by Wladimir Guglinski Mechanical Engineer graduated in the Escola de Engenharia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais- UFMG, (Brazil), 1973 author of the book Quantum Ring Theory-Foundations for Cold Fusion, published in 200
Abstract
A new model of the neutron n=p+s is proposed, where s is the selectron, a particle postulated by the Supersymmetry. The model n=p+s belongs to the author’s “Quantum Ring Theory-Foundations for Cold Fusion”, which is composed by 26 papers published in a book form in 2006 by the Bauu Institute Press.
The Nuclear Physics works with two models of the neutron. The Yukawa’s model has several disadvantages (the most grave is the violation of the mass-energy conservation, although the theorists tried to justify it through the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle), because his model cannot explain some phenomena. The quark model (d,u,d) also cannot explain other sort of phenomena, and then the theorists use the two models, sometimes they use the Yukawa’s model, and sometimes they use the quark model. However, they are two incompatible models, and it is difficult to believe that Nature works through the use of two incompatible models for the production of phenomena.
The old Rutherford’s model of neutron has been abandoned by the theorists because it seems that it cannot be reconciled with some principles of Quantum Mechanics. Nevertheless, herein it is shown that Rutherford’s model can be reconciled with the principles of QM when we introduce the hypothesis of the helical trajectory.
Keywords: new version n=p+s of Rutherford’s neutron, Borghi and Conte-Pieralice experiments, Natarajan’s helical trajectory incorporated to n=p+s, Borghi and Conte-Pieralice experiments suggesting a new Planck’s gravitational constant, deuteron’s quadrupole moment, neutron’s magnetic moment, deuteron’s magnetic moment.
Introduction
This paper was submitted to several peer reviewed journals of Nuclear Physics. All they rejected it. In the last journal, the referee rejected it by claiming that a neutron cannot be formed by one proton and one selectron because the energy required to form a selectron is of about 20GeV. However, 20GeV is the energy required from the current theories, which do not consider the helical trajectory of the electron. So, a neutron formed by proton and selectron is impossible when it is considered by the current Nuclear Physics, but it is not impossible if we consider a model of electron with helical trajectory.
The model of neutron proposed in the Quantum Ring Theory does not violate the Fermi-Dirac statistics, as it is explained as follows:
- In the present theory it is proposed that the elementary particles move through a helical trajectory (HT).
- In the author’s paper [1], numbered No. 4 in his book, it is shown that the HT has a property named Zoom-effect, according which the radius of the HT decreases with the growth of the velocity of the particle. When the velocity is near to the velocity c of light, the radius of the HT tends to zero (which means that when an electron moves with relativistic speed, its motion approaches to a classical trajectory in the sense of Newton).
- In the author’s paper [2], numbered No. 5 in his book, it is proposed that the spin of the particles (in the sense of quantum theory) is a result of the intrinsic spin of the particle combined with the rotation of the particle about the line center of its HT.
- So, as due to the Zoom-effect an electron with relativistic speed does not move through the HT, then an electron with relativistic speed becomes a boson, because it loses its quantum spin (which is a property of the HT, which vanished with the relativistic motion).
- In the present paper it is calculated the velocity of the electron about a proton, within the structure of the neutron. Its velocity is 92% of the light speed, which means that within the neutron’s structure the electron becomes a boson.
- In the Supersymmetry it is postulated the existence of a particle with the same mass and charge of the electron, but with a null spin. They call it selectron.
- So, we can consider that in the present theory the structure of the neutron actually is n=p+s, that is, the neutron is formed by one proton and one selectron. Therefore the neutron actually is structured by one fermion (the proton) and one boson (the selectron).
- Then we realize that it is vanished the most grave restriction against the neutron formed by proton and electron, because now we can consider that the electron becomes a selectron within the neutron’s structure. Thereby such new structure fits to Fermi-Dirac’s statistics, since in the new model n=p+s the neutron is formed by a fermion combined with a boson.
So, as from the model of neutron n=p+s there is no violation of Fermi-Dirac statistics, and since the other restrictions against n=p+s are eliminated in the present paper, then the theorists have no reason anymore for rejecting a model of neutron formed by one proton and one selectron.
The mechanism according which an electron becomes a selectron within the structure n=p+s has been named “spin-fusion” in the author’s theory. Any lepton is subjected to be tied to a quark through the spin-fusion mechanism (within a structure with quark-lepton interaction we would rename the lepton by calling it “selepton”, which spin is zero).
A theoretical quark model of neutron n = (u,d,u-s) has been proposed by the author in a paper published by the Journal of New Energy [3], where it was shown that several paradoxes of Physics can be eliminated through the adoption of the new model. As for example:
- From the proposal of the “spin-fusion” phenomenon the cause is found for the violation of the parity in beta-decay. NOTE: The spin-fusion mechanism is proposed in the author’s paper “Stern-Gerlach Experiment and the Helical Trajectory”[2], and it is based on the property of the helical trajectory of the elementary particles, as proposed in the author’s paper “Fundamental Requirements for the Proposal of a New Hydrogen Atom”[1].
- From the new comprehension of the cause of violation of the parity, it is possible to propose a new interpretation for the temporal reversion (an interpretation of Christenson’s discovery concerning the decay of some pions), in order that it is possible to eliminate the very strange hypothesis of temporal reversion in physics.
The new model of neutron (u,d,u-s) can also supply theoretical backgrounds for the explanation of several questions arisen from new experimental findings, as we may mention for instance:
- a) Taleyarkhan[4] experiment cannot be explained from the old concepts of Quantum Mechanics, since the Suslick-Didenko[5] experiment has shown that the greatest portion of the energy of the sonoluminescence phenomenon is wasted in chemical reactions, and therefore the remaining energy is unable to yield hot nuclear reactions.
