 4He* with virtual photons, discussed above, naturally raises the question of the electromagnetic-nuclear structure of the excited compound nucleus.

Fig. 3. Possible energy diagram of the excited 4He* nucleus is presented.

Figure 3 represents a possible energy structure of the excited 4He* nucleus and changes of its spatial configuration in the process of releasing of excitation energy. Investigation of this process might be useful to study the quark-gluon dynamics and the structure of the nucleus.

Discussion
Perhaps, in this long-standing history of cold fusion, finally the mystery of this curious and enigmatic phenomenon is gradually being opened. Besides possible benefits that the practical application of this discovery will bring, the scientific community should take into account the sociological lessons that we have gained during such a long ordeal of rejection of this brilliant, though largely accidental, scientific discovery. We would like to express the special appreciation to the scientists that actively resisted the negative verdict imposed about twenty years ago on this topic by the vast majority of nuclear physicists.

Acknowledgements
The author thanks Prof. S.B. Dabagov, Dr. M. McKubre, Dr. F. Tanzela, Dr. V.A. Kuzmin, Prof. L.N. Bogdanova and Prof. T.V. Tetereva for help and valuable discussions. The author is grateful to Prof. V.G. Kadyshevsky, Prof. V.A. Rubakov, Prof. S.S. Gershtein, Prof. V.V. Belyaev, Prof. N.E. Tyurin, Prof. V.L. Aksenov, Prof. V.M. Samsonov, Prof. I.M. Gramenitsky, Prof. A.G. Olshevsky, Prof. V.G. Baryshevsky for their help and useful advice. I am grateful to Dr. VM. Golovatyuk, Prof. M.D. Bavizhev, Dr. N.I. Zimin, Prof. A.M. Taratin for their continued support. I am also grateful to Prof. A. Tollestrup, Prof. U. Amaldi, Prof. W. Scandale, Prof. A. Seiden, Prof. R. Carrigan, Prof. A. Korol, Prof. J. Hauptmann, Prof. V. Guidi, Prof. F. Sauli, Prof. G. Mitselmakher, Prof. A. Takahashi, and Prof. X. Artru for stimulating feedback. Continued support in this process was provided with my colleagues and the leadership of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, and I am especially grateful to Prof. R. Parkey, Prof. N. Rofsky, Prof. J. Anderson and Prof. G. Arbique. I express special thanks to my wife, N.A. Tsyganova for her stimulating ideas and uncompromising support.

References
1. M. Fleischmann, S. Pons, M. W. Anderson, L. J. Li, M. Hawkins, J. Electro anal. Chem. 287, 293 (1990).
2. M. C. H. McKubre, F. Tanzella, P. Tripodi, and P. Haglestein, In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000, Lerici (La Spezia), Ed. F. Scaramuzzi, (Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy, 2001), p 3; M. C. H. McKubre, In Condensed Matter Nuclear Science: Proceedings Of The 10th International Conference On Cold Fusion;  Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 21-29 August, 2003, Ed by P. L. Hagelstein and S. R. Chubb, (World Sci., Singapore, 2006). M. C. H. McKubre, “Review of experimental measurements involving dd reactions”, Presented at the Short Course on LENR for ICCF-10, August 25, 2003.
3. Y. Arata, Y. Zhang, “The special report on research project for creation of new energy”, J. High Temp. Soc. (1) (2008).
4. E. Tsyganov, in Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 2010, Vol. 73, No. 12, pp. 1981–1989. Original Russian text published in Yadernaya Fizika, 2010, Vol. 73, No. 12, pp. 2036–2044.
5. E.N. Tsyganov, “The mechanism of DD fusion in crystals”, submitted to IL NUOVO CIMENTO 34 (4-5) (2011), in Proceedings of the International Conference Channeling 2010 in Ferrara, Italy, October 3-8 2010.
6. H.J. Assenbaum, K. Langanke and C. Rolfs, Z. Phys. A – Atomic Nuclei 327, p. 461-468 (1987).
7. C. Rolfs, “Enhanced Electron Screening in Metals: A Plasma of the Poor Man”, Nuclear Physics News, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2006.
8. A. Huke, K. Czerski, P. Heide, G. Ruprecht, N. Targosz, and W. Zebrowski, “Enhancement of deuteron-fusion reactions in metals and experimental implications”, PHYSICAL REVIEW C 78, 015803 (2008).
9. L.N. Bogdanova, Proceedings of International Conference on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Topics, Dubna, June 18–21, 2007, published by JINR, E4, 15-2008-70, p. 285-293
10. G.M. Hale, “Nuclear physics of the muon catalyzed d+d reactions”, Muon Catalyzed Fusion 5/6 (1990/91) p. 227-232.
11. F. Raiola (for the LUNA Collaboration), B. Burchard, Z. Fulop, et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.31, 1141 (2005); Eur. Phys. J. A 27, s01, 79 (2006).

