Cold nuclear fusion

by E.N. Tsyganov
(UA9 collaboration) University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center at Dallas, Texas, USA

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Abstract
Recent accelerator experiments on fusion of various elements have clearly demonstrated that the effective cross-sections of these reactions depend on what material the target particle is placed in. In these experiments, there was a significant increase in the probability of interaction when target nuclei are imbedded in a conducting crystal or are a part of it. These experiments open a new perspective on the problem of so-called cold nuclear fusion.

PACS.: 25.45 – deuterium induced reactions
Submitted to Physics of Atomic Nuclei/Yadernaya Fizika in Russian

Introduction
Experiments of Fleischmann and Pons made about 20 years ago [1], raised the question about the possibility of nuclear DD fusion at room temperature. Conflicting results of numerous experiments that followed, dampened the initial euphoria, and the scientific community quickly came to common belief, that the results of [1] are erroneous. One of the convincing arguments of skeptics was the lack in these experiments of evidence of nuclear decay products. It was assumed that “if there are no neutrons, therefore is no fusion.” However, quite a large international group of physicists, currently a total of about 100-150 people, continues to work in this direction. To date, these enthusiasts have accumulated considerable experience in the field. The leading group of physicists working in this direction, in our opinion, is the group led by Dr. M. McKubre [2]. Interesting results were also obtained in the group of Dr. Y. Arata [3]. Despite some setbacks with the repeatability of results, these researchers still believe in the existence of the effect of cold fusion, even though they do not fully understand its nature.  Some time ago we proposed a possible mechanism to explain the results of cold fusion of deuterium [4]. This work considered a possible mechanism of acceleration of deuterium contaminant atoms in the crystals through the interaction of atoms with long-wavelength lattice vibrations in deformed parts of the crystal. Estimates have shown that even if a very small portion of the impurity atoms (~105) get involved in this process and acquires a few keV energy, this will be sufficient to describe the energy released in experiments [2].  This work also hypothesized that the lifetime of the intermediate nucleus increases with decreasing energy of its excitation, so that so-called “radiation-less cooling” of the excited nucleus becomes possible. In [5], we set out a more detailed examination of the process.  Quite recently, a sharp increase of the probability of fusion of various elements was found in accelerator experiments for the cases when the target particles are either imbedded in a metal crystal or are a part of the conducting crystal. These experiments compel us to look afresh on the problem of cold fusion.

Recent experiments on fusion of elements on accelerators
For atom-atom collisions the expression of the probability of penetration through a Coulomb barrier for bare nuclei should be modified, because atomic electrons screen the repulsion effect of nuclear charge. Such a modification for the isolated atom collisions has been performed in H.J. Assenbaum and others [6] using static Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The experimental results that shed further light on this problem were obtained in relatively recent works C. Rolfs [7] and K. Czerski [8]. Review of earlier studies on this subject is contained in the work of L. Bogdanova [9]. In these studies a somewhat unusual phenomenon was observed: the sub-barrier fusion cross sections of elements depend strongly on the physical state of the matter in which these processes are taking place. Figure 1 (left) shows the experimental data [8], demonstrating the dependence of the astrophysical factor S(E) for the fusion of elements of sub-threshold nuclear reaction on the aggregate state of the matter that contains the target nucleus 7Li. The same figure (right) presents similar data [7] for the DD reaction, when the target nucleus was embedded in a zirconium crystal. It must be noted that the physical nature of the phenomenon of increasing cross synthesis of elements in the case where this process occurs in the conductor crystal lattice is still not completely clear.

Figure 1. Up – experimental data [8], showing the energy dependence of the S-factor for sub-threshold nuclear reaction on the aggregate state of matter that contains the nucleus 7Li.  Down – the similar data [7] for the reaction of DD, when the target nucleus is placed in a crystal of zirconium. The data are well described by the introduction of the screening potential of about 300 eV.