- b) New astronomical observations [6], described in the journal Nature, are suggesting that Planck’s constant can have variation. Such a hypothesis implies the breakdown of Quantum Mechanics, unless we show that for distances shorter than 2fm there are non-Coulombic interactions performed through a new sort of Planck’s constant, which nature is gravitational.
Before the acceptance of the model n=p+s by the scientists, there are several questions to be answered. Obviously the theoretical restrictions against the model n=p+e can also be applied to the model n=p+s (excluding the Fermi-Dirac statistics, as already explained before). So, let us remember what are the restrictions against the model n=p+e.
One of the solutions proposed herein is concerning the anomalous mass of the neutron.
The repose mass of the proton and electron are:
Proton: mP = 938.3 MeV/c²
Electron: me = 0.511MeV/c²
Total mass: mT = 938.811MeV/c²
A structure of the neutron n = p+e would have to have a mass mN < 938.811 MeV/c², since there is a loss of mass. However, it is known by experiments that neutron’s mass is mN = 939.6MeV/c². This fact is one of the stronger reasons why the majority of the physicists do not accept the model n=p+e, although several experiments have shown that neutron structure is indeed n=p+e. So, herein we will show why the neutron with structure n = p+e has such an anomalous mass mN>mp+me.
Another restriction against the model n = p+e comes from the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle: such a model requires a force with magnitude 10³ stronger than the strong nuclear force, in order to keep the electron in the nuclei. Herein we propose a solution able to eliminate such a restriction.
Considering the model n = p+e, the paper also exhibits the theoretical calculation for:
a) the magnetic moment of the neutron
b) the electric quadrupole moment of the deuteron
c) the magnetic moment of the deuteron
NOTES:
- The helical trajectory of the elementary particles was proposed by Natarajan[7]. According to his proposal, “When we consider a particle at rest in the laboratory frame, it has no external motion (vCX = 0). The internal velocity, however, is given by vIN= c (Postulate 4). On the other hand, if the particle is observed to be moving with a uniform velocity v in the laboratory (vCX = v), then vIN should be vIN = (c² – v²)½ so that the result of these two velocities is still c (Postulate 3 and 4).”
- The helical trajectory appears in the Dirac’s theory of the electron. In their book[8] Lindsay and Margenau say: “The only possible resolution of this apparent paradox is to assume that the electron performs, in a classical sense, a rapidly periodic movement with the speed of light, while it progresses uniformly along x in conformity with (12). Schrödinger was the first to point out this peculiar trembling motion; its actual significance is not clearly understood”.
- There is not any similar theory in the world. The reason is obvious: all the attempts of other theorists are made by considering the fundamental principles of quantum theory. Nobody tries a model with a corpuscular electron, because all they consider that a corpuscular electron is incompatible with the Schrödinger’s Equation.
Unlike, within the neutron’s structure proposed here the electron is a corpuscular particle that moves through the helical trajectory, and so there is not any model of neutron similar to this model proposed herein.
OBS: in the author’s paper [1] it is shown that a corpuscular electron that moves through the helical trajectory is compatible with the Schrödinger Equation. This is the reason why the author can propose a model of neutron n=p+e where the electron is corpuscular, but other authors cannot do it.
Dr. Rugero Santilli and Dr. Elio Conte have proposed a model of neutron n=p+e, but in their theory the electron is not corpuscular. Their models are unable to explain fundamental questions that arrive when we try to propose a model n=p+e, as for example the violation of Fermi-Dirac statistics, the anomalous mass of the neutron, the magnitude of the neutron’s magnetic moment (it would have to be in the same order of the electron’s magnetic moment). These questions are explained from the model n=p+s.
Anomalous uncertainly principle
According to current Particle Physics, the structure of the pion po is (d,d’), where d is a quark (d)–1/3 and d’ is its antiparticle (d’)+1/3. The pion po can have two sorts of decays:
χº → γ + γ
χº → e+ + e- + proton (1)
The time decay has the order of 10ˆ-15s.
Let us calculate the binding energy necessary to pack together these two quarks d and d’, considering the following:
a) The quarks have a mass approximately 1/2000 of the proton’s mass
b) The Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle Δx.Δp ~ h (2)
Consider the two quarks d and d’ into a rectangular well with a radius “a,” where “a” is the distance between the two quarks into the structure of the pion χº, in order that the uncertainty in the value of position is Δx ~ a. From Eq. (2) the smallest possible value of Δp is given approximately by Δp~h/a. So, the quarks placed in the potential well of radius a≤1fm would have kinetic energies, at least in the order of magnitude
T ~ Δp²/2µπ ~ h²/mπ.a² ~ 80GeV (3)
where µπ = mπ/2 is the reduced mass of each quark.
Let us expound the matter in another more precise way, by considering the conditions necessary for the appearance of a standing wave. For the rectangular potential well of the radius a, this condition is:
2a = λ/2 (4)
where λ is the de Broglie wavelength. Substituting λ = h/p , we have
2a = h/2p = h/2(2µπ T)½ = h/2(mπ T)½ (5)
where T is kinetic energy of the quark in the well. From Eq. (5), with a ≤1fm, we have
T = π²2h²/4mπa² ≥ 180 GeV (6)
Since the two quarks are into the potential well along a time with the order of 10ˆ–15s, it is necessary a depth of a well Uπ , as follows
Uπ = T = 180 GeV (7)
Let us compare it with the depth of potential well UN of deuteron nuclei, since we know that into the deuteron the proton and neutron are tied by the strong force. The depth of the well UN is:
UN = 40 MeV (8)
There are two experiments where the model n = p+e has been obtained.
- On one side, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle Δx.Δp ~ h imply that it is impossible a structure n=p+e.
- On the other side, two experiments are showing that n=p+e is the structure used by the Nature.
- We keep the relation Δx.Δp ~ h, and it means that we must reject the experiments. This is a betrayal to the scientific method.
