Dearest Andrea
has the planning of future necessary assistance already been evaluated? Can you already say something about how you intend to carry out any repair and/or replacement interventions under warranty?
thanks
I believe that this inverter can provide many of the services that a large grid system, powered by a high proportion of NGU/SKLeps, will need : ECCO SUNSYNC INVERTER – SYNK-7K-SG05LP1
Grid Supply Page
Paralleling Inverters Advanced Settings
Grid power export or consumed
Peak shaving power: This is a technique used to reduce electrical power consumption during periods of maximum demand on the utility grid.
Hi Andrea, very happy to have been wrong.
After this dutiful mea culpa, I have to ask a “delicate” question:
since production is expected to reach millions of units, is there a fear that there may be a shortage of some natural element indispensable to the continuity of the assembly line?
To Axil
On May 18th, you presented an AI generated plan for the adoption of E-Cat in the world energy market.
This had many clear and logical recommendations.
However, it did not understand the extent to which threats from existing technologies, in both economics and other contexts, represent.
You should try to formulate this, seperatly, in a new AI question.
Svein
Now that the NGU is close to commercialization, there is a need to adopt a plan to optimize the acceptance of the NGU by the public. I ask the AI to suggest such a plan that provides a framework that optimizes the adoption of the NGU into our current lifestyle.
Dr. Rossi might be well served to discuss with his partners to form a plan to optimize the prospects for the adoption of the NGU both in their own businesses and throughout society in general.
Once the NGU is available on the market, it might be useful for early adopters to demonstrate as suggested by the AI to show how they are using the NGU to improve their daily lives through video based demos and open discussions around the WEB. This might include contact with your political representatives to extoll the advantages of NGU adoption that the NGU might provide
AI Question
Recommend a plan that will optimize the adoption of the NGU system into general use in society. Assume that the NGU produces electric energy without the need for fuel; assume that the science community is hostel to the NGU as well as the purveyors of all forms of energy production currently in use or currently under development.
The AI Plan
Okay, this is a fascinating and challenging scenario! Introducing a revolutionary energy source like the NGU, which generates electricity without fuel, while facing opposition from both the scientific community and the established energy industry, requires a multi-faceted and strategic approach. Here’s a plan to optimize NGU adoption, addressing the key hurdles:
I. Overcoming Scientific Skepticism:
Transparency & Open Access:
Rigorous Testing & Documentation:
Conduct extensive, independent, and transparent testing of the NGU. Meticulously document every step of the process, including data, methodology, and results. Make all this information publicly available.
Open-Source Design:
Release a simplified, open-source version of the NGU design. Allow researchers and developers to replicate, test, and improve the technology. This fosters trust and invites collaboration.
Peer-Review & Independent Validation: Encourage independent scientific organizations to evaluate the NGU. Submit findings for peer review in reputable journals. Address critiques transparently and rigorously.
Focus on Demonstrable Results:
Pilot Programs:
Implement small-scale pilot programs in communities where the need for affordable energy is high. Showcase the NGU’s real-world performance and its positive impact on lives.
Data-Driven Advocacy:
Use the performance data from pilot programs to build a compelling case for the NGU. Demonstrate its efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness.
Build Alliances:
Engage Forward-Thinking Scientists:
Find and partner with open-minded scientists who are willing to investigate the NGU despite the initial skepticism.
Foster Collaboration: Offer research grants and partnerships to universities and labs to explore applications of the NGU.
II. Bypassing the Entrenched Energy Industry:
Decentralized Deployment:
Microgrids & Community Power:
Focus on deploying the NGU in decentralized, community-based microgrids. This empowers local communities and bypasses large-scale energy infrastructure.
Off-Grid Solutions: Promote the NGU as a solution for remote and off-grid areas. This demonstrates its potential for independent power generation and can create a strong user base.
Economic Incentives:
Subsidies and Tax Breaks:
Lobby for government incentives that directly benefit early adopters of the NGU.