The phenomenon is apparently due to the strong anisotropy of the electrical fields of the crystal lattice in the presence of free conduction electrons. Data for zirconium crystals for the DD reactions can be well described by the introduction of the screening potential of about 300 eV. It is natural to assume that the corresponding distance between of two atoms of deuterium in these circumstances is less than the molecular size of deuterium. In the case of the screening potential of 300 eV, the distance of convergence of deuterium atoms is ~510ˆ12 m, which is about an order of magnitude smaller than the size of a molecule of deuterium, where the screening potential is 27 eV. As it turned out, the reaction rate for DD fusion in these conditions is quite sufficient to describe the experimental results of McKubre and others [2]. Below we present the calculation of the rate process similar to the mu-catalysis where, instead of the exchange interaction by the muon, the factor of bringing together two deuterons is the effect of conduction electrons and the lattice of the crystal.

Calculation of the DD fusion rate for “Metal-Crystal” catalysis
The expression for the cross section of synthesis in the collision of two nuclei can be written as

where for the DD fusion

Here the energy E is shown in keV in the center of mass. S(E) astrophysical factor (at low energies it can be considered constant), the factor 1/E reflects de Broglie dependence of cross section on energy. The main energy dependence of the fusion is contained in an expression

that determines the probability of penetration of the deuteron through the Coulomb barrier. From the above expressions, it is evident that in the case of DD collisions and in the case of DDμcatalysis, the physics of the processes is the same. We use this fact to determine the probability of DD fusion in the case of the “metal-crystalline” DD-catalysis.  In the case of DDμ- catalysis the size of the muon deuterium molecules (ion+) is ~5×10ˆ13m. Deuterium nuclei approach such a distance at a kinetic energy ~3 keV. Using the expression (1), we found that the ratio of σ(3.0 keV)/σ(0.3 keV) = 1.05×10ˆ16. It should be noted that for the free deuterium molecule this ratio [ σ(3.0keV)/σ(0.03keV)] is about 10ˆ73.  Experimental estimations of the fusion rate for the (DDμ)+ case presented in the paper by Hale [10]:

Thus, we obtain for the “metal-crystalline” catalysis DD fusion rate (for zirconium case):

Is this enough to explain the experiments on cold fusion? We suppose that a screening potential for palladium is about the same as for zirconium. 1 cmˆ3 (12.6 g) of palladium contains 6.0210ˆ23(12.6/106.4) = 0.710ˆ23 atoms. Fraction of crystalline cells with dual (or more) the number of deuterium atoms at a ratio of D: Pd ~1:1 is the case in the experiments [2] ~0.25 (e.g., for Poisson distribution). Crystal cell containing deuterium atoms 0 or 1, in the sense of a fusion reaction, we consider as “passive”. Thus, the number of “active” deuterium cells in 1 cmˆ3 of palladium is equal to 1.810ˆ22. In this case, in a 1 cmˆ3 of palladium the reaction rate will be

this corresponds to the energy release of about 3 kW. This is quite sufficient to explain the results of McKubre group [2]. Most promising version for practical applications would be Platinum (Pt) crystals, where the screening potential for d(d,p)t fusion at room temperature is about 675 eV [11]. In this case, DD fusion rate would be:

The problem of “nonradiative” release of nuclear fusion energy
As we have already noted, the virtual absence of conventional nuclear decay products of the compound nucleus was widely regarded as one of the paradoxes of DD fusion with the formation of 4He in the experiments [2]. We proposed the explanation of this paradox in [4]. We believe that after penetration through the Coulomb barrier at low energies and the materialization of the two deuterons in a potential well, these deuterons retain their identity for some time. This time defines the frequency of further nuclear reactions. Figure 2 schematically illustrates the mechanism of this process. After penetration into the compound nucleus at a very low energy, the deuterons happen to be in a quasi-stabile state seating in the opposite potential wells. In principle, this system is a dual “electromagnetic-nuclear” oscillator. In this oscillator the total kinetic energy of the deuteron turns into potential energy of the oscillator, and vice versa. In the case of very low-energy, the amplitude of oscillations is small, and the reactions with nucleon exchange are suppressed.

Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of the mechanism of the nuclear decay frequency dependence on the compound nucleus 4He* excitation energy for the merging deuterons is presented. The diagram illustrates the shape of the potential well of the compound nucleus. The edges of the potential well are defined by the strong interaction, the dependence at short distances  Coulomb repulsion.