- We keep the experiments, and this implies that we must analyze what happens with Heinsenberg’s uncertainty principle into potential wells with a≤1fm, because we must realize that something unknown by the physicists happens into regions with a≤1fm.
Magnetic moment of the electron is by three orders of magnitude larger than that of the neutron. So, at first glance, it seems that the neutron could not be performed by the structure n= p+e. However, as is shown in the author’s other paper [7] , the magnetic moment of the electron depends on its helical trajectory into the electrosphere of the atom. In another paper [8] , the author shows that the radius of the helical trajectory has vanished when the electron’s speed approaches light speed c. So, in the structure n=p+e the electron’s speed is 0.92c , as we will calculate herein, then into the neutron the electron loses its helical trajectory, and by consequence its magnetic moment into the neutron is very small, justifying the present theoretical calculation for the neutron’s magnetic moment.
b) The m of neutron will be : mNEUTRON = mPROTON + mSPIRAL
- Spiral’s radius – we can get it from electron’s orbit about two protons , starting from the electric quadrupole moment Q(b) of deuteron. From experiments, Q(b) = + 2.7×10ˆ–31m² , and from here we will get the radius R of the spiral.
- Electron’s speed – we can get it from Kurie’s graphic for beta-decay of neutron.
We will need proton’s radius with more accuracy than Nuclear Theory can give us. And we will get it from recent interpretations about recent experiments. From Nuclear Theory, we know two important facts about the nucleus:
- 1st fact – protons and neutrons have the same distribution into the nuclei. This conclusion had been inferred from interpretation about the empirical equation shown in the Fig. 1.
- 2nd fact – from the empirical equation, the physicists also concluded that all the nuclei have the same shell thickness “2b” = 2 x 0.55F = 1.1F
Let us remember a theoretical calculation of electric quadrupole moment Q(b) used by Nuclear Theory.
Let’s apply this sort of considerations to the model of 1H2 shown in the Fig. 4, with one electron turning about two protons.
Electron’s speed
We will get electron’s speed from the neutron’s beta-decay (Fig. 9).
The proton has µ = +2.7896mn , and then the magnetic dipole moment of neutron will be:
- The radius R= 0.26F has been obtained from the calculation of electric quadrupole moment, and therefore it is necessary to consider an external radius due to the electron’s orbit around the proton,
Rext = 0.26F (34)
because the external radius is responsible by the measurement of Q(b). - In the spiral’s area responsible by the magnetic dipole moment, it is necessary to consider the internal spiral’s radius,
Rint = Rext – Φe (Φe = electron’s diameter) (35)
because the “internal area” of the spiral produces the flux of magnetic dipole moment.
The experiments already detected electron’s radius, which magnitude is smaller than 10ˆ-16m , and also proton’s radius, in order of 10ˆ-15m . Therefore, we can conclude that the density of their masses is approximately the same, because the relation between their masses is:
The proton has µρ = +2.7896µn, and the neutron has µN = -1.9103mn. Then let us see what magnetic moment for the deuteron we would have to expect from the current theories of Physics.
- From Yukawa’s model, as the meson has oscillatory motion between the proton and the neutron, it cannot produce any additional magnetic moment. Therefore from Yukawa’s model the magnetic moment of deuteron would have to be mD = +2.7896µn – 1.9103µn = + 0.8793µn.
- From the model of Particle Physics (u,d,u)(d,u,d) there is no reason why an additional magnetic moment can be created. Then we also would have to expect µD = +0.8793µn.
- There are two protons each one with mp= +2.7896µn.
- We already obtained spiral’s µS= -4.783µn. But we will consider µS= -4.7mn , because 0.083 is due to error in the accuracy.
- When the electron of the structure n = p+e is situated between the two protons of the structure of the deuteron (see Fig. 6), it is submitted to three forces:
a) The nuclear force of attraction with the proton into the neutron’s structure (proton at right side).
b) The centrifugal force expelling the electron in the direction of the proton at the left side.
c) The nuclear force of attraction with the proton at the right side.
We will show that neutron’s anomalous mass is due to the growth of the electron’s mass, since the electron has a relativistic speed into the neutron, as we will calculate here. So, let us calculate the electron’s increase of mass.
- First viewpoint: Up to know the theoretists have neglected the Borghi’s experiment, and this is just the reason why they never tried such a new theoretical alternative. Indeed, the proposal of a new Planck’s constant, proposed herein, is required by the results of two new experiments, made by Conte-Pieralice and Borghi. Even if the present new proposal is not a definitive solution, nevertheless any other different solution must be proposed by considering the results of Conte-Pieralice-Borghi experiments. By neglecting their experiments is impossible to find a satisfactory solution.
Moreover, it is well to note that the proposal of a new Planck’s constant is not able to solve the theoretical problems itself. That’s why such an idea has never been proposed by the string theorists, since such new proposal actually must be proposed together with other new proposals, like the spin-fusion hypothesis, the helical trajectory, its zoom-property[8], etc. The new Planck’s constant is not proposed here alone, actually it belongs to a collection of new proposals that performs new principles (which are missing in Quantum Mechanics). - Second viewpoint: The recent new experiment made by Taleyarkhan, published by Science, has been explained by the scientific community as follows: “Theoretical explanations for the observation of neutrons in line with conventional theory do exist. Sonoluminescence is an observed and understood phenomenon. It is generally considered to be theoretically possible to generate fusion temperatures in imploding bubbles using sound. As for tunnelling through the Coulomb barrier at low temperatures, so as to achieve fusion at low temperatures, this could have been possible in principle, but experts who did the calculation say that, unfortunately, the rate will be far too slow to be observable, let alone be of any practical importance“. Nevertheless, Suslick and Didenko have repeated the Taleyarkhan experiment, and they have shown that the greatest portion of the sonoluminescence energy is wasted in chemical reactions. Therefore it is not possible to suppose that there are hot nuclear reactions in Taleyarkhan experiment. And since he obtained emission of neutrons (and therefore the existence of nuclear reactions is out of any doubt), we realize that these nuclear reactions cannot be explained by the old concepts of Quantum Mechanics. We must explain Taleyarkhan experiment from the hypothesis of non-Coulombic interactions, detected by Borghi’s experiment.
