Dear Andrea,
How will the reactor change take place?
1. The change takes place when the reactor stops working.
2. The control box will indicate in good time when it is time to change based on how it has been used?
3. After a fixed time interval.
How is recycling done?
4. The reactor must be disassembled
5. The reactor can be recharged without being disassembled.
With kind regards,
/P
Dear Dr Rossi,
When the E-Cat SKL reactor is depleted, will the cost of the newly charged
replacement reactor cost substantially less than the initial purchase?
Best regards,
Iggy
I stand in awe at the 95% electrical efficiency of the SKL currently under test and understand you are trying to push the percentage even higher. Along with direct electrical output, this is a most momentous achievement. As I recall, you had inspiration during your recent holiday that led to the improvement from 80% to 95%.
Can you give us a general idea what was involved in making this large jump in efficiency?
a) Controller software/parameter changes
b) Controller hardware/interface changes
c) Reactor hardware/fuel charge changes
As always, thank for you kind indulgence of our questions and best wishes on continued success with the SKL testing.
Chuck Davis:
You got the point in the first two lines of your comment.
Thank you for the suggeston, but now I have other priorities.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I think I an earlier post you mentioned that only the charge would need to be replaced every 6 months or so.
I wonder if when replacing the charge
1. The whole 100 cm^3 reactor Would be replaced?
2. A replaceable component of the reactor?
3 If case 2 is correct can you say how large this replaceable component is?
4. Would Replacing that component or reactor need to be done by a specialist engineer or could the user do this relatively easily like replacing a bulb, fuse or battery?
5. When you say the charge is recyclable does that mean you can reuse the charge after re processing in the e-cat SKL’s or the use it for other purposes?
6. If you can reuse it in the e-cat SKL is there any loss in efficiency after reprocessing?
7. Great to hear the test went well. Do you already have more in the pipeline?
Dear Andrea, I assume that your discouragement against the use of ecat in aircraft is to avoid any liability associated with a reliability issue in the ecat however once you release it for commercialization I am confident that you will disclose the procedure for overcoming the issue and once you do that every single person interested in air travel will begin working on a method to overcome the issue for aviation. Possible solutions may be redundant ecats, battery backup or maybe something as simple as automatic restart by the controller. The advantages of the ecat over batteries is so great that you will have an army of troubleshooters working to resolve the issue!
Some household white goods or industrial devices repeatedly switch on and off during operation, or the power draw can be irregular depending on conditions encountered during operation. Can the E-Cat SKL be connected directly to an erratic fluctuating load?
The presence of this line in the Ecat plasma spectrum is a possible indication of the existence of this type of pico-metric aggregate. A strong clue in this direction comes from observing that the amplitude of this spectral line is a clear function of the H isotope present in the plasma: the line is strongly reduced when deuterium is used instead of protium. This consideration is supported observing that D has a much smaller magnetogyric ratio than proton:
gD = 41.066 x 10^6 rad x s^-1 x T^-1
Consequently, considering the strong chemical similarity of deuterium and hydrogen, this macroscopic difference in spectral emission under the same conditions reveals its nuclear origin.
See also http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
paragraph 4
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Joseph Fine:
Thank you for the information, but I repeat that in this phase the deployment of the Ecat in flying objects is the last of our problem.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Here is my attempt to calculate the cost per
kWh generated by a possible E-Cat SKL-Household unit
(2 pcs SKL modules, 10 kW electric power)
during 15 years.
My assumptions:
1: SKL factory cost per kW: 200 $
2: Yearly “recharge” cost per kW: 50 $
3: Running time: 15 years
Calculations:
Total SKL hardware cost: 10*200 = 2000 $
Total recharge cost: 15*10*50 = 7500 $
Total SKL running cost: 9500 $
Total running hours: 15*365*24 = 124830
Total generated kWh: 124830*10kW = 1248300 kWh
Result:
Cost per kWh: 9500 $/1248300 = 0.008 $
Would you say your calculated cost per kWh is:
A: in similar range
B: more than double
C: less than 50%
How would you like to correct my assumptions?