The lifetime of the excited 4He* nucleus can be considered in the formalism of the usual radioactive decay. In this case,


Here ν is the decay frequency, i.e., the reciprocal of the decay time τ. According to our hypothesis, the decay rate is a function of excitation energy of the compound nucleus E. Approximating with the first two terms of the polynomial expansion, we have:

Here ν° is the decay frequency at asymptotically low excitation energy. According to quantum-mechanical considerations, the wave functions of deuterons do not completely disappear with decreasing energy, as illustrated by the introduction of the term ν°. The second term of the expansion describes the linear dependence of the frequency decay on the excitation energy. The characteristic nuclear frequency is usually about 10ˆ22  sˆ-1. In fusion reaction D+D4He there is a broad resonance at an energy around 8 MeV. Simple estimates by the width of the resonance and the uncertainty relation gives a lifetime of the intermediate state of about 0.810ˆ22 s. The “nuclear” reaction rate falls approximately linearly with decreasing energy. Apparently, a group of McKubre [2] operates in an effective energy range below 2 keV in the c.m.s. Thus, in these experiments, the excitation energy is at least 4×10ˆ3 times less than in the resonance region. We assume that the rate of nuclear decay is that many times smaller. The corresponding lifetime is less than 0.3×10ˆ18 s. This fall in the nuclear reaction rate has little effect on the ratio of output decay channels of the compound nucleus, but down to a certain limit. This limit is about 6 keV. A compound nucleus at this energy is no longer an isolated system, since virtual photons from the 4He* can reach to the nearest electron and carry the excitation energy of the compound nucleus. The total angular momentum carried by the virtual photons can be zero, so this process is not prohibited. For the distance to the nearest electron, we chose the radius of the electrons in the helium atom (3.1×10ˆ11 m). From the uncertainty relations, duration of this process is about 10ˆ-19 seconds. In the case of “metal-crystalline” catalysis the distance to the nearest electrons can be significantly less and the process of dissipation of energy will go faster. It is assumed that after an exchange of multiple virtual photons with the electrons of the environment the relatively small excitation energy of compound nucleus 4He* vanishes, and the frequency of the compound nucleus decaying with the emission of nucleons will be determined only by the term ν°. For convenience, we assume that this value is no more than 10ˆ12-10ˆ14 per second. In this case, the serial exchange of virtual photons with the electrons of the environment in a time of about 10ˆ-16 will lead to the loss of ~4 MeV from the compound nucleus (after which decays with emission of nucleons are energetically forbidden), and then additional exchange will lead to the loss of all of the free energy of the compound nucleus (24 MeV) and finally the nucleus will be in the 4He ground state.  The energy dissipation mechanism of the compound nucleus 4He* with virtual photons, discussed above, naturally raises the question of the electromagnetic-nuclear structure of the excited compound nucleus.

Fig. 3. Possible energy diagram of the excited 4He* nucleus is presented.

Figure 3 represents a possible energy structure of the excited 4He* nucleus and changes of its spatial configuration in the process of releasing of excitation energy. Investigation of this process might be useful to study the quark-gluon dynamics and the structure of the nucleus.

Discussion
Perhaps, in this long-standing history of cold fusion, finally the mystery of this curious and enigmatic phenomenon is gradually being opened. Besides possible benefits that the practical application of this discovery will bring, the scientific community should take into account the sociological lessons that we have gained during such a long ordeal of rejection of this brilliant, though largely accidental, scientific discovery. We would like to express the special appreciation to the scientists that actively resisted the negative verdict imposed about twenty years ago on this topic by the vast majority of nuclear physicists.

Acknowledgements
The author thanks Prof. S.B. Dabagov, Dr. M. McKubre, Dr. F. Tanzela, Dr. V.A. Kuzmin, Prof. L.N. Bogdanova and Prof. T.V. Tetereva for help and valuable discussions. The author is grateful to Prof. V.G. Kadyshevsky, Prof. V.A. Rubakov, Prof. S.S. Gershtein, Prof. V.V. Belyaev, Prof. N.E. Tyurin, Prof. V.L. Aksenov, Prof. V.M. Samsonov, Prof. I.M. Gramenitsky, Prof. A.G. Olshevsky, Prof. V.G. Baryshevsky for their help and useful advice. I am grateful to Dr. VM. Golovatyuk, Prof. M.D. Bavizhev, Dr. N.I. Zimin, Prof. A.M. Taratin for their continued support. I am also grateful to Prof. A. Tollestrup, Prof. U. Amaldi, Prof. W. Scandale, Prof. A. Seiden, Prof. R. Carrigan, Prof. A. Korol, Prof. J. Hauptmann, Prof. V. Guidi, Prof. F. Sauli, Prof. G. Mitselmakher, Prof. A. Takahashi, and Prof. X. Artru for stimulating feedback. Continued support in this process was provided with my colleagues and the leadership of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, and I am especially grateful to Prof. R. Parkey, Prof. N. Rofsky, Prof. J. Anderson and Prof. G. Arbique. I express special thanks to my wife, N.A. Tsyganova for her stimulating ideas and uncompromising support.