- Third viewpoint: In the present paper a new gravitational Planck’s constant has been proposed, taking in consideration the Borghi’s experiment. A paper published in the journal Nature in August-2002, by Paul Davies corroborates such a hypothesis, in which he says that a new astronomical observation can lead to the conclusion that the Theory of Relativity may be wrong. The observation considered by Dr. Paul Davies is concerning the interaction between electrons and photons, and the results led him to consider two alternatives, as follows:
a) FIRST HYPOTHESIS: The light velocity “c” is not constant
b) SECOND HYPOTHESIS: The Planck’s constant can have some variation
Well, it is possible that such a variation in the Planck’s constant, mentioned by Paul Davies, can be actually due to the interaction with the new gravitational Planck’s constant proposed herein. - Fourth viewpoint: It must be taken in consideration that the “spin-fusion” hypothesis is able to open new theoretical perspectives for the Particle Physics, through the establishment of a new Standard Model, as shown in the author’s paper “New Model of Neutron-First Part”,( 1 ) published by JNE, where it is shown that the lepton’s spin is not conserved in the beta-decay. Since the leptons are tied to the quarks through the spin-fusion, as proposed by the author, such a new proposal represents a new fundamental concept to be applied to Nuclear Theory and to Particle Physics.
- Fifth viewpoint: The theorists are trying since 1950 to find a satisfactory theory able to conciliate the several branches of Physics. Several genii as Einstein, Dirac, Heisenberg, and others, devoted their life to the attempt. The problem has passed through the hand of several prominent physicists, among them several ones awarded the Nobel Prize and devoted their work to the question of the unification, as Salam, Gell-Mann, Weinberg , Glashow, t’Hooft, and others. All they have supposed that the rule of addition of spins, adopted in current Nuclear Physics, is the correct theoretical way. However, it is hard to believe that a satisfactory solution should have escaped the scrutiny of all those prominent theoretists, if such a solution should be possible by the way that they are trying (up to now there is not a satisfactory Standard Model in Particle Physics, which is incompatible with the Nuclear Physics, a theory itself not able to explain several questions). If a satisfactory solution via the Yukawa model should be possible, of course that it would have to be found several years ago.
- W. Guglinski, “New Model of Neutron-First Part,” J. New Energy, vol 4, no 4, 2000.
- C. Borghi, C. Giori, A.A. Dall’Ollio, “Experimental Evidence of Emission of Neutrons from Cold Hydrogen Plasma,” American Institute of Physics (Phys. At. Nucl.), vol 56, no 7, 1993.
- E. Conte, M. Pieralice, “An Experiment Indicates the Nuclear Fusion of the Proton and Electron into a Neutron,” Infinite Energy, vol 4, no 23-1999, p 67.
- R.P. Taleyarkhan, C.D. West, J.S. Cho, R.T. Lahey, Jr., R.I. Nigmatulin, and R.C. Block, “Evidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation,” Science, vol 295, pp 1868-1873 (March 8, 2002) (in Research Articles).
- Y.T. Didenko, K. S. Suslick, “The energy efficiency of formation of photons, radicals and ions during single-bubble cavitation,” Nature, vol 418, 394 – 397 (25 Jul 2002) Letters to Nature.
- P.C.W. Davies, Tamara M. Davis, Charles H. Lineweaver, “Cosmology: Black holes constrain varying constants,” Nature, vol 418, pp 602 – 603 (08 Aug 2002) Brief Communication.
- W. Guglinski, “Stern-Gerlach Experiment and the Helical Trajectory” J. New Energy, vol 7, no 2.
- W. Guglinski, “Fundamental Requirements for the Proposal of a New Hydrogen Atom,” J. New Energy, vol 7, no 2, 2004.
Goumy:
It is a draft with many errors, needs many corrections. Please disregard it for at least three days.
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi,
I have heard that you have orders for up to seven 1 MW E-Cat plants. You say you are outsourcing your parts, so could make enough parts to make more than one power plant at once. How many power plants will you be able to build with the parts that are currently being produced by your suppliers? Is this an industrial secret?
I wish you all the best.
Best regards,
Rich
Dear Mr. Rossi,
Mr Lewan at Ny Teknik have written much about the problems inventors have to go from the prototype phase to industry production. Basically, different stages require different mindset.
Judging from your replies and business strategy it seems that you still very much is stuck in the prototype phase mentality. My old father was an active entrepreneur with many patents. But he never really succeeded in taking off as his inventor mentality stopped him from teaming up and/or listen to advice.
Your comments on above will be read carefully..
Dear gillana giancarlo
My Quantum Ring Theory proposes new foundations for Physics. Some of the new foundations have been corroborated by experiments, as follows:
The helical trajectory of the light:
http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=3205
According to QRT, the duality wave-particle is due to the helical trajectory of the elementary particles. So, according to my theory the Bohr’s Principle of Complementarity is wrong.
A recent experiment published in June-2011 showed that Bohr principle is wrong:
http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=3295
The paper published here in the Journal of Nuclear Physics, with the title Anomalous Mass of the Neutron, was published in 2006 in my book Quantum Ring Theory. In the paper it was predicted that there is need to consider a new Planck’s constant, of gravitational origin, so that to explain how the electron is captured by the neutron.
An astronomical observation of June-2001 corroborated such prediction:
http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=3302
There are many other experiments, published between 2000 and 2011, which have been corroborated the principles proposed in Quantum Ring Theory.