by E.N. Tsyganov
(UA9 collaboration) University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center at Dallas, Texas, USA

Direct Download

3,558 comments to Cold nuclear fusion

  • Jim B.

    Dear Ing. Rossi,

    When your ecats will be producing dry steam at temperatures greater than 450 C for generating electricity, will the lead (Pb) that you use for shielding within your reactors be molten or will it be cooled somehow to stay below it melting point of 327.5 C? I am not a technical person, I am just curious about this thought. If this is an engineering detail that you wish to not reveal or discuss until your patents are approved I fully understand and would prefer that you do not give an answer. I prefer that you protect your secrets and be successful in your business.

    Also, I am sure I am speaking for many of your readers when I say thank you for being accessible and taking the time to receive and answer questions like ours from the general public. This gives us a small way to be part of this moment in history.

    Jim B.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Roger,
    Thank you, but I am not a genius, I am a worker.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Roger

    I just want to encourage you to continue on the commercialization path you are on and to forget about any more demonstrations. I have done a lot of reading on message boards and recent news about suppression of research in your field and am very certain that any attempt to convince the wider community of physicists (priests) will take another twenty years.

    You were given a certain kind of genius and the determination and even bravery to put that gift to constructive use. While most geniuses prefer to settle into a tenured position at a university, repeating old forms again and again you have chosen to face the failure and to rise again even in the face of a cold wind. Be of good cheer, and know that persons of your sort with drive and a clear eye will win in the end.

    Please don’t forget to get to have some well deserved rest this year end season.

    Sincerly

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Travis Wayne Parsons:
    I do not use palladium. What is the EON battery?
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Travis Wayne Parsons

    I have thought about the prospect of cold fusion and I though that if you changed the electromagnetic field within the cylinder so that the palladium was atomically tightened by the charges in the cylinder that the energy is much more reachable and intense. Does anyone agree that this would fix your troubles with the Eon battery? (I meant the pun)

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Giovanni:
    We gave a lot of results in 2011. I think 2012 will reserve a strong development.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Giovanni

    Dear Ing. Rossi
    I see you are at the PC, so…..one more question:

    are you on your way to give us a Xmas gift of any sort?

    Giovanni

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Giovanni:
    You are right, the minimum price we will reach when we will manufacture in big scale will be around 400 Euro/kW. This is our target price.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Giovanni

    Dear Ing. Rossi
    navigating articles about your activity, I noticed that some of them are indicating a cost for the home e-cat of 400 Euros (521 USD), omitting “/kW thermal”. This is not correct, as you stated clearly that the cost is 400 Euros FOR 1 (one) kW thermal. So the cost for the 10 kW e-cat unit will be 4.000 Euros.
    My best regards
    Giovanni

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Carloluna:
    I did not promise, I said I would have thought of it.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Carloluna

    Dear ing.Rossi.

    Something similar happened to His Story in 700 in Germany.The ‘author Johann Bessler wanted to sell the invention without Revealing the mechanism (Were there no patents). The tests lasted for Several months ago with the direct participation of the best Indirectly minds of the century. (Leibintz Newton). The wonderful solution was to run the machine for months in a sealed room and checked by guards

    I hope to see as soon as a long on-line testing of his invention (as you promised).

    my best regards

  • Dear Ing. Rossi,

    Here is the link to the article I sent you. Hope all of your readers enjoy.

    http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111214125901.htm

    Warm Regards and a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year to all of your readers.

    Eng. Newell

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Guido Chiostri:
    No, it is not possible, for the following reasons:
    1- we want not to give any imagine of our own production sites
    2- main part of the 1 MW plants we are manufacturing has been outsourced to different Suppliers
    3- you already have plenty of photos and videos of our 1 MW plant in the internet
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Guido Chiostri

    Dear Ing. Rossi,
    Is it possible to see a picture of the 13 e-cat plant in progress not revealing of your customer’s identity ?

