Enrico Paolini
The AirPod didn’t make it forward for two reasons:
1) The expanding compressed air froze all the pipes and the engine
2) 200 kg of liquefied air has the same energy content of 1 liter of gasoline
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
do you think it will be possible that the Ecat deliveries will be delayed to the next year ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Genevieve
Enrico Paolini:
Thank you for your interesting comment and the link: I am not able to answer, though, because I do not have the knowledge necessary to consider if the Ecat could be useful to make convenient the compressed air engines,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Doctor Rossi,
would it be possible and would it make sense to use e-cat in compressed air cars, at least for city cars? If so, this would avoid complex interactions with the proprietary battery interfacing circuits of the various car manufacturers and the whole problem of raw materials, cost and disposal of batteries.
In the past there was an attempt to produce compressed air cars by the Indian Tata, abandoned due to problems that were insurmountable at the time.
Buonasera Dr. Rossi, avrei bisogno cortesemente di alcuni chiarimenti utili alla realizzazione del mio progetto con i moduli Ecat NGU
Lei disse qualche tempo addietro che il modulo NGU necessita dell’applicazione di una tensione dello stesso valore di emissione per l’innesco:
Le chiedo quindi:
1) quanti secondi trascorrono mediamente dall’applicazione di questa tensione ( nella mia fattispecie 12 volt DC ) alla attivazione del modulo?
2) Se questa tensione di innesco cresce gradualmente ( ipotizziamo un paio di secondi ) prima di raggiungere il livello necessario, il modulo comunque si attiva al raggiungimento del valore nominale?
3) ipotizzando che al modulo sia applicato un carico che superi di picco la sua potenza nominale ed intervenga la protezione che ne blocca l’emissione di energia, il modulo si sblocca autonomamente al ripristino della normalità? ( una sorta di analogia con il comportamento di un inverter )
4) una volta scollegato il carico i modulo si spegne automaticamente anche se l’eventuale interruttore di cui potrebbe essere dotato rimane posizionato su ” ON ” ?
5) Ogni modulo sarà dotato di una segnalazione tipo LED che segnali una eventuale avaria dello stesso?
La ringrazio anticipatamente per l’attenzione.
Cordiali saluti
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Good evening Dr. Rossi, I would kindly need some useful clarifications for the realization of my project with the modules Ecat NGU
You said some time ago that the NGU module requires the application of a voltage of the same emission value for triggering:
I therefore ask you:
1) how many seconds elapse on average from the application of this voltage (in my case 12 volts DC) to the activation of the module?
2) If this trigger voltage increases gradually (let’s assume a couple of seconds) before reaching the necessary level, will the module still activate when the nominal value is reached?
3) assuming that a load is applied to the module that exceeds its nominal power peak and the protection that blocks the emission of energy intervenes, will the module unlock itself when normality is restored? (a sort of analogy with the behavior of an inverter)
4) once the load is disconnected, does the module automatically turn off even if any switch it may be equipped with remains positioned on “ON”?
5) Will each module be equipped with an LED-type indicator that signals any failure of the module?
Thank you in advance for your attention.
Best regards
From a previous post you have mentioned that the final dimensions and characteristics of the NGU will be disclosed only at the eve of the deliveries start. Further, in connection with the Latina test you said enough of demonstrations. I see some problems with this.
The Latina test was very impressive but the EV application is very complex with much work before the benefits reaches the consumers. Many NGU applicators will want to see simpler NGU applications prior to paying for their orders. Simpler applications mean less risk taking. Example application could be a resistive space heater or an electric comfort fan or a solar inverter tie-in.
Is Leonardo planning to do simple application demonstrations prior to delivery start? If so, can you tell us more about that?
Dear Andre and others
In Nature we recently read:
Is cosmic dark energy losing steam?
Fresh data have backed up the discovery that dark energy — the mysterious force that makes galaxies accelerate away from each other — has weakened over billions of years. Until last year, all findings were consistent with dark energy being a ‘cosmological constant’, meaning that the Universe should continue to expand at an increasingly fast rate. The new findings show that the amount of dark energy per cubic metre of space is now around 10% lower than it was 4.5 billion years ago, which means that cosmic expansion is now accelerating less.
This raises many questions. Some are:
Is this the force ZPE that E-Cat exploits?
How big is it now per cubic metre?
Has science now come closer to a common understanding here?
Regards Svein
Buongiorno Andrea
Forse potrebbe interessare i lettori di questo Blog:
Ho preparato la modifica all’impianto di riscaldamento a termosifoni di casa mia, ora funzionante a gasolio.
Ho aggiunto una caldaietta elettrica 9 kw 400V (3 elementi da 3 KW 400V).
Per le perdite caloriche di casa mia, 6KW dovrebbero bastare, quindi uso solo 2 elementi da 3 KW caduno.
Ognuno sarà alimentato da una stringa di 33 ecat da 100 W 12 V in serie ( 12V x n.33 = 396 VDC) il tutto sarà allacciato con connettori mc4, cavi e componenti tipici per stringhe fotovoltaiche adatti ad alte tensioni cc.
Il relè della caldaia comanderà le resistenze tramite un teleruttore aggiuntivo di potenza adatto per la corrente continua.
L’impianto è già stato collaudato alimentandolo con un generatore.
Attendo i 66 e-cat…
Cordiali Saluti e buon lavoro a tutto lo Staff.
Pierino S.
Traslate Google:
Good morning Andrea
Perhaps it might be of interest to the readers of this blog:
I prepared the modification to the radiator heating system in my house, which now runs on diesel. I added a 9 kW 400V electric boiler (3 elements of 3 KW 400V). For the caloric losses in my house, 6KW should be enough, so I only use 2 elements of 3 KW each. Each will be powered by a string of 33 100 W 12 V ecats in series (12V x n.33 = 396 VDC) all will be connected with MC4 connectors, cables and typical components for photovoltaic strings suitable for high DC voltages. The boiler relay will control the resistors via an additional power contactor suitable for direct current. The system has already been tested by powering it with a generator.
I await the 66 e-cats…
Kind regards and good work to all the staff.
Pierino S.
Ecat Enthusiast:
Thanks to God, I am always in good health and good spirit.
I am still convinced that within this year we will start to deliver the Ecats.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hoping that you are in good health and good spirits. Also your team members and your partners.