However, as I have explained to Mr. Insight herein in Rossi’s blog, Quantum Ring Theory is not ready. I proposed in my theory only the new foundations that must be addopted in the New Physics. I did not develop its mathematical formalism, because it is a task to be undertaking by many physicists. It’s not a work for one man.
My theory is concerning the micro-world: atoms, photons, nuclei, protons, electrons.
Concerning the cosmological constant, its calculation requires a theory devoted to the macroscopic world, and developed thorugh the mathematics.
Dr. Claudio Nassif is working in a new theory named Symmetrical Special Relativity (SSR) for the macroscopic world, developed thorugh the mathematics, and he uses some foundations proposed in Quantum Ring Theory, as the helical trajectory and the aether.
Nassif was able to develop his theory by starting from the mathematics beecause for the macro-world we already know the most fundamental principles, proposed by Einstein. But Nassif introduces a novelty: the minimum velocity of particles. So, while Einstein defined a maximum velocity for the particles, Nassif proposed the miminum velocity.
However, in spite of the most principles of the macro-world are already discovered, nevertheless it seems that something is missing yet: because in the case I am right (and the repulsive gravity exists, and gravity has the same magnitude of electromagnetism, as my micro-models are suggesting), then there is need to develop a New Relativity in a more deep level than that developed by Nassif, because he did not consider it in his SSR.
But suppose that the gravity considered by Einstein and Nassif’s has magnitude 10^40 times weaker than the electromagnetism because it is actually a macro-gravity resultant of the combination of repulsive and attractive gravitons which interact with the same magnitude of the electromagnetism.
Well, from the macroscopic viewpoint we can apply the Einstein-Nassif theory, because they consider the macroscopic aspect of the gravity. They can get good predictions, because from the cosmological viewpoint there is no need to consider the microscopic structure of the gravity.
Nevertheless, from the microscopic viewpoint it’s impossible to get the unification between gravity and electromagnetism with such macroscopic Einstein-Nassif theory, because there is need to get the unification by considering the microscopic aspect of the gravity.
Therefore, while for the Einstein-Nassif’s Relativity the true structure of the gravity can be neglected (because in Relativity we can consider the macroscopic aspect of the gravity only), in the micro-world it is not possible to neglect it. Because into the nuclei, the proton, the electron, the photon, etc., the repulsive and the attractive gravity contribute for their behavior. By consequence, if one develops a new theory for elementary particles by neglecting the repulsive and attractive gravity (with the same magnitude of the elctromagnetism), of course such new theory shall be wrong. This is the drama of Quantum Mechanics and the Standard Model. And that’s why from the foundations of Quantum Mechanics cold fusion is impossible.
What is the point of touch between my QRT and Nassif’s SSR ?
Well, while Nassif has developed his work by starting from the mathematics, in the case of the micro-world there is no way to start to develop it from the mathematics too. The physicists who developed Quantum Mechanics had try to do it, but they have failed: QM is not complete. There is need to discover the structure of the elementary particles, as the neutron, the photon, the proton, the nucleus. But Quantum Mechanics was developed without such sort of models. It has only mathematical models. It has not models formed by physical structures.
My QRT and Nassif’s SSR are complementary. My theory is proposed for the micro-world, and his theory is proposed for the macro-world.
In the Barnes& Noble blog, Nassif wrote the following review on my QRT:
“My SSR and Guglinski’s QRT are complementary. A future consistent agglutination of SSR and QRT will perform a New Grand Unified Theory which, if confirmed by experiments, will constitute the New Physics of the 21th Century”
http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=3207
Two papers by Nassif were published till now. The first one was published in the journal Pramana, in 2008.
The second article, entitled DEFORMED SPECIAL RELATIVITY WITH AN ENERGY BARRIER OF A MINIMUM SPEED, was published by the International Journal of Modern Physics D, in July 2010.
In his theory Nassif calculates the value of the cosmological constant. The theoretical value obtained from his theory is agree to the experimental data.
I hope to have given you a short idea of the theoretical problems that involve the development of a New Physics.
Regards
WG
@ Bernie Koppenhofer,
I am inclined to agree with you. I would go even further and say I would not want to try what Mr. Rossi is attempting (market paradigm changing technology of this magnitude), without having armed personal body guards at all times.
Dear Bernie Koppenhofer:
Thank you.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I think Mr. Rossi is vastly underestimating the dollar strength of the snakes, and the political pressure they can bring to the fight. It is my opinion those of us who believe in this new energy source and what it means to the world must be very proactive in supporting it. I have just sent information to my Representatives and aggressively correct misinformation when I see it.
@Giuliano Bettini
Indeed!
Best Regards
Enrico Billi
@ Giuliano Bettini
“mo socc’mel”.
It should be necessary translate it in english for english readers:-))
@ Enrico Billi
I disagree with you.
The correct wording is:
“mo socc’mel”.
Dear Alfonso Troisi:
Thank you very much, as well as thank you to all our Readers who are sustaining our endeavours.
A good help is to unmask the lies of the puppett-snakes, corrupted by their puppetteers. When they lie about us, you can answer, if you are able; if you are not, you can ask for technical help to me
info@leonardocorp1996.com
and I will explain you where is the fraudolent content of the puppett-snakes, then send the answers to the sources of the fraudolent communication and to their competitors. This work would be very important. When a blog or a newspaper will ignore your answer, we will know it is “corrupted by the puppetteers” .
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The more I read what the critics are saying, the more I am convinced Rossi is the real deal.
The puppett-snake’s series of blogs yesterday reek of desperation. How lower can one go than invoking Adolf Hitler in a discourse?
Egregio prof. Wladimir Guglinky:la sua teoria sembra ergersi al rango di una nuova teoria del “tutto” o per lo meno come corollario di una teoria di grande unificazione,dove tutte le forze conosciute diventano omnicomprensive.