1: ?
2: ?
3: ?
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Ltd. is working on a test aircraft that will use a 500 HP engine (composed of 3 ‘YASA’ 750R axial motors) to break the electric airplane speed record.
Is it possible to replace a significant fraction of the batteries used on the Rolls-Royce ‘ION BIRD’ so as to optimize range, cargo capacity etc. That is using E-CAT SKL Technology.
It doesn’t have to fly around the world. (For now)
JFI, according to the Oxford Dictionary, these are the current definitions of the word ‘Myth’.
1. A traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining a natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events: ‘ancient Celtic myths’
2. A widely held but false belief or idea: ‘the belief that evening primrose oil helps to cure eczema is a myth, according to dermatologists’
2.1 A misrepresentation of the truth: ‘attacking the party’s irresponsible myths about privatization’
2.2 A fictitious or imaginary person or thing: ‘nobody had ever heard of Simon’s mysterious friend – Anna said he was a myth’
2.3 An exaggerated or idealized conception of a person or thing: ‘the book is a scholarly study of the Churchill myth’
Within Europe there is a push for the “right to repair”, the intention is to expand the Ecodesign directive 2009/125/EC to require manufacturers to supply spare parts for up to 10 years, supply maintenance manuals, to design equipment to allow third parties to repair, i.e. avoiding sealed for life components, glued or welded closed, filled with cement or sealants, stop driving especially electrical and electronic parts to be thrown away rather than repaired, the expanded directive initially targeted at household electrical and electronic products starting 2021, some groups are already advocating for a wider coverage of product types.
There is also the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) directive 2012/19/EU regarding the supplier taking back used equipment ensuring it is disposed of and treated properly.
You will likely launch products that are conservative in design, within a few short years these will likely be superseded by more advanced versions, similar to most consumer electronics the early versions are unlikely to see their full design life, customers are always eager to upgrade, especially if the new version is say lighter and more compact, more energy dense, more versatile in its use, this will lead to a need for recycling from an early stage, or refurbishment and resale to a different market.
Even though the existing and proposed regulations are unlikely to impact your E-Cat’s, you will eventually face pressure from consumer organisations and others regarding recycling, even from an early stage you will likely have to evolve a system of taking back equipment to repair, upgrade, or recycle. Is it possible to design in from an early stage the ability to separate parts and materials for recycling or to even incorporate recycled materials from the start, perhaps also plug in modular in some way with the ability to upgrade parts like say electronics, to build in a target of recycling as high a percentage as possible for all parts over the full lifespan.
Bill Conley:
1- none of all
2- no
3- I do not know
4- I think tests will remain on course with somebody for ever, for many reasons
5- no
6- yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea, The ecat scenario is playing out just like I hoped it would with multiple clients working on the development of ecat driven products concurrent with the certification of the ecat! I will now admit to contacting several companies and countries urging them to do exactly that in order to get a jump on their competitors and to make products available for us all!
You have indicated that the operational lifespan of the E-Cat SKL may be 6 to 12 months, is this lifespan for the charge only or is there other parts of the full E-Cat SKL package that are also limited to a similar timespan, parts that would be regarded as consumables requiring replacement during a refill / service / refurbishment?
You have said that you are doing testing with multiple partners. Will it be possible for multiple companies to have agreements with Leonardo to use your technology at the same time, or will it be a case that the highest bidder can get an exclusive deal?
With all the effort you describe in fabricating your current SKL/controller assembly, I am curious as to what impact limited prototype SKLs may have on testing. A few questions related to that if you are able:
1) Is your decision to bring partners in for testing sequentially related to;
a) Limited SKL/Controllers?
b) Limited support staff?
c) Your personal availability?
d) Desire/need to segregate partners from one another?
2) Are you precluded from beginning longer-term off-site reliability and fuel consumption tests because of SKL/Controller availability?