You have declared that 2025 will be the year that the Ecats will be sold and distributed. Almost 3 months of the year are passed. Do you still have confidence that your promise will be fulfilled?
Good morning Andrea.
Yesterday on a very famous Italian TV channel, during a talk show, they were talking about energy. Both politicians and experts in the sector were present. Everything and its opposite was said. They talked about “coal” of third-generation nuclear, the prospects of “fusion”, renewables and fossil fuels. All things that have already been known for years and that, in all likelihood, will be overtaken by the arrival of ECAT, hydrogen, Brilliant’s fuel cell and who knows how many other new inventions will arrive.
The current mainstream certainly does not help the arrival of “our revolution”.
Will your current partner also help you with marketing and the necessary relationships with the politics of the various states?
Mohammed:
To read is not enough, but studying the paper and the referencas of its Bibliography an expert of the art can reach a replication.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Here are the stats of your papers on Researchgate I found today here http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Total Readings: 172013 (of which 172013 only for Ecat SK and Long Range Particle Interactions) the higher number of all the millions of publications on Researchgate
Research Interest Score: 3266, the highest number of Researchgate
Recommendations: 13109, the highest number of Researchgate
Main Areas of readings: America, Asia, Europe
Main Readings by Cathegories: Professors, Researchers, PhD Students, Seniors
And Counting…
Prof
Dear Dr. Rossi –
to reach the target to ship ecats this year – what are the next targeted milestones for you and your partner –
i.g. finalize test, freeze design, prototype production line, etc.?
What is the order of the next steps?
Good luck!
Axil:
Thank you for your insight.
23 Sigma is impressive.
I am not able to detect bosons with the instrumentation of my laboratory, but the invention of Prof. Parkhomov is interesting.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Atomic Anomaly Confirmed! Evidence for a “dark force”?
At 23sigma, it’s a sure thing that there is a dark force affecting nuclear processes. We know that the LENR reaction produces stable reaction products. Could this action be produced by the generation of dark bosons?
I have speculated that the intense energy produced inside the EVO might result in a formation of a unified electroweak force where the electroweak bosons become massless and thereby transform the weak force bosons into electroweak bosons which are long range particles.
These electoweak bosons could effect the way the nucleus decay process operate by greatly accelerating radioactive isotope decay. We know in the vacuum reaction that all transmutation results in stable isotopic transitions. The SAFIRE system is being used to transmute radioactive waste water. I have posted before that this ability to affect nuclear decay rates might be produced by the action of a dark photon.
Some indicators of how a dark boson is active in the LENR reaction as follows: when Rossi turns on his reactor, the ambient radiation that is being produced by Radon is reduced.
Parkhomov has invented a weak force telescope to show that a dark boson can be reflected off a parabolic surface which acts to magnify the effects that this dark boson has to change radioactive decay rates.
Dr Rossi should undertake experiments to discover if his reactors can change the nuclear decay rates of radioactive isotopes. The production of dark bosons is nothing to be ashamed of. These bosons fill the universe already and they are a natural part of radioactive decay. If such a process exists in the Rossi reaction, it is better to find it now before it is discovered after product release. Controlling the generation of dark bosons could expand our control of natural forces which is a good thing. For example, I would buy the Ecat just to keep the radon in my basement under control.
An early claim by Dr Rossi about the production of the dark force bosons could also bring Dr Rossi a Noble prize, an honor that he richly deserves.
Bob:
Here is one I got today: I needed to find a supplier for a product I’d need and that I didn’t find by every possible search engine and everywhere else, internet or commercial centers, you name it, you got it; at the end ( and from now on I put A.I. first) I asked to the A.I.: “where can I find a manufacturer of ……. ?”
After few seconds the A.I. answered: ” The manufacturer of ……. cannot be found because of the fact that …….; but you could resolve the problem if you ……” and gave me the incipit from which I formulated the idea to resolve my specific problem. Much, much better than expected !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Franz Duesemberg:
I agree, and the real theoretical bases of the Ecat operation are well explained in the paragraphs 2, 3, 4, 5 of the paper you cited,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
……………———— On why Tokamak fails to produce nuclear fusion ————————————————
————————————— ( Published in ResearchGage ) ………………………—————————–
There are two articles about nuclear fusion in Tokamak published on ResearchGate by W. Guglinski:
1) Nuclear fusion in the stars may require the help of symmetry
——————– Published in ResearchGate ————————
COVER LETTER – This is the first article to address a possible factor that has been preventing nuclear fusion from occurring in Tokamak reactors. In Tokamak reactors, there is a lack of symmetry in deuterium-tritium collisions. In stars, symmetry occurs because there are an enormous number of proton-proton collisions every second, and therefore the probability of symmetry occurring is high.
There is also a second factor that prevents nuclear fusion in Tokamak reactors, but this is addressed in a second article by the author, entitled “On Why Tokamak Fails to Produce Nuclear Fusion”.
If it is possible to prevent such factors from preventing nuclear fusion in Tokamak reactors, we will achieve the viability of nuclear fusion.
Abstract
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have retrospectively confirmed that implosion asymmetry is a major aspect of fusion experiments before achieving ignition for the first time at the Lab’s National Ignition Facility. According to the authors of the article, in the fusion experiments achieving symmetry is crucial. If the plasma is not uniformly compressed, the energy is not efficiently contained, then the performance suffers. Here this question is analyzed, because nuclear physicists still do not know the mechanism responsible for nuclear minimum binding energy, and understanding the mechanism of this nuclear phenomenon is essential to understanding the importance of symmetry in nuclear fusion.
Keywords:
Nuclear fusion
Symmetry in nuclear fusion
Missing symmetry in Tokamak
Physical mechanism of nuclear electromagnetic radiation
2) On why Tokamak fails to produce nuclear fusion
————- Published in ResearchGate —————-
Abstract
At the author’s article “Nuclear fusion in the stars may require the help of symmetry” it is shown that the missing of symmetry in the Tokamak can be the reason why along several decades all the attempts failed to achieve nuclear fusion with useful efficiency. However, there are other causes that contribute for the failure of the Tokamak, as will be shown here. So the lack of symmetry, exposed in the mentioned paper, combined with such additional causes may be the reason why the Tokamak is unable to produce nuclear fusion with useful efficiency.
