Geometry of String Theory Solitons

.
by
Magnus Holm
Institute of Theoretical Physics
Chalmers University of Technology and Göteborg University – Göteborg 1999

.

Read the whole article
Download the ZIP file

.

Abstract
In recent years there has been a dramatic progress in the understanding of the non-perturbative structure of various physical theories.
In particular string theory has been vastly developed during these years, where a lot of duality conjectures between the different string theories have arisen.
The introductory text of this thesis is an attempt to describe this development in short and to make a brief overview of the subject.
Special focus is put on solitonic solutions in various field theories, which is the corner stone for these duality conjectures.
The introduction of supersymmetry is also essential for the understanding of duality by its natural way of handling BPS-states through the algebra.
In string theory, which is not only a supersymmetric theory but also includes gravity, these studies are put together through the discovery of various p-brane solutions to the background field equations.
The geometrical structure of these solutions is studied in some of the papers in this thesis.
In a generalization to the treatment of p-branes as solutions which break the local vacuum symmetry, the theory of almost product structures (APS-theory) has arisen as the natural candidate to the study of the intricate geometry of these solutions.
The last two papers deal with this ansatz where it is also seen that APS-theory is the most natural way of treating all kinds of splitting of manifolds including fibrations, Yang-Mills theoryand Kaluza-Klein theory.
.
.

399 comments to Geometry of String Theory Solitons

  • Andrea Rossi

    Frank Acland:
    Thank you, interesting,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Steven N. Karels:
    Our industrialization issues are dealt with from the proper persons.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Steven N. Karels

    Dear Andrea Rossi,

    Sometimes massive success leads to massive failure. If eCat technology takes off and is in heavy demand, there will be the issue of mass production of both the eCat technology, (reactors and associated parts) and also the fuel (nickel, catalyst, processing and the hydrogen source material). Can you enlighten us on the problems of upscaling to meet demand and the actions taken to mitigate the problem(s)? I am not looking for proprietary information, only how you foresee addressing a rapid change in demand.

  • Frank Acland

    Dear Andrea,

    I think you will find this interesting. The Swedish professors who did the E-Cat test last year have issued a statement. This is an English translation:

    http://www.e-catworld.com/2014/06/03/swedish-e-cat-testers-issue-statement/

    Best wishes,

    Frank Acland

  • KeithT

    Dear Andrea,

    Are you aware of the EU framework programme Horizon 2020, this has a fund of 80 billion Euro’s over 7 year, this fund is targeted at new research, innovation and technology within Europe.

    The funding can potentially cover up to 100% of the research and technology development costs that lead up to a new product, including any design and development work of production equipment for a new factory, (but not the building costs), the more partners; design house, chemical equipment, instrumentation suppliers, that are involved from different EU countries the easier it is to obtain funding.

    Perhaps you and your partners could consider a manufacturing site within Europe as well as the USA.

    Keith Thomson

  • Daniel De Caluwé

    Dear dr. Fine,

    Our respiration (inhaling of air and exhaling of CO2) is, what climate scientists call ‘CO2-neutral’, because the carbon we exhale, is coming from our food we took from the biosphere, so by exhaling it, we give back (to the biosphere) what we took via our food.

    But compared to this and to the contrary, the burning of fossil fuels, is NOT CO2-neutral, because in that case, we take carbon from the underground, that didn’t take part anymore in the exchange in the biosphere for millions of years, and by burning these fossil fuels, we bring that ancient carbon back in the biosphere, so this is NOT CO2-neutral anymore… (And by bringing in that carbon from outside the biosphere, and burning it, there is a corresponging reduction (!) of the oxygen level in the atmosphere… 😉

  • Andrea Rossi

    Alutam:
    Information regarding the industrialization of the E-Cat by Industrial Heat will be given in due time by the press guys. No specific information can be given now.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Daniel De Caluwé

    @Peter Forsberg,

    It is true that plant growth increases with increasing CO2 concentration, but the sees and the oceans, that were responsible for most of the uptake in the eighties and nineties, are becoming much more acidic by it, (which also changes the sea-life/algae and their influence on fish), and tend to reduce their uptake, that was bigger in the eighties than in the nineties, and on land there was a strong opposite influence because of deforestation. (See Table 2)

    So yes, there was and is a considerable uptake (in the nineteens about half of the emissions was absorbed, but mainly by the oceans and the sees (that unfortunately became more acidic, with consequences on sea-life (algae) and fish stocks), but which tend to uptake less in the future (!), and the projected increase of CO2-uptake on land will far from neutralise the manmade emissions, and the uptake could very well decline over time, or turn into a source of net emissions, because there also is a real risk of
    large-scale carbon release from forests (once existing forests – given the foreseen climate changes – will suddenly find themselves outside their proper climatic ranges), and more generally from the accelerated turnover of dead biomass caused by
    increasing temperatures…