La sua teoria si basa sul’osservazione di nuovi fenomeni che senbrano in contrasto con la teoria standard delle particelle e rimettere in discussione pilastri della meccanica quantistica e anche relativistica (principio di indeterminazione di Heisenberg, costante di Plank, costante di gravitazione universale etc.) con buona pace della comunità scientifica.
Orbene un Modello Scientifico, può considerarsi valido in base alle predizioni che esso può fare, quali nuove previsioni si possono fare a livello subneacleare o cosmologico? Cosa ci si può aspettare, visto che gli Adrond Colliders non riescono a scoprire l’auspicata particella di Higgs? La prego se la questione non le interessa non mi risponda,non vorrei disturbare!
Dear Andrea Rossi,
this/these cracker(s) are just loosing their and your IT staff time. This journal is no more the only way you or your staff can release informations about e-cat. Thanks to internet a lot of other websites and bloggers are always ready to release news about this new technology. If they want to stop or delay your job, i think it is completely unuseful, because you can’t stop a tzunami with a glass.
I read the news about National Instruments and i will personally share this great news with all my friends, “va mo la’!” as we say in Bologna.
Best wishes to Leonardo Corp. and partners for this great adventure, more than ever you should continue to “lavolale lavolale”
Enrico Billi
Dear Andrea Rossi.
I´ve just red about the hacker´s attack on your page. I think you are now at stage II.
The first stage is ignoring, the 2nd stage is now the attempt to mobbing, attacking and deriding you.Thats indicate you are on the right way.In metapher to a spaceflight.The booster is now seperated, the 2nd stage has ignited.The last, the 3rd stage will bring you in orbit, means you will be accepted.
Warm Regards:
Martin Schwingenheuer
Hello Mr. Rossi,
just to let you feel my closeness about this attacks on your company and on your person. Please let us know if things get dangerous and you need help from the mass.
wiht greatfullness,
A.T.
A.R.
Sterling D. Allan (on PESN.com) and Rick Meisinger (on Facebook) wrote/(blogged) that National Instruments has been signed up to do the Instrumentation and Control work on the production E-Cats. That’s great news. My question is a simple one. Did you choose National Instruments because they are a great company or because their initials are NI (for Nickel)? Or both!
Joseph Fine
By Sterling D. Allan
Pure Energy Systems News
Today, Leonardo Corporation, led by Andrea Rossi, inventor and developer of the one-megawatt cold fusion E-Cat plant, signed an agreement with National Instruments (NI), to have them make all the instrumentation for the E-Cat plants, which began commercial sales on October 28, following the successful test in Bologna, Italy of the first 1 MW heat plant to the first customer.
Dear Fusioneafreddo.it:
Today we have been attacked by a strong hacking action. Our informatic has won the battle in few hours. I heard that we will be attacked again, and also got rumors that I will be personally attacked strongly in the next days: I am very happy of this, first because I will fight back, and this is my natural attitude, second because the more the puppetteers get ballistic and keep frenzy their puppett-snakes, the more i get evidence that my job is well done.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Ing. Andrea Rossi,
many web magazines said that today the Journal of nuclear physics was offline.
Can you tell us if there was technical problems, hack attacks or what’s appened?
Best regards
Fusioneafreddo.it
Dear Edmondo: you are right. But at the base of puppett snakes activity there is mainly expionage from puppetteers.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Wladimir Guglinski:
So far we are manufacturing 1 MW plants, and our next 2 years capacity of production has been already saturated. For the small units we need at least 1-2 years for the approvals. Your suggestion, anyway, are good, among the infinite possibilities of employ, those are surely possible too.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Gillana Giancarlo, Wladimir Guglinski, Andrea Rossi, Paolo Savaris:
I recently thought of a name for the science or sciences of Nuclear Physics/Solid State Physics and/or Chemistry/Materials Science that may cover the areas of both Piezo-Nuclear and Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (PNR & LENR).
” Meta – Chemistry” Meta means between two or more states. (Or two or more sciences!)
Several nuclides forced into an excited or unstable state may:
1) remain as an isotope of the same element (highest probability), 2) decay to lighter elements, or 3) fuse into heavier (higher Z number) elements.
The name Meta-Physics would have been a better choice – but that term is already used.
(And I have a difficult time with the vocabulary of Metaphysics such as Epistemology and Ontology etc.)
I am forwarding several links to presentations on Piezo-nuclear reactions which are relevant.
http://preview.tinyurl.com/7u3hwpe
http://newnuclear.splinder.com/
http://preview.tinyurl.com/6vju59s
In Piezo-Nuclear reactions or PNRs, a great deal of energy is released in a fracture or collapse of iron-containing granite pillars, earthquakes etc. This energy release may often result in production of neutrons and in transmutations.
The Piezo reactions are endothermic in that a lot of energy is needed to produce a very small(?) quantity of lighter elements. Over billions of years, of course, a lot of material can be transmuted into new elements.
And, if and when Piezo-Nuclear (or Meta-Chemical) reactions go in the opposite direction and become exothermic, they are called LENRs. Such as Nickel —> Copper!
(And LENRs do not seem to produce free neutrons.)
Possibly, both PNRs and LENRs occur simultaneously. (?)
This is not a fact, only an opinion. But opinions lead to hunches, hunches lead to experiments, and experiments may lead to facts.
Best Meta-Chemical Regards,
Joseph
Dear Eng Rossi
I think we can sell individual eCats for small comercial instalations, like hospitals, restaurants, hotels and clubs that have sauna.
Hospitals need steam for laundry, sterilize medical surgerie equipments, cooking, hot water for shower.
Hotels need steam for laundry, hot water for shower, and cooking
Restaurants need hot water for cooking
The eCats would be placed in an isolated area and so they will not represent any risk (we know that eCat is safe, but putting them to work in an isolated area the customer will feel more safety to buy the eCat).