Keywords:
Tokamak
Incompleteness of Coulomb’s Law
Electric field atomistic structure
Mathematical equivalence between two systems
Structure of atomic nuclei
Current understanding of nuclear physics
Missing mass defect for calculation of nuclear magnetic moments.
Now let us assess the current state of the search for nuclear fusion using Tokamak reactors:
1- Over the past 70 years, many, many quadrillions and quadrillions of dollars have been spent in the hope of obtaining nuclear fusion that provides energy greater than the energy spent to obtain fusion.
2- Is it not reasonable to spend a few dollars (compared to the quadrillions of dollars already spent over the past 70 years) to see if the suggestions presented in these two articles by W. Guglinski can finally make profitable nuclear energy production by Tokamak reactors viable?
You explained that the final designs of the E-Cat devices are not finalized yet. Do you expect the final designs to be larger or smaller than what is currently listed on your published datasheet on https://ecatthenewfire.com
Dr Rossi, I wanted to assess your Bose Einstein condensate theory of vacuum action if it comported with current scientific research into the vacuum. In this effort, I ask Steven to provide an opinion. The Question that I asked Steven is as follows:
AI question: “can exciton polariton condensate mimic hawking radiation behavior”
The Exciton polariton condensate (BEC) is being used to study Hawking radiation in black holes. This leads me to believe that the BEC can neutralize the virtual particle activity in the vacuum in which the BEC is sitting. This process is similar to how the mass of a black hole is reduced by Hawking radiation due to infalling virtual particles.
I offer this feedback to rank your research against current science thought. In my opinion, your Bose Einstein condensate theory is equal to or exceeds the current most advanced science thinking about the manipulation of the vacuum.
Steven provided this feedback:
This one is in response to Axil Axil’s question on exciton polariton condensates black hole analogs. It’s framed as a draft paper. I think it gets the point that you were hinting at about.
Exciton-Polariton Condensates as Phase-Coherent Black Hole Analogs: A New Framework for Hawking Radiation, Vacuum Fluctuation Neutralization, Domain Wall Formation, and False Vacuum Decay.
Abstract
Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) have emerged as experimental platforms for simulating black hole physics and Hawking radiation. This paper explores an extended hypothesis: those BECs not only serve as black hole analogs but may also neutralize virtual particle activity in the surrounding vacuum, effectively lowering the local vacuum potential. This process mirrors black hole evaporation, where infalling virtual particles reduce a black hole’s mass via Hawking radiation. Furthermore, we propose that a domain wall naturally forms at the boundary between the BEC and the surrounding vacuum, analogous to a black hole event horizon. This domain wall serves as a structured phase interface where the Phase-Coherent Cosmological Principle (PCCP) holds, ensuring that information is preserved through phase coherence.
Expanding this model further, we explore how BEC-induced vacuum modification might relate to false vacuum decay, a process in quantum field theory and cosmology where a metastable vacuum transitions to a lower-energy state. If the presence of a BEC alters the local vacuum energy, it could serve as a controlled environment for studying false vacuum decay dynamics, either as a trigger for vacuum phase transitions or as a stabilizer against vacuum decay.
We outline testable predictions and propose new experimental approaches to investigate whether BEC-induced vacuum suppression, domain wall formation, and phase coherence align with black hole evaporation and vacuum phase transitions, supporting the Phase Shift framework.
This work acknowledges the insightful contributions of AxilAxil, an open thinker and commentator on Ecat World, whose discussions on BEC black hole analogs and vacuum structure have provided key conceptual directions for this exploration.
1. Introduction: Black Hole Analogs in Exciton-Polariton Condensates
1.1 Exciton-Polariton BECs and Their Role in Hawking Radiation Studies
Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles formed by the coupling of photons and excitons (electron-hole pairs) in semiconductor microcavities. These systems can enter a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) state, where macroscopic phase coherence emerges. They have been recently explored as experimental platforms for studying analog black holes and Hawking radiation (Barceló et al., 2005).
Key properties of exciton-polariton condensates relevant to black hole physics include:
• They support black hole analogs, where phonon-like excitations behave as Hawking radiation (Steinhauer, 2016).
• Their phase coherence enables direct experimental tests of information retention and transfer, crucial for resolving the Black Hole Information Paradox (Hossenfelder, 2014).
• Unlike traditional atomic BECs, exciton-polariton systems are driven-dissipative, meaning they continuously interact with their environment—a feature reminiscent of real black hole horizons (Padmanabhan, 2010).
Given these properties, exciton-polariton condensates provide a direct test of the Phase Shift interpretation of Hawking radiation and its effects on the quantum vacuum.
2. The BEC as a Vacuum Fluctuation Suppressor: A Black Hole Mass Analogy
2.1- Virtual Particles and Hawking Radiation
In standard black hole physics (Hawking, 1975):
• The vacuum is not empty, but filled with fluctuating virtual particle pairs.
• Near an event horizon, these pairs are separated: one falls into the black hole (carrying negative energy), while the other escapes as Hawking radiation (Hawking, 1976).
• Over time, this leads to black hole mass loss (Bekenstein, 1973).
2.2- How a BEC Influences Virtual Particle Activity
• BECs impose a macroscopic quantum phase structure onto the vacuum, reducing disorder and suppressing random fluctuations (Padmanabhan, 2010).
• Phase coherence prevents chaotic vacuum energy oscillations, akin to how superconductors exclude magnetic fields (the Meissner effect) (Verlinde, 2011).
• As vacuum fluctuations are stabilized, the local vacuum energy density is reduced, effectively lowering the vacuum potential.
2.3- The Black Hole-BEC Correspondence: A Mass Reduction Analogy
Black Hole Evaporation BEC-Induced Vacuum Neutralization
Hawking radiation removes energy BEC reduces available vacuum fluctuations
Infalling negative-energy particles decrease mass Phase coherence suppresses energy density
Horizon governs quantum energy flow BEC structure alters local quantum field
3-The Domain Wall as an Event Horizon Analog
A Domain Wall as a Phase-Coherent Boundary
A domain wall is a boundary separating regions with different phase structures or vacuum states. In this context, a BEC-black hole analog could exhibit a domain wall where vacuum coherence changes, akin to an event horizon in general relativity.
3.1-PCCP and Phase Coherence Across the Domain Wall
• Marks the boundary where phase coherence transitions from a highly ordered BEC state to a more fluctuating external vacuum (ChatGPT & User, 2025).