    Best regards
    Guido Chiostri

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Simon Basocich:
    As I said, we prefer to be conservative.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Simon Basovich

    Dear Mr. Andrea Rossi,
    About the COP. Why it is only 6? If you have a system with a positive feedback, it produce energy limited only be capacity of the fuel/energy source (it is almost unlimited) and by possibility of explosion. So, why your COP is only 6?
    Best regards and happy New Year,
    Simon Basovich

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Wolf:
    1- No, but we are organizing our sales network and many offers have been made.
    2- few months; we are working in team: the Customers’ engineers, the Engineers of the U.S. Partner who is making the control systems and us to make a very good control system that allows a totally automatic operation. A magnificence is growing up. Sorry for the pause in the communication, but it is time to work, work, work
    3- This issue does not depend on me.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Wolf

    Dear Mr. Rossi,

    I (as many others) follow all the news around the Ecat with great interest. Recently there seems to be a pause regarding new public information. I wanted to ask you 3 questions (I hope you don’t mind), I would appreciate if you could answer them:

    1. Have you sold any more 1MW units by now? The last number that i read of were 13.
    2. How long will it take you to deliver those 13 units?
    3. Do you have a timeframe on when the buyer of the first Ecat will go public? Some time ago you mentioned something about contracts and preparations which have to be made.

    Have a nice christmas and all the best,

    Wolf

  • Robert Curto

    Daniele, we appreciate all the good work you do keeping the bad guys in their Cages.

    Robert
    Ft. Lauderdale

  • Pa

    Dear Mr Rossi,

    I hope you can fully trust those who fund you (if there are any) and the customers in America. I would not be happy to see something similar to what JP Morgan did to Nikola Tesla happen to you. Stay safe.

    Warm regards

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Giovanni:
    We guarantee 6, in any case.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Lorenzo:
    1-no
    2- The purpose of the E-Cat is to produce heat, so this is its asset, not its liability!
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Lorenzo

    Dear ing. Rossi
    some questions on 10 kW e-cat:
    – Is it noisy?
    – Causes a lot of heat into the room where it is located, even if shielded?
    Best wishes.
    Lorenzo

  • Giovanni

    Dear Ing. Rossi
    When you will be able to produce electric power with the e-cat, assuming that a certain amount of that power (I presume a very small quantity) will be looped back to the device, wich will be the COP during the self sustaining mode? I suspect enormous numbers..! Am I wrong?
    My best regards
    Giovanni

  • Andrea Rossi

    WARNING: AS YOU HAVE SEEN, TODAY OUR I.T. GUY HAS WON THE BATTLE AND OUR BLOG IS STILL IN OPERATION. CONGRATULATIONS AND THANKS TO OUR IT GUY, DANIELE PRINCIOTTO
    info@dpinformatica.it
    WHO HAS SPENT TWO DAYS AND TWO NIGHTS FIGHTING TO PUT US AGAIN IN OPERATION!
    ANDREA ROSSI

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Pietro B.:
    The pre-order has been accepted. For the reseller status the situation is premature.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Pietro B.

    Dear Ing.Rossi,

    can you confirm my pre-order submitted on 24 november ?
    In the same date, I’ve also posted an inquiry as reseller/affiliate.
    Please, can you confirm also this one ?
    Both of them has been submitted through the ecat.com website.
    Have a Merry Christmas and a lucky 2012.

    P.B.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Eduardo Rivero,
    Thank you very much for your kind attention.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear David:
    Thank you!
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Bellato Enzo:
    Grazie infinite,
    Cordiali Auguri,
    A.R.

  • K. Dobrolecki

    Mr.Gediminas.
    A Mr.Rossi said before. From 1MW of heat, from Mega E-Cat it is estimated around 300 kW electricity. But still there is lot of heat for other use.

  • Bellato Enzo

    Tanti auguri per il meraviglioso lavoro che sta conducendo. Un augurio per un felice Natale a lei e i suoi cari e che il prossimo anno sia pieno di soddisfazioni.