References
1. M. Fleischmann, S. Pons, M. W. Anderson, L. J. Li, M. Hawkins, J. Electro anal. Chem. 287, 293 (1990).
2. M. C. H. McKubre, F. Tanzella, P. Tripodi, and P. Haglestein, In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000, Lerici (La Spezia), Ed. F. Scaramuzzi, (Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy, 2001), p 3; M. C. H. McKubre, In Condensed Matter Nuclear Science: Proceedings Of The 10th International Conference On Cold Fusion;  Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 21-29 August, 2003, Ed by P. L. Hagelstein and S. R. Chubb, (World Sci., Singapore, 2006). M. C. H. McKubre, “Review of experimental measurements involving dd reactions”, Presented at the Short Course on LENR for ICCF-10, August 25, 2003.
3. Y. Arata, Y. Zhang, “The special report on research project for creation of new energy”, J. High Temp. Soc. (1) (2008).
4. E. Tsyganov, in Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 2010, Vol. 73, No. 12, pp. 1981–1989. Original Russian text published in Yadernaya Fizika, 2010, Vol. 73, No. 12, pp. 2036–2044.
5. E.N. Tsyganov, “The mechanism of DD fusion in crystals”, submitted to IL NUOVO CIMENTO 34 (4-5) (2011), in Proceedings of the International Conference Channeling 2010 in Ferrara, Italy, October 3-8 2010.
6. H.J. Assenbaum, K. Langanke and C. Rolfs, Z. Phys. A – Atomic Nuclei 327, p. 461-468 (1987).
7. C. Rolfs, “Enhanced Electron Screening in Metals: A Plasma of the Poor Man”, Nuclear Physics News, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2006.
8. A. Huke, K. Czerski, P. Heide, G. Ruprecht, N. Targosz, and W. Zebrowski, “Enhancement of deuteron-fusion reactions in metals and experimental implications”, PHYSICAL REVIEW C 78, 015803 (2008).
9. L.N. Bogdanova, Proceedings of International Conference on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Topics, Dubna, June 18–21, 2007, published by JINR, E4, 15-2008-70, p. 285-293
10. G.M. Hale, “Nuclear physics of the muon catalyzed d+d reactions”, Muon Catalyzed Fusion 5/6 (1990/91) p. 227-232.
11. F. Raiola (for the LUNA Collaboration), B. Burchard, Z. Fulop, et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.31, 1141 (2005); Eur. Phys. J. A 27, s01, 79 (2006).

by E.N. Tsyganov
(UA9 collaboration) University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center at Dallas, Texas, USA

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3,558 comments to Cold nuclear fusion

  • Charlie Sutherland

    Andrea,

    Glad to see I’m still on your list. We are looking to power up our new facilities with alternative energy, and you continue to be on our list as well.

    Did you ever get the information you needed on Sterling Engines? I’m 77 now, and I still have my old old Cessna in need of a good reliable engine for my Atlantic Crossing before I croak. 🙂

    Charlie

  • Andrea Rossi

    Charlie Sutherland:
    You are already.
    Warm Regards
    A.R.

  • Charlie Sutherland

    Howdy,

    Congratulations on your upcoming demonstration. I couldn’t find your sign up sheet for the Home Cat, so I decided to start where I left off a Year or so ago.

    So, sign me up for one of your Home Cats. I probably am already on your list, but I would like to make sure.

    All the best,

    Charlie

  • Carin Darsch

    Does anybody know how is going on the trial Rossi Vs Darden?
    Carin

  • Andrea Rossi

    Luis Navarro:
    Thank you to you and to Sifferkoll.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Luis Navarro

    Dear Mr. Rossi,

    I have just read the court documents published by Sifferkoll.