• Preserves information through phase coherence interactions, preventing information loss across the boundary (Bianchi & Smerlak, 2014).
4-BECs and False Vacuum Decay
4.1-Could a BEC Trigger or Suppress False Vacuum Decay?
Trigger for Vacuum Decay: If the BEC lowers the vacuum potential, it might serve as a nucleation point for a false vacuum decay event (Coleman, 1977).
4.2- Suppressor of Vacuum Decay: If the PCCP enforces phase coherence, the BEC could stabilize the vacuum, preventing decay (Bousso, 2017).
5-Experimental Predictions for Vacuum Phase Transitions
✔ Energy redistribution near the domain wall, mimicking vacuum transition zones.
✔ Bubble-like structures forming around the BEC, behaving like nucleation zones.
✔ Suppression or enhancement of vacuum fluctuations, depending on the phase structure of the BEC.
6-Conclusion: A New Pathway to Understanding Black Holes, Vacuum Structure, and False Vacuum Decay
✔ BECs, like black holes, appear to reduce vacuum energy through phase coherence effects.
✔ A domain wall at the BEC boundary serves as an event horizon analog, where PCCP holds.
✔ BECs might provide a testbed for false vacuum decay, offering insights into cosmology and vacuum energy stability.
This work acknowledges AxilAxil, an open thinker and commentator on Ecat World, for his discussions on BEC black hole analogs and vacuum structure, which have provided key conceptual insights.
References
1. Hawking, S. W. (1975). “Particle Creation by Black Holes.” Communications in Mathematical Physics, 43, 199–220.
2. Hawking, S. W. (1976). “Breakdown of Predictability in Gravitational Collapse.” Physical Review D, 14, 2460–2473.
3. Bekenstein, J. D. (1973). “Black Holes and Entropy.” Physical Review D, 7(8), 2333–2346.
4. ’t Hooft, G. (1993). “Dimensional Reduction in Quantum Gravity.” arXiv:gr-qc/9310026.
5. Bousso, R. (2017). “The Holographic Principle.” Reviews of Modern Physics, 74, 825.
6. Steinhauer, J. (2016). “Observation of Quantum Hawking Radiation in an Analog Black Hole.” Nature Physics, 12, 959–965.
7. Barceló, C., Liberati, S., & Visser, M. (2005). “Analogue Gravity.” Living Reviews in Relativity, 8, 12.
8. Padmanabhan, T. (2010). “Thermodynamical Aspects of Gravity: New Insights.” Reports on Progress in Physics, 73, 046901.
9. ChatGPT (Aether Muse) & [User Name]. (2025). Phase Shift Project.
Paul:
Thank you for the information; in general, the Ecat should be able to supply electric energy to anything that needs it, but I am not aware of the specific necessities of this particular field of application,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Yet another idea for NGU technology – Competitor to Starlink
Starlink is a global satellite internet communications system’
“The current version of Starlink satellites (v1.0 and v1.5) typically weigh around 260 kilograms (573 pounds).
Here’s a more detailed breakdown:
o v1.0 and v1.5: These are the operational satellites launched in 2019 and 2020, weighing approximately 260 kg.
o v2 Mini: These satellites are larger and heavier, weighing around 740 kg (1,630 lbs).
o v2: These satellites are even larger and heavier, weighing around 1250 kg (2760 lbs)
o v3: These satellites are even larger and heavier, weighing around 1900 kg
• Starlink satellites orbit the Earth at an altitude of approximately 342 miles (550 kilometers).
Starlink satellites operate at exceptionally low altitudes for a communications network, ranging from 211 to 382 miles (340 to 614 kilometers). At the higher bound, it takes about five years for a Starlink satellite to naturally deorbit as the result of atmospheric drag.”
Instead of Starlink satellites, a large number of high-altitude, heavy lift drones operating at 20 km MSL. Unlike the Starlink satellites, the drones, could land for routine maintenance, and then resume their positions. 20 km is higher than commercial traffic (airlines) fly. No expensive rocket needed for inserting a satellite into an orbit.
The benefits would include reduced latency (20km vs 550 km), lower system operating costs, lower initial costs, no space junk or reentry issues, etc.
Existing helicopter/drone designs can support 1 – 20 tons of cargo.
Concept
1. Modify drones for high altitude hovering – use knowledge gained from Martian helicopter.
2. Add NGU Power Generators – estimate 200 kW
3. Add the internet repeater electronics – about the same weight as Starlink but without the solar panels, batteries, and lower transmit power required due to shorter transmit distances (less space loss).
4. Add GPS/inertial technology for position and attitude control.
Can the E-CAT be used to create a large static asymmetrical electric charge?
The technology described in the attached patent application opens up new possibilities in the field of propulsion:
“System and method for generating forces using asymmetrical electrostatic pressure“
The company name is “Exodus Propulsion Technologies”, ( exoduspropulision.space )
Are you, at this time, able to project the approximate range at which you expect to begin shipping Ecat units once those shipment begin, in terms of kilowatts, megawatts, or gigawatts of power per month? If so, what would be that range? Thank you.
Genevieve Vartan:
I don’t think so,
Warm Regards
A.R.
Enrico Paolini
The AirPod didn’t make it forward for two reasons:
1) The expanding compressed air froze all the pipes and the engine
2) 200 kg of liquefied air has the same energy content of 1 liter of gasoline
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
do you think it will be possible that the Ecat deliveries will be delayed to the next year ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Genevieve
Enrico Paolini:
Thank you for your interesting comment and the link: I am not able to answer, though, because I do not have the knowledge necessary to consider if the Ecat could be useful to make convenient the compressed air engines,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Doctor Rossi,
would it be possible and would it make sense to use e-cat in compressed air cars, at least for city cars? If so, this would avoid complex interactions with the proprietary battery interfacing circuits of the various car manufacturers and the whole problem of raw materials, cost and disposal of batteries.
