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by
Valeriy Y.Tarasov
E-mail: vytarasov@yahoo.com
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Abstract
The h-space theory is a variant of unified physical theory – a theory of everything.
This theory was built de novo, as the existing physical theories are incompatible and so unsuitable for unification.
A new approach is needed, and has been developed by re-evaluating the definitions of primary physical concepts.
The starting point for the re-evaluation was the following equation – Et = mvL, where energy – E, time – t, length – L, mass – m, velocity – v.
Analysis of these physical concepts resulted in the construction of a unique equation of the primary concepts such as space, length, energy and velocity.
From this, models could be developed that explain all well-known physical phenomena.
In addition, h-space theory predicts phenomena rejected by the current mainstream theories, such as limits to gravitational and electrostatic interactions, and the possibility of cold fusion (as a consequence of the electric charge definition, a modification of Coulomb’s law and the definitions of elementary particles in h-space theory).
The final section of this article describes a number of experimental tests that could be used to verify the h-space theory.
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Dear Andrea Rossi
you could invite Valeriy Y.Tarasov in order to come here to explain how from his h-Space Theory it is possible to explain the existence of hydrogen in the universe:
Since background neutrons continually hit the nuclei of atoms, how does Standard Nuclear Physics explain the persistence of 1H1 in the Universe in a very large proportion? Should not 1H1 turn into 1H2, 1H3, etc, with all of these isotopes later decaying into 1H2, 1H3, or 2He3, but never back into 1H1?
May you do it, Andrea?
regards
wlad
Ing. Michelangelo De Meo:
Thank you for the very interesting article on Huffingtonpost: is not biased, equilibrated and correct from his neutral point of view. To his references merit to be added the work of Brian Ahern and of Alexander Parkhomov, together with the theoretical papers of Carl Oscar Gullstroem of the Uppsala University.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
dear Dr. Rossi, I invite you to read this interesting article on the history of the history of cold fusion.
I also invite readers to read it.
Low Energy Nuclear Reactions: Papers and Patents
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-h-bailey/low-energy-nuclear-reacti_b_6189772.html
Jack:
I guess after the end of the test period of the 1 MW plant, if all goes well, but, as I always said, the results can be positive, but also negative. We have not experience consolidated statistics to foresee the outcome.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Italo R.:
You can say whatever you deem opportune.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi, the nasty way of having treated you during all these years has surely been unpleasant but, as you say, in a certain way you have to thank all those people.
We can note a sense of solace in your words. I can deduce that the 1MW plant is going very well, if I can say that…
Kind Regards,
Italo R.
Dear Mr. Rossi,
with “we are close to go commercial massively” what do you mean? Weeks? Months? Years? What is your guess?
Thank you,
Jack.
Question for all the nuclear physicists of the world:
Since background neutrons continually hit the nuclei of atoms, how does Standard Nuclear Physics explain the persistence of 1H1 in the Universe in a very large proportion? Should not 1H1 turn into 1H2, 1H3, etc, with all of these isotopes later decaying into 1H2, 1H3, or 2He3, but never back into 1H1?
regards
wlad
Joe wrote in December 28th, 2014 at 7:47 PM
Wladimir,
1. ===========================================
Since background neutrons continually hit the nuclei of atoms, how does QRT explain the persistence of 1H1 in the Universe in a very large proportion? Should not 1H1 turn into 1H2, 1H3, etc, with all of these isotopes later decaying into 1H2, 1H3, or 2He3, but never back into 1H1?
============================================
Joe,
I’m on the beach, and this is the reason why I did not respond you earlier.
I am responding now from a lan house.
Joe,
your question obviously cannot be explained by considering any nuclear model based on the Standard Nuclear Physics.
According to the Standard Nuclear Physics, 1H1 could not exist in the Universe.
Why dont you ask to Dr. JR to come here to explain it to us?
But according to Quantum Ring Theory, as I already told you, for a neutron entering a nucleus the neutron needs to perforate the flux n(o).
As I told you, according to my new nuclear model in order to form the deuterium 1H2 there is need 2 sort of energy:
1- the energy necessary to win the Coulomb repulsion
2- the energy necessary to perforate the flux n(o)
However, according to the Standard Nuclear Physics in order to form any nucleus there is need only the energy so that to win the Coulomb repulsion.