3) Will multiple partners be conducting the tests as described in #2 above?
4) How many more weeks of in-lab partner testing do you anticipate?
5) Will the certification test schedule be affected by the availability of SKL hardware (and current 3rd-party tests using it)?
6) Are additional SKL/Controller prototypes currently being built?
As always, thank you for your openness to our questions and comments and my very best wishes for continued success with the SKL and testing.
Is the volume of the reactor 100 cubic cm?
Salvatore Boi:
Something like that,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Frank Acland:
1- yes
2- no
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Regarding the certification of the EC SKL:
1. Is the certification entity currently testing the SKL?
2. Do you think that the certification process will be completed during October?
Best regards,
Frank Acland
So we can assume that the change of the charge will be so easy like the change of the printer cartrige, or more easily?
Bill Conley:
A mix of all,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Iggy Dalrymple:
Yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Anonymous:
Yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
P:
3,5
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
How will the reactor change take place?
1. The change takes place when the reactor stops working.
2. The control box will indicate in good time when it is time to change based on how it has been used?
3. After a fixed time interval.
How is recycling done?
4. The reactor must be disassembled
5. The reactor can be recharged without being disassembled.
With kind regards,
/P
Dr Rossi,
Is the certification process still going on ?
Dear Dr Rossi,
When the E-Cat SKL reactor is depleted, will the cost of the newly charged
replacement reactor cost substantially less than the initial purchase?
Best regards,
Iggy
Dear Andrea,
I stand in awe at the 95% electrical efficiency of the SKL currently under test and understand you are trying to push the percentage even higher. Along with direct electrical output, this is a most momentous achievement. As I recall, you had inspiration during your recent holiday that led to the improvement from 80% to 95%.
Can you give us a general idea what was involved in making this large jump in efficiency?
a) Controller software/parameter changes
b) Controller hardware/interface changes
c) Reactor hardware/fuel charge changes
As always, thank for you kind indulgence of our questions and best wishes on continued success with the SKL testing.
Bill
KeithT:
There would not be problems.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Chuck Davis:
You got the point in the first two lines of your comment.
Thank you for the suggeston, but now I have other priorities.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Stephen:
1. yes
2. no
3. n.a.
4. easy to do by the Client
5. can be reused in the Ecat
6. no
7. yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
I think I an earlier post you mentioned that only the charge would need to be replaced every 6 months or so.
I wonder if when replacing the charge
1. The whole 100 cm^3 reactor Would be replaced?
2. A replaceable component of the reactor?
3 If case 2 is correct can you say how large this replaceable component is?
4. Would Replacing that component or reactor need to be done by a specialist engineer or could the user do this relatively easily like replacing a bulb, fuse or battery?
5. When you say the charge is recyclable does that mean you can reuse the charge after re processing in the e-cat SKL’s or the use it for other purposes?
6. If you can reuse it in the e-cat SKL is there any loss in efficiency after reprocessing?
7. Great to hear the test went well. Do you already have more in the pipeline?
Best Regards
Stephen.
Dear Andrea, I assume that your discouragement against the use of ecat in aircraft is to avoid any liability associated with a reliability issue in the ecat however once you release it for commercialization I am confident that you will disclose the procedure for overcoming the issue and once you do that every single person interested in air travel will begin working on a method to overcome the issue for aviation. Possible solutions may be redundant ecats, battery backup or maybe something as simple as automatic restart by the controller. The advantages of the ecat over batteries is so great that you will have an army of troubleshooters working to resolve the issue!
Warm regards,
Chuck Davis
Dear Andrea,
Some household white goods or industrial devices repeatedly switch on and off during operation, or the power draw can be irregular depending on conditions encountered during operation. Can the E-Cat SKL be connected directly to an erratic fluctuating load?
Regards,
Keith Thomson.
It has been made yesterday and has been positive.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi:
Last week you said this week another test was scheduled in: how is it going ?