  • Bellato Enzo

    Auguri per il suo meraviglioso lavoro a lei e tutti i suoi cari per un Natale sereno e un anno nuovo che la ripaghi di tutti gli sforzi fatti. AUGURI,

  • David

    Dear Andrea Rossi

    First of all, God bless you, protect you and your family and loved ones!
    People like yourself are a hope for this world. Almost free energy will change the face of this planet and will change billions of people’s circumstances and quality of life, and health…. Only to think about using the energy to create clean drinking water…and agriculture projects! …If you ever start up, or work together with a company in the netherlands, I would be happy to work for your company to be a part of a history changing event…and most of all to do something good and worth doing for the benefit of others!

    Blessings!
    Dave

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Jorge Jimenez:
    Thank you!
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Estimado Andrea Rossi!!
    Desde Costa Rica, Centro América, solo estamos a la espera de que se confirme la posibilidad de incorporar en nuestro sistema dos Unidades de 1 MW, ya que, estas podrían sustituir algunas turbinas a Gas y así economizar petroleo y reducir contaminación en nuestra ciudad capital, San José. Reciba un caluroso saludo de navidades y los mejores deseo para que el 2012 le den toda la salud del mundo a usted y los suyos en esa lucha continua que tiene por lograr su proyecto de los 10000, 10KW también. Seguiremos pendientes por INTERNET de cada buena nueva que nos tengas en enero, Éxitos y más éxitos desde América Latina!!.

  • Gherardo

    Dott. Rossi,
    my best hypotesis about your customer(s) is either the USARMY or Darpa or a combination of the 2 with a usage during the winther in Afghanistan.
    That could also fit with your fast progress on the electric conversion if you could have the technology background of Darpa and choose with them what newest technology fits better.
    Lavolale!
    Gherardo

  • Eduardo Rivero

    Dear Mr. Rossi: This is the first time I dare to write to you directly. Why ? I have a huge respect for what you are doing and I think time for you now is the most precious thing in the world. Sorry for taking 5 minutes of your time. I have follow your work and the Ecat since the beginning of 2011. I have talk to a lot of incredible people and scientists in a lot of blogs to defend the true and benefits of your amazing job. I have a lot of believe and faith on the Ecat, not just because of the money people and governments will save, not only for the cleaner and better environment we will have in the future but because NOW, with the Ecat, any human being will be able to BE completely independent to produce it own energy for their houses, for their electric cars as also to pump, desalinate and clean their own water. This will have a huge impact on single people and families, far away towns and communities. Any town would be independent from a central government or energy and water central distribution company. With a huge fission Nuclear Reactor people have to “dance” at the price the company sell the energy to them, no matter how clean or good the huge Nuclear Reactor is, people is attach to it. With the Ecat, people would not have to pay what others want them to pay every month. For the first time, people will rule themselves. I think the Ecat will change people´s lives and the way the world moves. Thank you for giving us real independence and freedom. As the world will thank you, many poor families in far away towns without electricity, light to read, communications, clean drinking water and heating for their houses would be able to live decently, not watching their kids die because of the lack of heat, clean water and food. I live in Lima, Perú. Southamerica. Even when I live comfortably in the capital city of the country, many far aways towns in the high mountains range of Perú would be glad to have an Ecat for their small towns. I think this is the most urgent destiny of the Ecat: The poor. Thank you again. We all support you and wait patiently but with a lot of hope and need for the coming of an Ecat to our houses, buildings, towns and cities. Respectfully, Eduardo Rivero.

  • bellato enzo

    Caro Andrea Rossi, auguri per il suo incredibile lavoro, auguri a lei e alla sua famiglia per un natale sereno e per un 2012 che la ripaghi di tutti gli sforzi che sta facendo. Auguri Auguri Auguri

  • Kevin

    I have read almost all you have written and you are a wonderful human Andrea, best wishes and you will be remembered for your contribution to humanity. keep up the good work! I wish I could help you here in the U.S. produce E-CATS.

    Your courage and hard work will change the world. best wishes
    Kevin

  • Claudio

    Dear Mr Rossi,
    please include me also in your pre-order list for a domestic unit.
    Thanks

  • RH

    RE Gediminas’s question

    Assuming Rossis’s given COP value of 6 (in thermal energy),
    The final COP in terms of electric energy depends a lot on the efficiency of the thermal-to-electric energy conversion.