    It is very simple! WITH YOU ALL THE WAY!!

    Best wishes as always,

    Luis Navarro

  • Andrea Rossi

    Ilir Mehmetaj:
    I’ll see what I can do.
    Thank you for your attention,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Ilir Mehmetaj

    Dear Dr.Rossi
    Is possible to show us prematurely a live video from E-cat? To warm our Heart till we can buy your Produkt :)Anything you want without to show your professional secrets. You are now part of our Human History so please let us be part of your triumph 🙂
    Best regards
    Ilir M.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Jackson Alexidor:
    We will make possible that the E-Cat will be paid back after one year with the money saved respect normal consumes. This is our target. F9.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Jackson Alexidor

    Dear Andrea:
    Can you give an idea of the price that the domestic E-Cat could have?
    Jackson

  • Andrea Rossi

    Charlie Sutherland:
    We are working at the maximum of our possibilities.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Dear Andrea,

    All jokes aside, I absolutely understand the path you and your team are following. But, I’m nearly 75, and I just want to see this thing of yours working before I croak.

    Your necessary deliberate pace gives me more anxiety than my soaring in hazy weather did last week when I couldn’t find the field. Good thing I saw the tow plane make her approach. Whew!

    Charlie

  • Andrea Rossi

    Charlie Sutherland:
    Thanks, but I wil NEVER propose to anybody, but me, to make the part of a Guinea pig. I never made boxing with the face of the others. This also is the reason why we will never put in commerce an item without all the due safety certification. I say “we” because my Team is on the same page.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Dr. Andrea,

    Of course, I’m joking. I believe you need a light moment once in a while. The black box comment was to indicate I wanted you to keep your secrets. I think you are further along than you indicate, so I am beginning to get more interested.

    Rules for commercial and general aviation are different for those of us in EAA (Experimental Aviation Association). Our planes carry the placard, “EXPERIMENTAL” to fit that category. If you ever reach a point where you could use a guinea pig or two, you can easily and legally find one in our ranks. By the way, Sterling engines, though slow to get up to full power, do not suffer power losses with increasing altitudes but become more efficient in the cooler upper air. Jets are more efficient than piston engines at higher altitudes but not as good as the Sterlings.

    This is all in fun, but I can get serious rather quickly. Thanks for indulging me,

    Hope you had a good fourth of July,

    Charlie

  • Andrea Rossi

    Charlie Sutherland:
    I think you are joking. Obviously we do not give to anybody any “black box” for obvious reasons connected with the IP protection, nor it is thinkable to make an aeroplane fly with an E-Cat before a specific technology has been developed and a safety certification is obtained for that specific use ( consider at least 20 years to be waited for).
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Dear Andrea,

    All I need from you is a couple of redundant new powerful hot cats you locked in a secret “black box” to power a single sterling engine that I hope to design and install in my old ’64 Cessna 172E for it’s non-stop trip from a field here in NC to Paris or anywhere you want in Europe. I’ll only need about 100hp at the prop. That demonstration would necessarily be short lived and would get a lot more attention than a year long run at a mfg plant. If the hot cats need any fuel at all the fuel tanks will be at your service. I’ll give you the plane when I’m through with it.

    Charlie

  • Andrea Rossi

    Charlie Sutherland:
    No.
    Warm Regards
    A.R.

  • Dr Rossi:
    Will you attend meetings with Airbus?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Charlie Sutherland:
    Thank you for your kind attention.
    6.30 p.m., I am starting my working shift of today/tomorrow.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Thanks for the “Welcome Back!”