Last month there was in Rio de Janeiro a big explosion of an restaurant, due to propane leak
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q4Scw34ByA
Obviously the eCat is much more safe than propage gas, and can take this advantage to start to sell it.
What do you think?
regards
WG
Dear Silvano Mattioli ,
I do not understand why you like so much the concept of energy amplification: you can amplify a signal, but you have to provide the missing energy. So energy sources do not amplify energy: hydroelectric just uses gravitational energy of the H2O the sun lifted up into the atmosphere, coal gives back the energy sun put into the vegetables, and so on. If you mean efficiency, then you should care about the efficiency of the processes going on inside the E-Cat, not the output/input ratio. The real “input” of the E-Cat, according to your concerns about energetic efficiency of thermal machines, is not the input heat used to start the processes provided by the electrical resistance. I think this is what tricked you. Best regards.
Dear Mr. Rossi
I have been following your story since January. I think I have read almost everything that has been posted on the net about you and your invention. What you are doing is very exciting and I’m sure my business will be affected by your work.
As a manufacturing consultant who spends his time flying from board room to board room helping manufactures across North America be more productive. I have been in countless machine, fabrication and engineering shops. I have signed more NDA agreements than I could remember. What I do not think most people get is how important industrial trade secrets are.
Here is what I have noticed about the way people view you.
When you act like a good scientist that makes the investor types nervous.
When you act like a good industrialist that drives the science types crazy.
You can’t win with everyone.
You’re not sitting in a cozy university lab with tenure and you’re not the head of a huge corporation.
It’s truly incredible what some people are demanding you do. The only thing you are responsible for is providing a good product to your customers and if they don’t like your products they will vote with their wallets.
The people I work with are the ones that will be converting the world over to your technology. We are waiting patiently with CNC machines ready.
The world is full of snakes and vultures so please stay safe and focused on your goals.
Our hearts are with you.
Kind Regards
Edmondo
Dear M.T.
In response to your “further note” about finding recent comments, there is a Rossi Blog Reader: http://www.rossilivecat.com/ which finds and sorts all recent comments which you may find useful.
Warm Regards, R.M.
>insight
E-CAT is not like other type of energy source.
Other source ratio “Energy produced/Energy consumed” is very high (Hydro, Coal, Nuclear, ecc.).
Nominal e-cat cell ratio is about 6 (Nominal COP).
To become cmplete energy source this ratio must be Higher because Carnaught efficency is very low at 120°C (declared steam temperature) (about 25% teorical, about 14% pratical in high efficency engine).
Then electrical COP must be at least 6.6 less then declared COP!
For this reason cell must be connected in serial manner to increase the COP, but if y increase the COP is like to increase the gain of ratio that I show before, then is like a gain of an amplifier that can grow as y want… !
Then like an electrical aplifier in feedback cicle, the first e-cat can be used only for startup !
This is because y can use energy of subsequent cells to heat-up first e-cat cell, like a feedback cicle.
You need only to control heat-exchanger flow to moderate temperature in autonomous mode !
E-CAt showed since now are like startup-engine in this view.
E-CAT is an amplifier in this way because it use very low H-Ni as declared…
This is my opinion, of course.
Dear H. Hansson:
When we will have the E-Cats ready for distribution, yes.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Mr. Rossi,
2 years to make the eCat ready for household use…OK:
But will it be possible for technical schools and universities to buy small eCat for training purpose??
JS wrote in November 8th, 2011 at 2:38 PM :
“Hi, dear Mr. Wladimir Guglinski
New physic Nassim Haramein”
Dear Mr. JS,
I dont know the New Physics by Nassim Haramein.
Does he propose a new nuclear model ?
Perhaps there is similarity with the new nuclear model proposed in my Quantum Ring Theory.
So maybe his New Physics can be applied for the explanation of cold fusion occurrence.
Regards
WG
Caro Gillana Giancarlo
Io in realtà non sapevo come fenomeno piezonucleari.
Ho trovato un articolo del ICCF-15. E ‘molto interessante:
http://iccf15.frascati.enea.it/ICCF15-PRESENTATIONS/S6_O5_Carpinteri_Lacidogna.pdf
Sembra che sia una nuova forma di reazione di fusione fredda.
In generale è possibile spiegare i fenomeni della fusione fredda dai principi del mio nuovo modello nucleare.
PS 1: Questa è una traduzione da google traduttore
PS 2: Non mi piace chiamare la fusione fredda da LENR. I ricercatori della fusione fredda iniziò a chiamarlo Lern perché credevano che i fisici accademici potrebbe iniziare a prendere sul serio i fenomeni di fusione fredda. La strategia non ha funzionato. Sia per chiamare che la fusione a freddo o chiamare Lern non fa alcuna differenza.
Quindi, chiamiamolo semplicemente il nome che descrive il fenomeno nel modo più appropriato: FUSIONE FREDDA.
Dear Gillana Giancarlo
I actually did not know such piezonuclear phenomenon.
I found an article of the ICCF-15. It’s very interesting:
http://iccf15.frascati.enea.it/ICCF15-PRESENTATIONS/S6_O5_Carpinteri_Lacidogna.pdf
It seems it’s a new form of cold fusion reaction.
In general it’s possible to explain the cold fusion phenomena from the principles of my new nuclear model.
PS 1: This is a translation by google translator
PS 2: I dont like to call cold fusion by LENR. The cold fusion researchers started to call it LERN because they believed that academic physicists could start to take seriously the cold fusion phenomena. The strategy did not work. Either to call it cold fusion or to call it LERN makes no difference.