    With an efficiency of 33%, the final COP is 1:2 (10kwh input -> 60kwh heat -> 20kwh electricity)

    To reach a final COP of 1:3 the heat to electricity stage would have to have an efficiency of 50% (10kwh input -> 60kwh heat -> 30kwh electricity)

    Of course nothing prevents us from using the E-CAT to generate electricity AND heat. Even after the electricity generation there might be enough heat left to be usable for a lot of purposes (central heating, bath water, etc …)

  • Dear Andrea,

    Your plans to start produce electricity in near future is impressive. Maybe You have preliminary calculation or tests already done what will be COP of electric energy production?
    Is it possible to get electricity production COP more than 1:3 (E-cat take from grid 10 kwh and supply back 30 kwh) ?
    If series of E-cats will be connected according required order You could get 1000 Mwh with only 10 kw input ?
    Thank You. We wish You all the best !
    Gediminas

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Helmut H.:
    You are kind, but it’s time to think to work, work, work…
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Helmut H.:
    Honestly, I think nobody is interested to my life, nor will be. The only thing that counts, and the sole I am focused on, is that my plants work properly for our Customers.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear JPA USA:
    We are working very hard to fulfill the program you talk about. As I said, maybe in a couple of years we will be able to sell the domestic units. For the 1 MW ones we are already in the market and the price will be cut 50% soon, while the electric power will arrive faster than expected, thanks to the big work we are doing with our Customer.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • JPA USA

    DEAR MR. ROSSI,
    I HAVE BEEN FOLLOWING YOUR DISCOVERY SENSE JANUARY OF 2011 AND HAVE ORDERED THE HOME UNIT. I AM CONSTANTLY FIGHTING THE BATTLE BETWEEN PATIENCE AND PERSEVERANCE IN ANTICIPATION OF THE DAY THE E-CAT HOME UNIT IS AVAILABLE FOR INSTALLATION AT MY RESIDENCE. WINSTON CHURCHILL STATED THAT “It’s not enough that we do our best; sometimes we have to do what’s required”. I USE THIS QUOTE TO POINT OUT THE FACT THAT YOUR BEST HAS BEEN ALREADY OBTAINED BUT YOU BELIEVE THAT YOU HAVE TO DO BETTER THAN YOUR BEST; YOU HAVE TO DO WHAT EVER IS NECESSARY TO PERFECT THE E-CAT PERFORMANCE TO A HIGHER STANDARD OF OPERATION AND DEPENDABILITY.I DO BELIEVE YOU WILL PREVAIL.AS TO YOUR NAY SAYERS I MUST REMIND THEM THAT A PESSIMIST IS ONE WHO,WHEN HE HAS A CHOICE OF TWO EVILS,CHOOSES BOTH.I WOULD LIKE YOUR OPINION ON TWO QUESTIONS.

    THE FIRST–WHEN THE E-CAT IS READY FOR HOME USE,WHAT LEAD TIME WILL BE NECESSARY TO TRAIN THE TECHNICIANS FOR ITS INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE?

    THE SECOND–REALISTICALLY, AT WHAT POINT IN THE FUTURE DO YOU FORESEE THE HOME UNITS IN THE USA BEING AVAILABLE FOR INSTALLATION?

    I DO UNDERSTAND THAT A USA VENDER WILL BE NECESSARY FOR THIS TO HAPPEN,HOWEVER I HOPE THIS HAS BEEN AT LEAST DISCUSSED WITH THOSE RESPONSIBLE TO START THE SYNERGIES REQUIRED TO START THE PROCESS WHEN YOU ARE READY.

  • Congratulation!

    The biggest German online newspaper “Spiegel Online (SPON)” has a relatively balanced article about you! Finally!

    http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/technik/0,1518,801836,00.html (German)

    Google Translation (English):

    http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=de&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fwissenschaft%2Ftechnik%2F0%2C1518%2C801836%2C00.html

  • Helmut H.

    Dear Ing. Rossi,
    I know you are extremely busy, but have you already thought about writing memoirs at a later time? Maybe you haven’t recognized it yet, since you are so busy and yet too much involved, but you could become the man with the biggest invention of all times. Many people and later generations will become interested how everything came and to learn about your struggle and learn more about the man behind the invention. Therefore my suggestion would be, to use a dictaphone, to be able to reconstuct things at a later time easily.

    Very best regards,
    Helmut H.

Leave a Reply

You can use these HTML tags

<a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <s> <strike> <strong>