As there is no Coulomb repulsion between a proton and a neutron, then according to the Standard Model the 1H2 can be formed by neutrons of the background of neutrons.
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2. ============================================
How does QRT explain the following phenomenon:
For the lighter nuclei, continually adding a neutron will create a continual decrease in the half-life of the isotopes.
But for the heavier nuclei, starting from about 10Ne20, there is an alternating decrease and increase in the half-life of the isotopes.
===============================================
Joe,
as you know,
according to my new nuclar model, the heavier nuclei are formed by several hexagonal floors composed by 1H2 captured by the central 2He4.
In the case of the light nuclei, when a neutron is additioned to a nucleus, it is captured by the flux n(o).
The neutron needs to have a spin-interaction with a deuteron, in order to be kept in the nucleus.
For instance, in 3Li7 the neutron and the deuteron have spin-interaction.
If you put a second neutron, in the 3Li8 the second neutron has not a deuteron available so that to get spin-intereaction, and so the second neutron is expelled via the centrifugal force.
In the case of the heavier nuclei, the excess neutrons are captured:
1) between two 1H2 of a hexagonal floor (the neutron is not captured by the flux n(o) of the 2He4).
For instance, in the oxygen 8O17 the neutron is captured between two 1H2.
2) between two hexagonal floors, when the space available between two 1H2 in the same hexagonal floor is totally filled with neutrons.
10Ne20 has one complete hexagonal floor and one incomplete hexagonal floor.
Then the stability of the excess neutrons depends on the positiono of the neutron taken in the nucleus
regards
wlad
Curiosone:
Yes, I read it on the blog of Vessela Nikolova. Well, they are trying, so let them try: if they are roses, they will blossom ( a little bit rusty, maybe).
Warm Regards,
A.R.
JC Renoir:
No, it is impossible. To make an E-Cat work regularly for months you need more than that. As I said, the E-Cat is a much more complicated thing than commonly is imagined. The substantial underevaluation of what we did has given us a strong advantage, since instead of changing the game, the imitation attempts on course try to fix old schemes, thinking that if we did something working the difference must be something very small, close to evanescent. This attitude gave us a strong advantage in the competition. For years I have been considered an imbecile who has been lucky God knows why, who makes things without understanding what the heck is doing ( in the best of cases). Or, more kindly, a fraudster. Obviously this has been a big advantage for our Team. I can say this now, since we are close to go commercial massively. I think now is too late to catch us.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
DTravchenko:
Yes.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Georgehants:
Ask them.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Mr. Rossi, thank you for your reply.
Therefore if the authorities appreciated the importance of the lives that possible could be saved if your small unit was available quickly,then they could fast track the safety certificate as a priority for the benefit of mankind?
Georgehants:
We have domestic E-Cat models ready to work, if this is your question.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Mr. Rossi, the question must be asked.
If a safety certificate was given now, do you have a small Cat technically reliable and capable of driving water purifiers where needed.
You have said you are ready to produce domestic units by the million.
Best wishes
Henry Ethancourt:
Thank you very much for this link.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello… Some of you may have noticed this well-balanced appraisal of the 2nd report. En français.
http://www.agoravox.fr/tribune-libre/article/nucleaire-la-3eme-voie-161405
Henry
I have seen that some group of your competitors think the catalyzer is iron oxyde. Is it true? Are they on the right track?
Can you give some answer?
Thank you,
W.G.
Dear Andrea Rossi:
When you will have a patent granted or an economy scale that will make you free to disclose theory and operation of your plants, you think you will be able to reconcile the results of Lugano regarding the Ni 62?
Warm Regards,
DT
Dr Rossi:
Do you think it could be possible to make an industrial or domestic E-Cat, working every day for domestic or industrial customers, without using catalyzers, but only the fuel described in the Lugano Report?
JCR
Frank Acland:
As you know, I cannot give information about the operation of the plant, nor about its timing. Due information will be given only when the tests will have been completed.