    See also (I admit, old links, but given as an illustration) :

    http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/planting-trees-wont-save/

    http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/debit-or-credit/

    http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-reassess-carbo/

    http://www.nature.com/news/1998/030721/full/news030721-6.html

    http://www.nature.com/news/1998/000420/full/news000420-12.html

    But if you insist, I prefer to agree to disagree… 😉

  • Joseph Fine

    Peter Forsberg:

    I meant that we all exhale CO2. We would not be healthy reducing our intake of Oxygen by 30%, nor very happy walking around with CO2 scrubbing devices around our heads. Also, this does not discuss production of Methane (another Greenhouse gas) by people and animals. But many politicians know more about this.

    Joseph Fine

  • alutam

    Andrea,
    Do you know if Industrial Heat is producing and warehousing E-Cats in anticipation of huge sales volume?
    Best Regards.

  • Daniel De Caluwé

    Dear dr. Rossi and Peter Forsberg,

    About the strong influence of human activities in climate change, of which I am very much convinced, we better agree to disagree, because otherwise I could spend the rest of my life in these never ending discussions, but a few years ago I decided to stop with it and go further with more usefull things. 😉 So you’re on the good side, dr. Rossi, because by inventing and developping further your E-cat, you contribute to find a solution (for many problems, of course not only to reduce human influence in climate change), and that’s much better than spending ones time in endless discussions, like I did a few years ago… 😉

  • Andrea Rossi

    Frank Acland:
    This can be useful.
    Thank you,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Frank Acland

    Dear Andrea,

    The US Environmental Protection Agency just issued new rules about reducing carbon emissions from power plants. States are required to cut carbon emissions by 30 per cent overall by 2030 (from a 2005 baseline) It would seem that the most adverse effects would be on coal power plants which produce the highest levels of carbon dioxide.

    This rule may make the E-Cat an even more attractive means of power production, and could help boost business for Industrial Heat.

    Best wishes,

    Frank Acland

  • Andrea Rossi

    Peter Forsberg:
    I too am all but sure about the global warming theory. Earth had cycles of desertification ( the Sahara desert was an immense forest) and of glaciation, due to phenomena in great part unknown. I think in good part it is matter of business, like the “millennium bug” conundrum, remember? Nevertheless, it is not bad its propelling of more attention against pollution issues, whose real danger is more the health of people around pollution sources, than the so called global warming. I know, this opinion is not politically correct, but it is my opinion. Obviously, can be wrong.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.
    p.s. Thank you to be still here…

  • Andrea Rossi

    Ing. Michelangelo De Meo:
    Thank you.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Dear Andrew,
    many greetings Happy Birthday, I wish you a thousand surprises to find what you’re looking for and to achieve your dreams that have now become even our!
    We hope you gift a preview of the positive results of the third party. Andrea strength not to give up!
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NIPDOdp71Q
    They will use your Hot Cat in Alaska!

  • Peter Forsberg

    Dear Jospeh Fine,

    You said: “Presumably, we will still be allowed to breathe Oxygen.”

    I’m not so sure. In Sweden we pay carbon taxes for more and more activites. And unfortunately most voters and politicians would not understand what you mean by your statement. They do not know that most of a plants mass is created via CO2. In all the new speak that has followed the EPA regulation CO2 is now referred to as carbon pollution. This is a deception. CO2 is not a pollutant. It is the stuff of life. More CO2 will equal more life. The global warming theory is a runaway train, I think, and we are waiting for the crash. The ECat could indeed be a saviour, since it would allow politicians to save face.

    Regards

    Peter

  • Andrea Rossi

    Antonella Basilico:
    Thank you,
    Warm regards
    A.R.

  • Joseph Fine

    Robert Curto:

    You are right. The EPA’s CO2 emission rule is for a 25% reduction by 2020 and a 30% reduction by 2030. I stand corrected.

    By then, that may only apply to people who want to burn wood at campfires. Presumably, we will still be allowed to breathe Oxygen. 😉

    Thank you,

    Joseph Fine

  • Antonella Basilico

    Carissimo Andrea, sono contenta di vederti lavorare serenamente, e ti auguro che questo prossimo giro intorno al Sole ti porti infine a coronare il tuo sogno, a inviare i tuoi Gatti per il mondo.
    Buon compleanno, che tu sia benedetto.
    Anto

  • Andrea Rossi

    Frank Acland:
    The timing of the publication are totally out of my control. The results will be extremely important, positive or negative as they might be. Please do not ask me anymore the scheduling of a thing that is totally indipendent from me and completely out of my control. Please be patient.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Robert Curto

    Dr. Joseph Fine, I am sure it is just a typo.
    By the year 2030, not 2020.
    Robert Curto
    Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
    USA

  • Frank Acland

    Dear Andrea,

    We are now in June, and you mentioned a while ago that you had been told that the report may be published in the 2nd or 3rd week of June. I understand you are not in control of the publication date, but to the best of your knowledge are you still expecting this June publication schedule?