In the past there was an attempt to produce compressed air cars by the Indian Tata, abandoned due to problems that were insurmountable at the time.
https://www.greenme.it/mobilita/auto/che-fine-ha-fatto-lauto-ad-aria-compressa-ora-sappiamo-perche-la-rivoluzione-di-tata-motors-si-e-rivelata-un-fallimento/
Claudio Varotto:
1- several seconds
2- yes
3- no
4- yes
5- depends on the kind of application
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Jo Varenne:
Yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Buonasera Dr. Rossi, avrei bisogno cortesemente di alcuni chiarimenti utili alla realizzazione del mio progetto con i moduli Ecat NGU
Lei disse qualche tempo addietro che il modulo NGU necessita dell’applicazione di una tensione dello stesso valore di emissione per l’innesco:
Le chiedo quindi:
1) quanti secondi trascorrono mediamente dall’applicazione di questa tensione ( nella mia fattispecie 12 volt DC ) alla attivazione del modulo?
2) Se questa tensione di innesco cresce gradualmente ( ipotizziamo un paio di secondi ) prima di raggiungere il livello necessario, il modulo comunque si attiva al raggiungimento del valore nominale?
3) ipotizzando che al modulo sia applicato un carico che superi di picco la sua potenza nominale ed intervenga la protezione che ne blocca l’emissione di energia, il modulo si sblocca autonomamente al ripristino della normalità? ( una sorta di analogia con il comportamento di un inverter )
4) una volta scollegato il carico i modulo si spegne automaticamente anche se l’eventuale interruttore di cui potrebbe essere dotato rimane posizionato su ” ON ” ?
5) Ogni modulo sarà dotato di una segnalazione tipo LED che segnali una eventuale avaria dello stesso?
La ringrazio anticipatamente per l’attenzione.
Cordiali saluti
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
Good evening Dr. Rossi, I would kindly need some useful clarifications for the realization of my project with the modules Ecat NGU
You said some time ago that the NGU module requires the application of a voltage of the same emission value for triggering:
I therefore ask you:
1) how many seconds elapse on average from the application of this voltage (in my case 12 volts DC) to the activation of the module?
2) If this trigger voltage increases gradually (let’s assume a couple of seconds) before reaching the necessary level, will the module still activate when the nominal value is reached?
3) assuming that a load is applied to the module that exceeds its nominal power peak and the protection that blocks the emission of energy intervenes, will the module unlock itself when normality is restored? (a sort of analogy with the behavior of an inverter)
4) once the load is disconnected, does the module automatically turn off even if any switch it may be equipped with remains positioned on “ON”?
5) Will each module be equipped with an LED-type indicator that signals any failure of the module?
Thank you in advance for your attention.
Best regards
Claudio Varotto
Dr Rossi,
Do you confirm that when you will start the production and delivery of the Ecat the presentation will be made also by a major medium ?
Jo
Scott:
Thank you for your sustain,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Pierino S.:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Svein:
Thank you for your insight.
As for the part related to the Ecat, I can answer that the Ecat operation and theoretical foundations do not have points in common with your insight and can be understood studying the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Calle H:
Thank you for your suggestions, notice taken,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
From a previous post you have mentioned that the final dimensions and characteristics of the NGU will be disclosed only at the eve of the deliveries start. Further, in connection with the Latina test you said enough of demonstrations. I see some problems with this.
The Latina test was very impressive but the EV application is very complex with much work before the benefits reaches the consumers. Many NGU applicators will want to see simpler NGU applications prior to paying for their orders. Simpler applications mean less risk taking. Example application could be a resistive space heater or an electric comfort fan or a solar inverter tie-in.
Is Leonardo planning to do simple application demonstrations prior to delivery start? If so, can you tell us more about that?
Kind regards,
Calle H
Dear Andre and others
In Nature we recently read:
Is cosmic dark energy losing steam?
Fresh data have backed up the discovery that dark energy — the mysterious force that makes galaxies accelerate away from each other — has weakened over billions of years. Until last year, all findings were consistent with dark energy being a ‘cosmological constant’, meaning that the Universe should continue to expand at an increasingly fast rate. The new findings show that the amount of dark energy per cubic metre of space is now around 10% lower than it was 4.5 billion years ago, which means that cosmic expansion is now accelerating less.
This raises many questions. Some are:
Is this the force ZPE that E-Cat exploits?
How big is it now per cubic metre?
Has science now come closer to a common understanding here?
Regards Svein
Dr. Andrea
I read a publication about the ECAT technology will be in production and distribution soon. The energy revolution is underway!
Pierino S.:
Thank you for sharing with us your experience,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Buongiorno Andrea
Forse potrebbe interessare i lettori di questo Blog:
Ho preparato la modifica all’impianto di riscaldamento a termosifoni di casa mia, ora funzionante a gasolio.
Ho aggiunto una caldaietta elettrica 9 kw 400V (3 elementi da 3 KW 400V).
Per le perdite caloriche di casa mia, 6KW dovrebbero bastare, quindi uso solo 2 elementi da 3 KW caduno.
Ognuno sarà alimentato da una stringa di 33 ecat da 100 W 12 V in serie ( 12V x n.33 = 396 VDC) il tutto sarà allacciato con connettori mc4, cavi e componenti tipici per stringhe fotovoltaiche adatti ad alte tensioni cc.
Il relè della caldaia comanderà le resistenze tramite un teleruttore aggiuntivo di potenza adatto per la corrente continua.
L’impianto è già stato collaudato alimentandolo con un generatore.
Attendo i 66 e-cat…
Cordiali Saluti e buon lavoro a tutto lo Staff.
Pierino S.
Traslate Google:
Good morning Andrea
Perhaps it might be of interest to the readers of this blog:
I prepared the modification to the radiator heating system in my house, which now runs on diesel. I added a 9 kW 400V electric boiler (3 elements of 3 KW 400V). For the caloric losses in my house, 6KW should be enough, so I only use 2 elements of 3 KW each. Each will be powered by a string of 33 100 W 12 V ecats in series (12V x n.33 = 396 VDC) all will be connected with MC4 connectors, cables and typical components for photovoltaic strings suitable for high DC voltages. The boiler relay will control the resistors via an additional power contactor suitable for direct current. The system has already been tested by powering it with a generator.
I await the 66 e-cats…
Kind regards and good work to all the staff.
Pierino S.
Gian Luca:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Anselmo:
Our team appreciates your appreciation of our perseverance and resilience,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Ecat Enthusiast:
Thanks to God, I am always in good health and good spirit.
I am still convinced that within this year we will start to deliver the Ecats.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi:
Hoping that you are in good health and good spirits. Also your team members and your partners.