The reduction of the volume of the reactors is not necessarily made when the plant is shut down, because the reactors can be worked on separately, while the others are in operation.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Two quick questions if you don’t mind.
a) You said your team was able to reduce the volume of reactors — did they have to shut down the plant to make this change?
b) When did the 1 year test begin.
Many thanks!
Frank
Koen Vandewalle:
You are right on this: the domestic E-Cats are totally different things.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Alessandro Coppi:
Thank you for your insight.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Rossi effect fantasious explanation:
With regard to the hard to explain need of external heat to sustain an exothermic reaction, I imagine that the Rossi effect does not happen in the inner of the charge, but the heat adducted produces a cloud of atoms such as the tetracarbonilnichel can do, and the triphase winding supplied by the voltage, produces a rotating magnetic field such the one in the asyncron electric motors, in that way the atoms of the cloud will rotate, and could change their spin, so that antimatter comes in the real dimension from vacuum.
The exothermic annihilation phenomena involve the space near the surface of the charge, and not the surface itself.
Cutting off the external heat surge, the cloud of atoms disappear and the effect shut off.
Spero che l’E-cat rappresenti per Lei quello che le rane hanno rappresentato per Volta.
Alessandro Coppi
Dear Andrea,
you wrote: “the confidential field of the complex (very complex) control and regulation system”.
Just a speculation of mine: Any transmutation, and the integration of all transmutations happening in the reactors, all different in time, location, temperature, consecutive order, and last but not least: pobabilistic behaviour of the particles, demands to be taken care of in the control system.
Do you really believe that this will become mainstream heating technique for domestic applications, which need for maintenance just replacement of the charges or the nickel ? I don’t.
It seems to me that the cartridges or reactors will be as complete devices, like harddisks of computers, with their own fine-tuned computer and firmware, which need to be recycled with the fuel, and need to be tuned with every single charge.
Complexity can be a very strong disadvantage in many ways.
I think that the chosen name: “industrial heat”, is a very correct one for a very long time.
Kind regards,
Koen
Frank Acland:
I cannot give any information regarding the performance. I can say that I am optimist about the behaviour of the I MW plant along the 1 year test. I can say that nothing happened that could turn me pessimist. So far. I must add, under the permanent direction of Orsobubu, that the final output could be positive, but also negative.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
How satisfied are you with the performance of the 1 MW plant so far?
Kind regards,
Frank Acland
Ing. Michelangelo De Meo:
Thank you for this interesting 3D version of the E-Cat.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Ing. Michelangelo De Meo:
Thank you for the interesting link to the Julian Schwinger paper, published on 22 Passi by Daniele Passerini.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi, I enclose an interesting article by a Nobel prize.
There are no impossible things.
There are just things that we have never tried to do.
Nuclear energy in an atomic lattice
– Order of causality
a short article ( almost the abstract of an earlier scientific paper ) written in 1991 by Nobel Julian Schwinger ( 1918-1994 ).
http://22passi.blogspot.it/2014/12/energia-nucleare-in-un-reticolo-atomico.html
Dear Dr. Rossi, I wanted to tell this interesting article that shows your patent in 3D and also said the path of cold fusion in the world.
http://eco-energie-montreal.com/post/e-cat-lugano-reaction-nucleaire-basse-energie-evenements-derniers-mois
Gian Luca:
The Italian scientists of our Team are two, which means me plus another one, specialized in electronic control systems: thanks to him we have been able to avoid to get external help for the confidential field of the complex (very complex) control and regulation system. Outsourcing the knowledge of the controls we need would be a leak of IP.
Thank you for the link.
Warm Regards and a Fruitful 2015 to you
A.R.
Dear A.R.
very interesting the interview of Vessynik on her blog.
http://www.ecat-thenewfire.com/blog/exclusive-interview-with-andrea-rossi/
I would like to know how many italians scientists work in IH or in
your research staff.
Thanks a lot and newly…..happy e fruitful 2015.
Marco:
In this period we are focused on the 1 MW plant and the development of the gas fueled Hot Cat. The experiment suggested by you is in the list of our R&D program, though.
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
have you performed, or at least designed, a test with molten sodium salts, instead of water, as I suggested a while ago?