    Many thanks,

    Frank Acland

  • Andrea Rossi

    Pekka Janhunen:
    Non verba volumus, sed facta!
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea,
    In mercatu veritas, ma in verbo deridas!
    (Sorry if wrong: I don’t know Latin, only google)
    r:/pekka

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dr Joseph Fine:
    Redeemed,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Andreas Moraitis:
    I agree, thank you and about the Chinese sayings let me cite the one I use with my friend Enrico Billi, a paradigmatic example of the solution against the clowns:
    “lavolale, lavolale”
    ( I am not sure it’s correct Chinese, though)
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andreas Moraitis

    Dear Andrea Rossi,

    Just don’t care about the allegations made by certain persons. As you have indicated, these allegations are like boomerangs which will, after they have failed their target, return to those who have thrown them. Perhaps you know the old (possibly Chinese) proverb:

    “If you sit by the river long enough, you will see the body of your enemy float by.”

    (“Sit by the river” could be interpreted as “follow your path”.)

    Best regards,
    Andreas Moraitis

  • Joseph Fine

    AR,

    I have to redeem myself.

    If the reduction of CO2 is 0 tons and the original amount of released CO2 was 0 tons, then the percentage reduction is (amount of reduction)/(original amount)*100. Since both of these quantities are 0, the ratio 0/0 is undefined. So you may still run afoul of the EPA because you will only have an undefined percentage of reduction, not 1%, 10% or 500%. Just an undefined percent. 😀

    Joseph Fine

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dr Joseph Fine:
    You are right, it is not false, but within the limits of application of our technology. As I always said, most technologies will have to be integrated.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Orsobubu:
    The more stupidities our enemies say, the more naked they will be turned when the market will confirm the operation of out plants. Until it turns to talk and to bla-bla without working they are the unbeatable world Champions, also because people that really works ( like me) has not the time and space to fight their chatters. In the world of chatters you can also say that Jesus Christ did walk upon the sea because he was so dumb not to be able to swim aging 33 years and you surely will find some imbecile that follows: the mother of imbeciles is always pregnant.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Joseph Fine

    Dear Andrea,

    The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed cutting power plant Carbon Dioxide emissions by 30% by the year 2020.

    Since your plants already produce zero Carbon Dioxide*, is it false advertising to say your plants could reduce CO2 exhaust not by 30%, but by 3000% or 300,000% since any percent of 0 is 0?

    * (The CO2 dissolved in water will be released when you boil it. )

    Joseph Fine

  • orsobubu

    This is the correct link for the translation of the page:

    http://tinyurl.com/otsfg2w

  • orsobubu

    About the motto “In mercatu veritas” that you’re going to write on the 1MW plant, it will be a nice revenge against your detractors. I refer to the fact that, in the same years in which the events narrated in your site http://www.ingandrearossi.com took place, some of them became part of the staff of one of the most antimarket, anti-American, anti-Atlanticist etc radio networks ever seen in Italy and in Europe. Ironically, they led just programs dedicated to scientific divulgation (The “Cyclotron”)!!. Apparently, mattered little to them that, in the same years and from the same radio frequencies, departed conductors’ and listeners’ choirs praising the death of the space shuttle Challenger seven astronauts; mattered little to them that for years the radio had supported radical positions in favor of the Soviet Union regime, giving voice even to the claims and rivendications of “revolutionary” terrorist groups, as it is beautifully remembered at the bottom of this page:

    http://www.enzopennetta.it/2013/08/la-macchina-del-fango-il-caso-coyaud/

    translation:

    http://tinyurl.com/nk56j8y

    Now, as usual in Italy, these petty-bourgeois intellectuals, who have done everything wrong in their interpretation of scientific materialism, are at the service of the most powerful capitalist groups and industrial private organizations, in the same manner in which thirty or forty years ago they were the servants of the Russian and Chinese state capitalism. I understand that you have to stay focused on your goal, but you’ll be interested to know that – as you can read in the previuos link – you’re certainly not the only one to be the target of their attacks; in that site, there is the reply of Enzo Pennetta, a teacher of natural sciences in a Catholic school that always placed himself in a critical way against reductionist neo-Darwinism official science, without denying the theory of evolution or support creationism.