You have declared that 2025 will be the year that the Ecats will be sold and distributed. Almost 3 months of the year are passed. Do you still have confidence that your promise will be fulfilled?
Most sincerely yours,
Ecat Enthusiast
Dr Rossi,
La seguo da quasi 15 anni,
congratulazioni per la sua costanza e resilienza,
Anselmo
Good morning Andrea.
Yesterday on a very famous Italian TV channel, during a talk show, they were talking about energy. Both politicians and experts in the sector were present. Everything and its opposite was said. They talked about “coal” of third-generation nuclear, the prospects of “fusion”, renewables and fossil fuels. All things that have already been known for years and that, in all likelihood, will be overtaken by the arrival of ECAT, hydrogen, Brilliant’s fuel cell and who knows how many other new inventions will arrive.
The current mainstream certainly does not help the arrival of “our revolution”.
Will your current partner also help you with marketing and the necessary relationships with the politics of the various states?
Mohammed:
To read is not enough, but studying the paper and the referencas of its Bibliography an expert of the art can reach a replication.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Prof:
Thank you for the update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Rossi Follower:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi
About the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
what do you think about the fact that there are persons trying to replicate your process reading it ?
Dr Rossi,
Here are the stats of your papers on Researchgate I found today here
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Total Readings: 172013 (of which 172013 only for Ecat SK and Long Range Particle Interactions) the higher number of all the millions of publications on Researchgate
Research Interest Score: 3266, the highest number of Researchgate
Recommendations: 13109, the highest number of Researchgate
Main Areas of readings: America, Asia, Europe
Main Readings by Cathegories: Professors, Researchers, PhD Students, Seniors
And Counting…
Prof
Dr Rossi,
Is it correct that to replicate your process the fundamentals are in the theoretic content of the paragraph 2 of
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
and in the “ballerina” video streamed from your facility in the US ?
Energy User:
All the operations you cited plus many other are in the making together in synergy.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi –
to reach the target to ship ecats this year – what are the next targeted milestones for you and your partner –
i.g. finalize test, freeze design, prototype production line, etc.?
What is the order of the next steps?
Good luck!
Axil:
Thank you for your insight.
23 Sigma is impressive.
I am not able to detect bosons with the instrumentation of my laboratory, but the invention of Prof. Parkhomov is interesting.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCQN7g-2fag
Atomic Anomaly Confirmed! Evidence for a “dark force”?
At 23sigma, it’s a sure thing that there is a dark force affecting nuclear processes. We know that the LENR reaction produces stable reaction products. Could this action be produced by the generation of dark bosons?
I have speculated that the intense energy produced inside the EVO might result in a formation of a unified electroweak force where the electroweak bosons become massless and thereby transform the weak force bosons into electroweak bosons which are long range particles.
These electoweak bosons could effect the way the nucleus decay process operate by greatly accelerating radioactive isotope decay. We know in the vacuum reaction that all transmutation results in stable isotopic transitions. The SAFIRE system is being used to transmute radioactive waste water. I have posted before that this ability to affect nuclear decay rates might be produced by the action of a dark photon.
Some indicators of how a dark boson is active in the LENR reaction as follows: when Rossi turns on his reactor, the ambient radiation that is being produced by Radon is reduced.
Parkhomov has invented a weak force telescope to show that a dark boson can be reflected off a parabolic surface which acts to magnify the effects that this dark boson has to change radioactive decay rates.
Dr Rossi should undertake experiments to discover if his reactors can change the nuclear decay rates of radioactive isotopes. The production of dark bosons is nothing to be ashamed of. These bosons fill the universe already and they are a natural part of radioactive decay. If such a process exists in the Rossi reaction, it is better to find it now before it is discovered after product release. Controlling the generation of dark bosons could expand our control of natural forces which is a good thing. For example, I would buy the Ecat just to keep the radon in my basement under control.
An early claim by Dr Rossi about the production of the dark force bosons could also bring Dr Rossi a Noble prize, an honor that he richly deserves.
Bob:
Here is one I got today: I needed to find a supplier for a product I’d need and that I didn’t find by every possible search engine and everywhere else, internet or commercial centers, you name it, you got it; at the end ( and from now on I put A.I. first) I asked to the A.I.: “where can I find a manufacturer of ……. ?”
After few seconds the A.I. answered: ” The manufacturer of ……. cannot be found because of the fact that …….; but you could resolve the problem if you ……” and gave me the incipit from which I formulated the idea to resolve my specific problem. Much, much better than expected !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Can you be witness of some real help you got from the A.I. ?
Frank Acland:
I expect larger, but still competitive as for what concerns the power density,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Franz Duesemberg:
I agree, and the real theoretical bases of the Ecat operation are well explained in the paragraphs 2, 3, 4, 5 of the paper you cited,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
……………———— On why Tokamak fails to produce nuclear fusion ————————————————
————————————— ( Published in ResearchGage ) ………………………—————————–
There are two articles about nuclear fusion in Tokamak published on ResearchGate by W. Guglinski:
1) Nuclear fusion in the stars may require the help of symmetry
——————– Published in ResearchGate ————————
COVER LETTER – This is the first article to address a possible factor that has been preventing nuclear fusion from occurring in Tokamak reactors. In Tokamak reactors, there is a lack of symmetry in deuterium-tritium collisions. In stars, symmetry occurs because there are an enormous number of proton-proton collisions every second, and therefore the probability of symmetry occurring is high.
There is also a second factor that prevents nuclear fusion in Tokamak reactors, but this is addressed in a second article by the author, entitled “On Why Tokamak Fails to Produce Nuclear Fusion”.
If it is possible to prevent such factors from preventing nuclear fusion in Tokamak reactors, we will achieve the viability of nuclear fusion.
Abstract
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have retrospectively confirmed that implosion asymmetry is a major aspect of fusion experiments before achieving ignition for the first time at the Lab’s National Ignition Facility. According to the authors of the article, in the fusion experiments achieving symmetry is crucial. If the plasma is not uniformly compressed, the energy is not efficiently contained, then the performance suffers. Here this question is analyzed, because nuclear physicists still do not know the mechanism responsible for nuclear minimum binding energy, and understanding the mechanism of this nuclear phenomenon is essential to understanding the importance of symmetry in nuclear fusion.