    I’ve been keeping up with your progress.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Peggy Herein:
    I can only disclose the more logic and simple, because the others are bound to confidential issues: with the stethoscope I can hear clearly the intensity of the boiling process in all the points between the reactor and the heat exchanger, to check that the heat exchange is uniform or if there are weak points. This is easy and direct. Other things are more complicated. In general, through the stethoscope She talks to my instinct; it does not substitute the data control gauges, of course, but helps to understand what is coming next while the data gauges say that everything is all right; the gauges speak to the brain, the stethoscope speaks to the guts.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Peggy Hearin

    Dear Andrea:
    Can you explain some of the data that you can understand with the stethoscope ?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Charlie Sutherland:
    Welcome back!
    Yes, maybe so.
    This is an issue of our global R&D, even if I must tell you that we still have to find a manufacturer able to supply reliable, off the shelf Sterling Engines. We have only found, so far, prototypes and conceptual proposals too green to be useful for us to buy them; none of them has a price that can make sense in our specific situation. The Hot Cat is able to make high temperature steam, this is a fact.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Could your higher power hot cats conceivably drive Sterling engines sufficiently to directly power wheels or propellers?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Christopher:
    I sent the paper for voluntary peer reviewing to 8 Professors of Physics in Universities of USA, Sweden, Italy, because the paper is very engaging ( for me). As soon as I will receive all the reviewings I will publish it on the Journal of Nuclear Physics.
    I gave the paper to review to the Professors about a month ago and I expect it back corrected by a couple of weeks more.
    Then, the cases are two: either the reviewers will say that the paper is not worth a publication, and in this case I will scratch it, or it will be published in July.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Christopher

    Dr Rossi:
    What about your new paper? Is it ready for publication? Where will it be published ? I am a teacher of Physics and I can tell you there is curiosity about what you are going to write after the Cook-Rossi paper.
    Cheers,
    Christopher

  • Andrea Rossi

    Jacqueline:
    Yes, when the temperature raises up to very high values ( above 1100°C) the charges have strong problems, of which obviously I cannot give details; they have to be properly treated. We spent thousands of hours working on this particular issue. The treatment of the charges and their blend is very sophisticated and complex. As I always said, the E-Cat is a very complicated thing, born by a tremendous amount of work, specially if you want to make an apparatus that works productively 24/7 for years. For this reason we still are in a situation in which we must say that at the end of this period of tests and R&D the results could be either positive or negative.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Jacqueline

    Dear Andrea:
    yesterday in a comment you said that at high temperature the charges can have problems: can you say anything more?
    Jacqueline

  • Andrea Rossi

    I met him on Skype, from inside the 1MW E-Cat in operation, while he was in Italy during the ICCF, but I did not meet him personally, yet; I surely will meet him when I will visit Moscow and St Petersburg, after the end of the tests on course, in 2016.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Valerrra

    Dear Dr Andrea Rossi:
    Did you ever meet personally Dr Alexander Parkhomov ?

  • Andrea Rossi

    u6atmds213:
    From your name I understand you are an extraterrestrial: this explains why you are not against LENR. ( Joking).
    I am delighted to read what you write.
    During these nights inside the 1 MW E-Cat I am working much on mathematics and I wrote a draft-paper about the fact that I calculated how Coulombian barriers are overcame by means of the Mossbauer effect, or, more properly, by the “reverse” Mossbauer effect. The numbers got from the equations sustain this fact. Maybe I made mistakes, so I sent the paper to specialists to review the maths. So far it holds its position. If you want to review the paper, please contact me, I will send you it for reviewing. Note: it is not a publication, so far, just a platform of calculations to be verified and discussed about privately, with knowledge of the fact that it could be simply a wrong model. I want to learn.
    My contact: info@leonardocorp1996.com
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.
    p.s. I fortunately recovered your comment from the spam, where has been sent improperly from the robot ( maybe because of the extaterrestrial origin): next time please send your comments also to my private contact.

  • u6atmds2l3

    Dr Rossi:
    I am a PhD in Physics and I was a staunch foe against you and the LENR in general; I also wrote several comments against you, because I was convinced that LENR are impossible due to the Coulombian barriers. I am a researcher in an important European lab. I cannot reveal who I am, for the time being, but I just want you to know that after the Lugano test, after the replications that have been made not only from the Russian scientist Alexander Parkhomov, but also very recently from European scientists (are not just voices and I am not a ghostbuster), after the paper you wrote together with Prof Norman Cook, I am changing my mind, as well as many colleagues of mine are. Just want you to know this. The mainstream scientists are changing their mind in your favour, as a consequence of your enormous work, at least admitting now that LENR are worth to be investigated seriously, not just trashed after the mantra, as you called it ” LENR are impossible because barred by the Coulombian forces”.
    So, go ahead with your great work, we are looking at you with real interest.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Eduardmag:
    Thank you for your kind words; about your products: a translation in English could help!
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Dr Rossi:
    Congratulations for your important achievements: you are changing the world.
    Please take a look to our production and see if it can be useful for you.
    Regards,
    Eduard

  • Andrea Rossi

    Maximina Ilagan:
    Thank you for the very interesting information.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Mr Rossi:
    The Russian scientist Alexander Parkhomov today has replicated LIVE your effect, getting COP >3 !