I think that molten salts can extend SSM duration and/or stability…
Regards, Marco.
BroKeeper:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
I have wondered if you are focusing on developing ways of storing E-Cat’s excessive heat during low-peak demand hours. Batteries are still very bulky, expensive and degenerative.
Perhaps you might be interested in this cheap and radically improved concept of storing energy in the form of pressurized air with efficiencies now approaching 90%from ‘LightSail Energy’ and scientist Danielle Fong:
http://www.lightsail.com/
http://fortune.com/2014/12/31/danielle-fong-lightsail-energy/
http://www.engineering.com/DesignerEdge/DesignerEdgeArticles/ArticleID/7474/Compressed-Air-Energy-Storage–A-Moonshot-Project.aspx
http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/blogs/wiredenterprise/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/lightsail-diagrams.pdf
If energy can be stored at these efficiencies then the output requirements could be reduced significantly for oscillating demands. 10KW Cats could be met by 5KW Cats or reduce the number of 10KW Cats to reduce overall plant size.
Warm regards,
BroKeeper
Dr Joseph Fine:
I can say that the ratio between volume and power has still room to be reduced. The tale of the Incredible Shrinking Cat is not yet at “The End”. About the design of the assembly, it is so far confidential.
Warm, not Shrinking, Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Are the 100+ modules of the 1-MW plant arranged in a hexagonal ring (honeycomb) array, a rectangular array, or an offset-rectangular array (every other row offset by 1/2 the intermodule distance)?
Has total volume been minimized, or can the volume be further reduced following current tests? ( Volume reduction may not have been the primary goal of your design and subsequent designs may improve on its geometry. )
(‘ The Tale of the Incredible Shrinking Cat’ )
Volumes of regards,
Joseph Fine
Frank Acland:
Not just me, but our Team did.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
So you have redesigned the plant as you have worked on it?
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
Yes, the volume of the reactors has been reduced to about 1l/10kW.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Stefano:
You asked, in Italian, when the domestic E-Cat will go in the market.
Surely it will go in the market. The “when” depends on a factor that does not depend on us, which is the safety certification. We are working strong on it, as well as on the technology of the same, very well developed. Once obtained the certification we will unleash all the strategy to produce the E-Cats in economy scale, to make them competitive beyond any attempt of reverse engineering.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Chiedo scusa se faccio una banale domanda commerciale ma vorrei sapere, dopo aver registrato il mio nome per 2 unità abitative e aver aspettato molto tempo, quando è prevista la definitiva commercializzazione di E-CAT per abitazione civile?
Capisco che è una domanda banale e noiosa ma da anni sono in trepida attesa per questo incredibile e straordinario successo del Dr. Rossi a cui vanno i miei più sinceri Auguri di Buon Anno!
Stefano
Dear Andrea,
In November you mentioned that the current 1 MW E-Cat plant you are working on has a volume of reactors of half a cubic meter (500 liters of volume) — which would mean a power density of 2 kW per liter.
Today you mention a power density of 10 kW per liter (excluding heat exchangers). Is this for a different system?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Steven N. Karels:
Yes.
Maybe better.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi, (Hopefully the math is correct this time)
As I understand your cost goal of $100/kW for a mass produced eCat furnace, that mean an equivalent 90,000 BTU furnace (about 27kW) would cost around $2700 (not including installation, plumbing, etc). This would be approximately 3 times more expensive than a natural gas furnace.
a. Do you have a cost goal for the annual fuel costs so a comparison might be made?
Here in New England, an average heating season may cost around $4500 in fuel costs for a typical residential home. So if we assume a five year breakeven point analysis, then the oil furnace cost would be ($1,000 + 5 * $4500) = $23500. For the eCat to be competitive, the five year fuel cost would be $23500 – $2700 = $20800 or $4160 per year. Assuming a 27kW unit, the yearly cost per kW for fuel must be $154 per kW.
b. Do you think this level of eCat fuel cost is achievable?
Steven N. Karels:
90,000 BTU = 90 x 0.252 x 1.163 kW = 26.37684 kW
Now remake the math.
In any case, it is soon to talk of these particulars.
Warm Regards,
A.R.