Keywords:
Nuclear fusion
Symmetry in nuclear fusion
Missing symmetry in Tokamak
Physical mechanism of nuclear electromagnetic radiation
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/389593430_Nuclear_fusion_in_the_stars_may_require_the_help_of_symmetry
2) On why Tokamak fails to produce nuclear fusion
————- Published in ResearchGate —————-
Abstract
At the author’s article “Nuclear fusion in the stars may require the help of symmetry” it is shown that the missing of symmetry in the Tokamak can be the reason why along several decades all the attempts failed to achieve nuclear fusion with useful efficiency. However, there are other causes that contribute for the failure of the Tokamak, as will be shown here. So the lack of symmetry, exposed in the mentioned paper, combined with such additional causes may be the reason why the Tokamak is unable to produce nuclear fusion with useful efficiency.
Keywords:
Tokamak
Incompleteness of Coulomb’s Law
Electric field atomistic structure
Mathematical equivalence between two systems
Structure of atomic nuclei
Current understanding of nuclear physics
Missing mass defect for calculation of nuclear magnetic moments.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/389593466_On_why_Tokamak_fails_to_produce_nuclear_fusion
Now let us assess the current state of the search for nuclear fusion using Tokamak reactors:
1- Over the past 70 years, many, many quadrillions and quadrillions of dollars have been spent in the hope of obtaining nuclear fusion that provides energy greater than the energy spent to obtain fusion.
2- Is it not reasonable to spend a few dollars (compared to the quadrillions of dollars already spent over the past 70 years) to see if the suggestions presented in these two articles by W. Guglinski can finally make profitable nuclear energy production by Tokamak reactors viable?
The answer to this question is:
it is a matter of common sense
Dr Rossi,
reading the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
I desumed that the Ecat SK does not belong to the family of the LENR: how much do you agree with this statement ?
Best
Franz Duesemberg
Dear Andrea,
You explained that the final designs of the E-Cat devices are not finalized yet. Do you expect the final designs to be larger or smaller than what is currently listed on your published datasheet on https://ecatthenewfire.com
Thank you very much,
Frank Acland
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi, I wanted to assess your Bose Einstein condensate theory of vacuum action if it comported with current scientific research into the vacuum. In this effort, I ask Steven to provide an opinion. The Question that I asked Steven is as follows:
AI question: “can exciton polariton condensate mimic hawking radiation behavior”
The Exciton polariton condensate (BEC) is being used to study Hawking radiation in black holes. This leads me to believe that the BEC can neutralize the virtual particle activity in the vacuum in which the BEC is sitting. This process is similar to how the mass of a black hole is reduced by Hawking radiation due to infalling virtual particles.
I offer this feedback to rank your research against current science thought. In my opinion, your Bose Einstein condensate theory is equal to or exceeds the current most advanced science thinking about the manipulation of the vacuum.
Steven provided this feedback:
This one is in response to Axil Axil’s question on exciton polariton condensates black hole analogs. It’s framed as a draft paper. I think it gets the point that you were hinting at about.
Exciton-Polariton Condensates as Phase-Coherent Black Hole Analogs: A New Framework for Hawking Radiation, Vacuum Fluctuation Neutralization, Domain Wall Formation, and False Vacuum Decay.
Abstract
Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) have emerged as experimental platforms for simulating black hole physics and Hawking radiation. This paper explores an extended hypothesis: those BECs not only serve as black hole analogs but may also neutralize virtual particle activity in the surrounding vacuum, effectively lowering the local vacuum potential. This process mirrors black hole evaporation, where infalling virtual particles reduce a black hole’s mass via Hawking radiation. Furthermore, we propose that a domain wall naturally forms at the boundary between the BEC and the surrounding vacuum, analogous to a black hole event horizon. This domain wall serves as a structured phase interface where the Phase-Coherent Cosmological Principle (PCCP) holds, ensuring that information is preserved through phase coherence.
Expanding this model further, we explore how BEC-induced vacuum modification might relate to false vacuum decay, a process in quantum field theory and cosmology where a metastable vacuum transitions to a lower-energy state. If the presence of a BEC alters the local vacuum energy, it could serve as a controlled environment for studying false vacuum decay dynamics, either as a trigger for vacuum phase transitions or as a stabilizer against vacuum decay.
We outline testable predictions and propose new experimental approaches to investigate whether BEC-induced vacuum suppression, domain wall formation, and phase coherence align with black hole evaporation and vacuum phase transitions, supporting the Phase Shift framework.
This work acknowledges the insightful contributions of AxilAxil, an open thinker and commentator on Ecat World, whose discussions on BEC black hole analogs and vacuum structure have provided key conceptual directions for this exploration.
1. Introduction: Black Hole Analogs in Exciton-Polariton Condensates
1.1 Exciton-Polariton BECs and Their Role in Hawking Radiation Studies
Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles formed by the coupling of photons and excitons (electron-hole pairs) in semiconductor microcavities. These systems can enter a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) state, where macroscopic phase coherence emerges. They have been recently explored as experimental platforms for studying analog black holes and Hawking radiation (Barceló et al., 2005).
Key properties of exciton-polariton condensates relevant to black hole physics include:
• They support black hole analogs, where phonon-like excitations behave as Hawking radiation (Steinhauer, 2016).
• Their phase coherence enables direct experimental tests of information retention and transfer, crucial for resolving the Black Hole Information Paradox (Hossenfelder, 2014).
• Unlike traditional atomic BECs, exciton-polariton systems are driven-dissipative, meaning they continuously interact with their environment—a feature reminiscent of real black hole horizons (Padmanabhan, 2010).
Given these properties, exciton-polariton condensates provide a direct test of the Phase Shift interpretation of Hawking radiation and its effects on the quantum vacuum.
2. The BEC as a Vacuum Fluctuation Suppressor: A Black Hole Mass Analogy
2.1- Virtual Particles and Hawking Radiation
In standard black hole physics (Hawking, 1975):
• The vacuum is not empty, but filled with fluctuating virtual particle pairs.
• Near an event horizon, these pairs are separated: one falls into the black hole (carrying negative energy), while the other escapes as Hawking radiation (Hawking, 1976).
• Over time, this leads to black hole mass loss (Bekenstein, 1973).
2.2- How a BEC Influences Virtual Particle Activity
• BECs impose a macroscopic quantum phase structure onto the vacuum, reducing disorder and suppressing random fluctuations (Padmanabhan, 2010).