    I am attaching some links on his website where the prof. gives news on e-cat:

    http://www.enzopennetta.it/2011/10/la-fisica-italiana-sospesa-o-stelle-o-stalle/

    http://www.enzopennetta.it/2011/08/l%E2%80%99-e-cat-e-il-metodo-scientifico/

    and where he expose some ideas that I think will interest you on the subject of the criticism to Darwinism:

    http://www.enzopennetta.it/2013/02/cronaca-di-una-conferenza-su-creazionismo-ed-evoluzione-tra-i-noma-e-lelefante-nella-stanza/

    http://www.enzopennetta.it/2012/09/verso-una-nuova-teoria-dellevoluzione/

  • Andrea Rossi

    Mark Saker:
    I agree,but:
    1- the timing of the reviewing of the report does not depend on me
    2- the ting for the public presentation of the 1 MW plant working in the factory of our Customer has not yet be defined, but I can say it will be in a range, we suppose, of several months, not weeks
    3- any information regarding the technological data will be delivered at the presentation.
    Warm Regards
    A.R. – In mercatu veritas

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dave K.:
    Yes, In mercatu veritas.
    Andrea Rossi

  • Andrea Rossi

    Errata corrige:
    I made a typo:
    The motto ” In mercato veritas” must be corrected as follows:
    ” In mercatu veritas”: mercatus is of the fourth declination…
    Warm regards to all
    A.R.

  • Mark Saker

    Dear Andrea,

    I (and most probably the rest of us) am getting excited now for hopefully a double reveal within the next month. 1st – A positive report, and 2nd – a working 1MW plant.

    As you are working on the plant, I wonder if you can tell me just two things. 1. Does the 1MW plant look like the old 1MW plant – in a shipping container with a 100 small cats, or
    2. will this be an commercially ready, new 1MW hot cat with smaller dimensions?
    3. Will it be providing just heat, or heat and electricity?

    Many Thanks

    I am so looking forward to you finally getting the recognition you deserve!

    Mark

  • Dave K.

    IN MERCATU VERITAS! Salute!

  • Andrea Rossi

    Joseph J:
    Thank you,
    Warm regards
    A.R.

  • Joseph j

    Dear Andrea

    I think you are going to end up in a book like this.

    The Rise
    Creativity, the Gift of Failure, and the Search for Mastery:

    http://books.simonandschuster.com/Rise/Sarah-Lewis/9781451629255

  • Andrea Rossi

    Wladimir Guglinski:
    I would say that we have to put a distinction between market and science. Both, anyway, could give positive or negative results, and we will give information of both, along their indipendent paths, when we will consider consolidated the results ( for the industrial plants) and when we will have a reviewed- published report ( for the Third Indipendent Party test). Both are on their way. I am focused on the one that depends on me: the 1 MW plant ( on the front of it I want written the motto “In mercato veritas”).
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Italo R.:
    I am focused on the 1 MW plant, as I said. Only the market will put an end to all the useless chattering around and will vindicate the value of our work, making groundless the accusations based on my past ( see http://www.ingandrearossi.com). My enemies can libel me, can write and broadcast falsities and accusations regarding facts of my life of 20 years ( twenty years !!!) ago, not related to my work on the LENR, but useful to try to discredit my person, can blackmail me, can do this and other, but one thing they will never able to do: stop the plants that are working with my technology. I have to answer with facts, not words.
    The particulars of the plant in operation in the USA will be given to the visitors when we will be able to allow visits to next Customers and allowed persons and will be published in due time.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Italo R.

    Dear Dr. Rossi, this is the greatest news I have heard recently:

    “…Now we pass from the testing era to the market era with the 1 MW plants in continuous industrial operation….”

    It means that there is a running plant somewhere (where?) from some time (how much time?) and it is fully satisfactory (is it true?)

    Now if you could tell us some more informations…

    Kind Regards,
    Italo R.

  • Wladimir Guglinski

    Dear Andrea

    If the results of third independent party and of the R&D in course will be positive, do you think will the positive result contribute and accelerate the process of getting the patent , and to put the eCat in the market ?

    regards
    wlad

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dr Joseph Fine:
    Thank you, I really appreciate.
    I am keeping my work as focused as never before. Now we pass from the testing era to the market era with the 1 MW plants in continuous industrial operation. IN MERCATO VERITAS.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Joseph Fine

    Dear Andrea,

    Best (early) wishes for a very happy Birthday.

    Keep on keeping on and keep up the good work!

    Positive regards,

    Joseph Fine

  • Andrea Rossi

    Frank Acland:
    We will give all the due particulars of this industrial application in the USA when we will open the visits to the plant in operation.
    Warm regards
    A.R.

  • Frank Acland

    Dear Andrea,

    You mention working on the 1 MW Plant — is this the low temperature, or hot cat plant?

    Many thanks,

    Frank Acland

  • Andrea Rossi

    Ing. Michelangelo De Meo:
    Thank you. Now, waiting for the results of the TIP, we are working very, very hard on the 1 MW plant. All what is happening around makes me extremely focused on it. In mercato veritas.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

Leave a Reply

You can use these HTML tags

<a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <s> <strike> <strong>