Valentin
The presence of this line in the Ecat plasma spectrum is a possible indication of the existence of this type of pico-metric aggregate. A strong clue in this direction comes from observing that the amplitude of this spectral line is a clear function of the H isotope present in the plasma: the line is strongly reduced when deuterium is used instead of protium. This consideration is supported observing that D has a much smaller magnetogyric ratio than proton:
gD = 41.066 x 10^6 rad x s^-1 x T^-1
Consequently, considering the strong chemical similarity of deuterium and hydrogen, this macroscopic difference in spectral emission under the same conditions reveals its nuclear origin.
See also
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
paragraph 4
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Joseph Fine:
Thank you for the information, but I repeat that in this phase the deployment of the Ecat in flying objects is the last of our problem.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Sven B:
Thank you for your analysis. I prefer to elaborate these data during the presentation, when we will be ready.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Here is my attempt to calculate the cost per
kWh generated by a possible E-Cat SKL-Household unit
(2 pcs SKL modules, 10 kW electric power)
during 15 years.
My assumptions:
1: SKL factory cost per kW: 200 $
2: Yearly “recharge” cost per kW: 50 $
3: Running time: 15 years
Calculations:
Total SKL hardware cost: 10*200 = 2000 $
Total recharge cost: 15*10*50 = 7500 $
Total SKL running cost: 9500 $
Total running hours: 15*365*24 = 124830
Total generated kWh: 124830*10kW = 1248300 kWh
Result:
Cost per kWh: 9500 $/1248300 = 0.008 $
Would you say your calculated cost per kWh is:
A: in similar range
B: more than double
C: less than 50%
How would you like to correct my assumptions?
1: ?
2: ?
3: ?
Kind regards
Sven B
Why is it so important the 4.372 x 10^-7 m wavelength peak in the spectrum visible on
http://www.ecatskdemo.com
?
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Ltd. is working on a test aircraft that will use a 500 HP engine (composed of 3 ‘YASA’ 750R axial motors) to break the electric airplane speed record.
Is it possible to replace a significant fraction of the batteries used on the Rolls-Royce ‘ION BIRD’ so as to optimize range, cargo capacity etc. That is using E-CAT SKL Technology.
It doesn’t have to fly around the world. (For now)
See:
https://techxplore.com/news/2020-09-rolls-royce-plane-technology-electric.html
https://www.yasa.com/yasa-750/
https://magneticsmag.com/axial-flux-permanent-magnet-motor-from-yasa-at-center-of-rolls-royce-project-to-set-all-electric-flight-speed-record/
Do you think this is a possibility? I thought this was 20 years in the future.
Uplifting regards,
Joseph Fine
KeithT:
Thank you for the suggestions.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Rodney Nicholson:
Yes, the first meaning is the closest to the classic Greek.
Best
Nick
JFI, according to the Oxford Dictionary, these are the current definitions of the word ‘Myth’.
1. A traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining a natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events: ‘ancient Celtic myths’
2. A widely held but false belief or idea: ‘the belief that evening primrose oil helps to cure eczema is a myth, according to dermatologists’
2.1 A misrepresentation of the truth: ‘attacking the party’s irresponsible myths about privatization’
2.2 A fictitious or imaginary person or thing: ‘nobody had ever heard of Simon’s mysterious friend – Anna said he was a myth’
2.3 An exaggerated or idealized conception of a person or thing: ‘the book is a scholarly study of the Churchill myth’
Dear Andrea,
Within Europe there is a push for the “right to repair”, the intention is to expand the Ecodesign directive 2009/125/EC to require manufacturers to supply spare parts for up to 10 years, supply maintenance manuals, to design equipment to allow third parties to repair, i.e. avoiding sealed for life components, glued or welded closed, filled with cement or sealants, stop driving especially electrical and electronic parts to be thrown away rather than repaired, the expanded directive initially targeted at household electrical and electronic products starting 2021, some groups are already advocating for a wider coverage of product types.
There is also the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) directive 2012/19/EU regarding the supplier taking back used equipment ensuring it is disposed of and treated properly.