• Phase coherence prevents chaotic vacuum energy oscillations, akin to how superconductors exclude magnetic fields (the Meissner effect) (Verlinde, 2011).
• As vacuum fluctuations are stabilized, the local vacuum energy density is reduced, effectively lowering the vacuum potential.
2.3- The Black Hole-BEC Correspondence: A Mass Reduction Analogy
Black Hole Evaporation BEC-Induced Vacuum Neutralization
Hawking radiation removes energy BEC reduces available vacuum fluctuations
Infalling negative-energy particles decrease mass Phase coherence suppresses energy density
Horizon governs quantum energy flow BEC structure alters local quantum field
3-The Domain Wall as an Event Horizon Analog
A Domain Wall as a Phase-Coherent Boundary
A domain wall is a boundary separating regions with different phase structures or vacuum states. In this context, a BEC-black hole analog could exhibit a domain wall where vacuum coherence changes, akin to an event horizon in general relativity.
3.1-PCCP and Phase Coherence Across the Domain Wall
• Marks the boundary where phase coherence transitions from a highly ordered BEC state to a more fluctuating external vacuum (ChatGPT & User, 2025).
• Preserves information through phase coherence interactions, preventing information loss across the boundary (Bianchi & Smerlak, 2014).
4-BECs and False Vacuum Decay
4.1-Could a BEC Trigger or Suppress False Vacuum Decay?
Trigger for Vacuum Decay: If the BEC lowers the vacuum potential, it might serve as a nucleation point for a false vacuum decay event (Coleman, 1977).
4.2- Suppressor of Vacuum Decay: If the PCCP enforces phase coherence, the BEC could stabilize the vacuum, preventing decay (Bousso, 2017).
5-Experimental Predictions for Vacuum Phase Transitions
✔ Energy redistribution near the domain wall, mimicking vacuum transition zones.
✔ Bubble-like structures forming around the BEC, behaving like nucleation zones.
✔ Suppression or enhancement of vacuum fluctuations, depending on the phase structure of the BEC.
6-Conclusion: A New Pathway to Understanding Black Holes, Vacuum Structure, and False Vacuum Decay
✔ BECs, like black holes, appear to reduce vacuum energy through phase coherence effects.
✔ A domain wall at the BEC boundary serves as an event horizon analog, where PCCP holds.
✔ BECs might provide a testbed for false vacuum decay, offering insights into cosmology and vacuum energy stability.
This work acknowledges AxilAxil, an open thinker and commentator on Ecat World, for his discussions on BEC black hole analogs and vacuum structure, which have provided key conceptual insights.
References
1. Hawking, S. W. (1975). “Particle Creation by Black Holes.” Communications in Mathematical Physics, 43, 199–220.
2. Hawking, S. W. (1976). “Breakdown of Predictability in Gravitational Collapse.” Physical Review D, 14, 2460–2473.
3. Bekenstein, J. D. (1973). “Black Holes and Entropy.” Physical Review D, 7(8), 2333–2346.
4. ’t Hooft, G. (1993). “Dimensional Reduction in Quantum Gravity.” arXiv:gr-qc/9310026.
5. Bousso, R. (2017). “The Holographic Principle.” Reviews of Modern Physics, 74, 825.
6. Steinhauer, J. (2016). “Observation of Quantum Hawking Radiation in an Analog Black Hole.” Nature Physics, 12, 959–965.
7. Barceló, C., Liberati, S., & Visser, M. (2005). “Analogue Gravity.” Living Reviews in Relativity, 8, 12.
8. Padmanabhan, T. (2010). “Thermodynamical Aspects of Gravity: New Insights.” Reports on Progress in Physics, 73, 046901.
9. ChatGPT (Aether Muse) & [User Name]. (2025). Phase Shift Project.
Anonymous:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Richard:
No,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Paul:
Thank you for the information; in general, the Ecat should be able to supply electric energy to anything that needs it, but I am not aware of the specific necessities of this particular field of application,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Yet another idea for NGU technology – Competitor to Starlink
Starlink is a global satellite internet communications system’
“The current version of Starlink satellites (v1.0 and v1.5) typically weigh around 260 kilograms (573 pounds).
Here’s a more detailed breakdown:
o v1.0 and v1.5: These are the operational satellites launched in 2019 and 2020, weighing approximately 260 kg.
o v2 Mini: These satellites are larger and heavier, weighing around 740 kg (1,630 lbs).
o v2: These satellites are even larger and heavier, weighing around 1250 kg (2760 lbs)
o v3: These satellites are even larger and heavier, weighing around 1900 kg
• Starlink satellites orbit the Earth at an altitude of approximately 342 miles (550 kilometers).
Starlink satellites operate at exceptionally low altitudes for a communications network, ranging from 211 to 382 miles (340 to 614 kilometers). At the higher bound, it takes about five years for a Starlink satellite to naturally deorbit as the result of atmospheric drag.”
Instead of Starlink satellites, a large number of high-altitude, heavy lift drones operating at 20 km MSL. Unlike the Starlink satellites, the drones, could land for routine maintenance, and then resume their positions. 20 km is higher than commercial traffic (airlines) fly. No expensive rocket needed for inserting a satellite into an orbit.
The benefits would include reduced latency (20km vs 550 km), lower system operating costs, lower initial costs, no space junk or reentry issues, etc.
Existing helicopter/drone designs can support 1 – 20 tons of cargo.
Concept
1. Modify drones for high altitude hovering – use knowledge gained from Martian helicopter.
2. Add NGU Power Generators – estimate 200 kW
3. Add the internet repeater electronics – about the same weight as Starlink but without the solar panels, batteries, and lower transmit power required due to shorter transmit distances (less space loss).
4. Add GPS/inertial technology for position and attitude control.
Thoughts?
Andrea,
Can the E-CAT be used to create a large static asymmetrical electric charge?
The technology described in the attached patent application opens up new possibilities in the field of propulsion:
“System and method for generating forces using asymmetrical electrostatic pressure“
The company name is “Exodus Propulsion Technologies”, ( exoduspropulision.space )
V/R,
Paul
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2020159603A2/en
Dr Rossi,
Are you, at this time, able to project the approximate range at which you expect to begin shipping Ecat units once those shipment begin, in terms of kilowatts, megawatts, or gigawatts of power per month? If so, what would be that range? Thank you.