  • Andrea Rossi

    Pedro Griffis:
    Surely not before the end of the tests and R&D on course with the 1 MW E-Cat. It is difficult to give an answer now, but we are working on it. The problems are:
    1- safety certification
    2- mass production to make pointless reverse engineering
    3- completion of the R&D on course on this specific model
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • When do you think your domestic product will be for sale ?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Stewart Dahlquist:
    It is very premature to talk about this issue, because the application is well alive. Obviously we are convinced that there are many errors and also a good slice of bias in the text of the refusal, but we have 60 days to appeal. My Attorney says we have wide room for a very strong appeal, also because in the text of the action there are evident mistakes. We believe we will arrive to a positive result.
    This said, it is totally premature to speak about this issue. Anyway, we can get the patent or not, but in either case our commercial strategy will not change. With a massive production we will make useless the reverse engineering. Obviously, a patent could make easier for us to give more information, because without a granted patent we must count only on the industrial secret for the time being before the mass production.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Dear Dr Rossi Andrea:
    About the action of the USPTO what is your position ? Can you make a statement in this blog?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Charlie Sutherland:
    Thank you
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Dear Andrea,

    I really liked your answer to David Kaiser. Gift to mankind, eh? I thought you handled that very nicely.

    God’s Speed, Andrea Rossi,

    Charlie Sutherland
    PS: Protecting IP is difficult even for me, and I just make soap.

  • M. Smith

    “Quite recently, a sharp increase of the probability of fusion of various elements was found in accelerator experiments for the cases when the target particles are either imbedded in a metal crystal or are a part of the conducting crystal”
    This is an interesting finding, as well as the common technique in LENR devices of using high surface area powders or sponges, as it amplifies findings in a very different area of “wierd science” called torsion research. Shpilman and other torsion scientists in Russia found that some anisotropic magnetic substances like ferrite (or nickel powder perhaps?) emit “torsion” waves under electrical, magnetic, or rotational stresses. These are radio waves with very odd characteristics, like the capability of promoting transmutation. Sue Benford credibly validated Shpilmans torsion devices as having transmuting effects on silver halide films.
    http://www.journaloftheoretics.com/articles/4-1/Benford-axion.htm
    Radio waves are already used in NMR spectroscopy, along with magnetic fields (which cause precession of the nucleic spins) to alter spin states of nuclei.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance
    It isn’t that much of a stretch, at least to me, to assume that the radio waves that nuclei emit could have additional vectors which affect the strong or weak forces.
    Also, you have the wonderful coincidence of anisotropic (layered, discontinuous) magnetic or diamagnetic substances with the Orgone devices of Wilhelm Reich and others.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Andreino:
    I am referring to the work of Brian Ahern.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • andreino

    Dear Dr. Rossi,
    recently you said that one of you competitor has replicated a lenr device.
    Is that one much more similar to the e-cat or the hot cat or something else? Are the COP similar ?

    Thank you

  • Andrea Rossi

    Charlie Sutherland:
    I am not involved in commercial issues.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • I’m sure that the governments and other energy hoarders are quaking in their boots.

    I admit that China is a good place to start, but their government is as vulnerable to change as those with conventional energy supplies.

  • I hope what I just heard is confirmed. If so, a hardy congratulations!!
    I’m very glad my business is making laundry detergent. No matter how little pollution the world continues to produce, folks will still manage to get dirty.

    Charlie

  • The Wright Brothers took years after their first flight to make a public display their world changing invention. If you actually have something, you must know it will have a greater effect on our world than a mere aeroplane, and your name will describe a new age. Then again, if you have nothing to show after all these months, you must know your name will have other connotations.

    I’m glad I have other things to think about.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Charlie Sutherland:
    Thank you, but remind that we are still waiting for results that could be positive, but also negative.
    Warm Regards
    A.R.

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