You will likely launch products that are conservative in design, within a few short years these will likely be superseded by more advanced versions, similar to most consumer electronics the early versions are unlikely to see their full design life, customers are always eager to upgrade, especially if the new version is say lighter and more compact, more energy dense, more versatile in its use, this will lead to a need for recycling from an early stage, or refurbishment and resale to a different market.
Even though the existing and proposed regulations are unlikely to impact your E-Cat’s, you will eventually face pressure from consumer organisations and others regarding recycling, even from an early stage you will likely have to evolve a system of taking back equipment to repair, upgrade, or recycle. Is it possible to design in from an early stage the ability to separate parts and materials for recycling or to even incorporate recycled materials from the start, perhaps also plug in modular in some way with the ability to upgrade parts like say electronics, to build in a target of recycling as high a percentage as possible for all parts over the full lifespan.
Regards,
Keith Thomson.
Salvatore Boi:
Your encouragement and good wishes are important for our Team.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Frank Acland:
Yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Rod Walton:
Thank you for the update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
On Power Enfineering issue of September 29 2020:
Nuclear, flexibility needed in future renewables-led powergen sector
Rod Walton
Dear Andrea,
Are you currently seeking to build contacts with new potential partners?
Kind regards,
Frank Acland
I believe the ECAT SKL only exists in its laboratories and test sites.
How much do you benefit from our encouragement and good wishes?
Bill Conley:
1- none of all
2- no
3- I do not know
4- I think tests will remain on course with somebody for ever, for many reasons
5- no
6- yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
WaltC:
Myth comes from ancient Greek, means mythical. Your version is a distortion of the original meaning.
Frank Acland:
I am looking for multiple agreements. A big global family.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
KeithT:
Only the charges are going to be consumables, but entirely recyclable,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Gian Luca:
Both.
No noise.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Chuck Davis:
I am doing my best.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea, The ecat scenario is playing out just like I hoped it would with multiple clients working on the development of ecat driven products concurrent with the certification of the ecat! I will now admit to contacting several companies and countries urging them to do exactly that in order to get a jump on their competitors and to make products available for us all!
Warm regards,
Chuck Davis
Dear Andrea,
capital partner, technical partner or both?
Another question.
SKL do a noise?
Thanks
Dear Andrea,
You have indicated that the operational lifespan of the E-Cat SKL may be 6 to 12 months, is this lifespan for the charge only or is there other parts of the full E-Cat SKL package that are also limited to a similar timespan, parts that would be regarded as consumables requiring replacement during a refill / service / refurbishment?
Regards,
Keith Thomson.
Dear Andrea,
You have said that you are doing testing with multiple partners. Will it be possible for multiple companies to have agreements with Leonardo to use your technology at the same time, or will it be a case that the highest bidder can get an exclusive deal?
Kind regards,
Frank Acland
Nick,
Based on context, perhaps you meant something like “Your resiliency is legendary”?
Myth would mean ‘a longstanding falsehood’.
WaltC
Dear Andrea,
With all the effort you describe in fabricating your current SKL/controller assembly, I am curious as to what impact limited prototype SKLs may have on testing. A few questions related to that if you are able:
1) Is your decision to bring partners in for testing sequentially related to;
a) Limited SKL/Controllers?
b) Limited support staff?
c) Your personal availability?
d) Desire/need to segregate partners from one another?
2) Are you precluded from beginning longer-term off-site reliability and fuel consumption tests because of SKL/Controller availability?
3) Will multiple partners be conducting the tests as described in #2 above?
4) How many more weeks of in-lab partner testing do you anticipate?
5) Will the certification test schedule be affected by the availability of SKL hardware (and current 3rd-party tests using it)?
6) Are additional SKL/Controller prototypes currently being built?
As always, thank you for your openness to our questions and comments and my very best wishes for continued success with the SKL and testing.
Bill
Gerard McEk:
1- yes
2- yes
3- yes
4- it depends on the power
Warm Regards,
A.R.