Gentilissimo Ing. Rossi, torno a scrivere sul Suo spazio informativo per porre un invito alla riflessione da parte di tutti noi, in relazione alla gravissima situazione economica che sta squotendo il nostro Paese: tutti i dibattiti sui media mettono in evidenza la necessità di promuovere la ricerca e l’innovazione, di individuare specifici settori strategici per gli investimenti tra i quali, ovviamente, l’energia; si vedono servizi di ore sulla tecnica di ricavare petrolio dalle terre bituminose, sulle trivellazioni a livello di migliaia di metri nel mediterraneo e si ripropone perfino (dopo l’esito referendario) di riesumare il nucleare da fissione. Sono convinto che una scoperta epocale come la Sua in un paese “normale” sarebbe trattata con ben altro respiro nelle sedi opportune (pensiamo se Lei fosse francese!). Torno quindi a chiedere ai tantissimi che La stimano e che sono esperti: proponiamo qualcosa a livello di comunicazione, non ci lasciamo guidare solo dalla curiosità (grande e legittima) di saperne di più sulla tecnica; in ogni caso quando le condizioni lo permetteranno potremo esclamare “l’avevo detto io” e questo deve bastare per il popolo che siamo.
Un caro saluto. G. Adorni
Dear P.G.Sharrow:
Thanks,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Michele Ravanelli:
Thank you. Anyway the household application will need a period not less than 2 years to overcome the authorizative stakes.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Sebastiano Sardo:
1- I do not know how much our I.P. is worth. It is not easy to calculate, but of course the fact that industrial plants of 1 MW are in production after the 28th october test makes it solid
2- I will just continue to make my work, developing the industruialization and the R&D. We need to convert in electricity the thermal power and make commercial small units, in the short time.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Nella vita bisogna essere passionali e per passione intendo il vero amore per le cose. Bisogna crederci fermamente per raggiungere un obiettivo.
Oltre a farle sinceri complimenti per aver tenuto la barra del timone dritta in questi mesi di tempesta sino a raggiungere l’ambizioso ( e per molti, impossibile ) traguardo del 28 Ottobre, gradirei porle le seguenti questioni: se per ipotesi, entro breve tempo le concedessero il brevetto europeo e quello americano, quanto valuterebbe il valore commerciale dello stesso ?
Nel caso non volesse venderlo a breve, come immagina il suo futuro di qui a 5 anni ? Dirigente di una grossa multinazionale, continuerà a occuparsi di migliorare l’invenzione del millennio ?, si ritirerà a godere i frutti di quello che questa fantastica invenzione le porterà ?
Good Work and Warm Regards
Sebastiano
Buongiorno Sig. Rossi,
La seguo da molto tempo e mi auguro veramente di cuore che questo pregetto abbia fortuna. Non parlo per mio personale interesse ma a nome di tutte le persone che vivono su questo pianeta. Troppe volte e troppi interessi hanno portato a compromessi nei quali il nostro pianeta ci ha rimesso e non poco.
Con questa tecnolgia sara’ possibile avere energia a basso costo per tutti e cosa molto importante ad emissioni zero, quindi anche per le persone meno fortunate dandoci un briciolo di dignita’.
Per questo e molti altri motivi, prevalentemente etici mi auguro di cuore che Lei venga giustamente premiato dei tanti sforzi che ha fatto e che l’ecat sia presto disponibile sul mercato. Saro’ sicuramente uno dei primi ad acquistare appena sara’ possibile un ecat casalingo per mandare in pensione la mia caldaia a metano.
Abbiamo tutti fiducia in Lei.
Grazie
@Andrea Rossi; congratulations on making the sale. This should be of help in completion of the US patent.
I have just completed reading the above post and all the comments, very informative all.
It appears that you are using rf generator to help in startup. I believe you should expand this line of thought to improve control in operation. Every small improvement can be patented and will give tighter control of the technology. pg
Egregio prof. Wladimir Guglinsky, pensa che la sua teoria possa spiegare, fra i fenomeni LENR, anche quelli legati a reazioni ultrasoniche come il piezonucleare?
Dear Kim Patterson:
Thank you, God bless you too.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Gabriele:
Prof. Focardi, Prof. Levi, Prof. Campari, Prof. Ferrari are also INFN.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Congratulations, the E-Cat has now reached mainstream media. This was taken from Bloomberg TV produced by energyNOW.
Bloomerg Short Clip
or, full episode with E-Cat discussion starting at 19 minutes into the episode.
Bloomberg Full Episode
Best Regards,
Magnus
Buonasera. Per prima cosa volevo farle i complimenti per la tenacia dimostrata e ovviamente per i risultati sorprendenti ottenuti. Le scrivo perché mi piacerebbe sapere se, oltre alla collaborazione con le università di Bologna e di Uppsala, ha previsto qualche forma di collaborazione o di ricerca con l’INFN. Grazie mille e buon lavoro.
“warship in stormy weather”
Prayer for you.
Kadoish, Kadoish, Kadoish, Adonai ‘Tsebayoth
Humans are using 60 TWh of electricity every day. At 10c / KWh, this costs about 6 billion Euros / day. So every day when your technology is not yet in widespread use, Human race loses a massive amount of money!
Please stop spengind our money. We are poor 😉 Would you sell the IPR for 1€/habitant? Total income would be 7 billion?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Annual_electricity_net_generation_in_the_world.svg
Dear Gillana Giancarlo:
Please read the answer to Jonatan.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Jonatan:
This is one of the reason why we are selling only 1 MW plants, where we can also defend much better the know how.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Matthew Waters:
As I always said, I want not to play foot-ball with the bones of People. My company at the moment is a warship in stormy weather, during a hard battle. To invest in it is premature. So far we just sell industrial plants of 1 MW and our Customers are financing us.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi, dear Mr. Wladimir Guglinski
New physic Nassim Haramein
Mr. Rossi,
I’ve heard rumors that you may start selling shares of your corporation. If this is true could you confirm, and if so, where would this information be announced? Further more, when would you be planning to do this?