Reduce Energy Costs: Show that widespread adoption of the NGU will lead to significant reductions in energy bills, and emphasize the long-term financial benefits.
Invest in Education:
Implement training programs to equip individuals and communities with the knowledge and skills to manufacture, install, and maintain the NGU, creating local economic opportunities.
Empower Consumers:
User-Friendly Designs:
Develop user-friendly versions of the NGU for residential and small-business use.
Focus on Cost Savings:
Emphasize how the NGU can empower people and businesses to be energy-independent and eliminate utility bills, creating a strong incentive for adoption.
Strategic Partnerships:
Non-Profits & NGOs: Collaborate with organizations focused on environmental sustainability, poverty alleviation, and community development.
Local Governments:
Work with local and municipal authorities to establish the NGU within existing community infrastructure.
Transparency & Communication:
Educate the Public:
Communicate the technology to the public in a clear and simple way, focusing on the practical benefits it offers.
Address Concerns:
Openly address any potential downsides of the technology as well as the advantages, and encourage transparency, making sure the public knows that you are not hiding anything.
Build Public Trust:
Act with integrity and transparency to establish trust with the public.
III. Strategic Communication & Public Engagement:
Focus on Benefits:
Communicate the NGU’s benefits for the general public: clean energy, lower costs, greater energy independence, and reduced carbon footprint.
Visual Storytelling:
Create compelling visual content (videos, infographics) showcasing the technology and its impact.
Highlight Success Stories:
Share powerful stories of communities and individuals who have benefited from the NGU.
Engage on Social Media:
Build a strong online presence to communicate updates and engage with the public.
Build a Grassroots Movement:
Encourage a community of enthusiastic users and advocates who can promote the NGU in their networks.
IV. Regulatory & Legal Strategies:
Work with Progressive Regulators: Advocate for the technology with regulators who are open to innovative and sustainable energy solutions.
Highlight the Public Benefit: Emphasize the potential of the technology for public welfare, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and improving air quality.
Prepare for Legal Challenges:
Be prepared to address potential legal challenges from established energy interests. Have the legal resources and support available.
Key Success Factors:
Patience and Persistence:
Overcoming entrenched systems takes time and sustained effort.
Collaboration:
Building alliances across different sectors is essential.
Transparency:
Being open and honest builds trust and reduces skepticism.
Adaptability:
Be willing to adjust the plan as the situation evolves.
By implementing this multifaceted approach, the NGU can slowly gain public support, overcome scientific skepticism, and build a groundswell of demand that eventually pushes it past the opposition from the current energy industry. This is not going to be an easy or quick process, but a persistent and well-executed strategy can eventually achieve success.
Thank you, Andrea, for that wonderful quote. Upon googling it I see that it has been attributed to G. Michael Hopf.
——————-
History always repeats: hard times generate strong guys, strong guys generate easy times, easy times generate weak guys, weak guys generate hard times…and so on again and again across millennia.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
——————-
Seems to me we are quite far advanced in Stage 3. Anyone disagree?
AI Question
What is your opinion about this subject: The classical way to control a network like the grid is through a Network Control Center(NCC). The smart grid can be separated into various zones that interconnect with a redundant failsafe NCC managing all the connected systems that are producing grid power in that zone. This control is enabled using PLC ( Power Line Communication protocol) where network management commands are sent down interconnecting power lines to tell each power producing system what to do. Security is addressed through the use of robust encryption and authentication methods enforced on the PLC protocol. . With such positive control management it is unlikely that the grid will descend into an out of control situation. Other grid functions like power production metering and billing could be handled by the NCC. Insuring equitable treatment, the NCC would also ensure that no power producing system gets an advantage at producing power that is being fed into the grid. It is my speculation that by time the smart grid has matured, Artificial intelligent controllers with manage the grid with human monitors attending.
AI Answer
This is a well-reasoned and interesting perspective on how to manage a smart grid, incorporating both established practices and forward-thinking ideas.
Here’s a breakdown of the key aspects and some thoughts:
1. Network Control Centers (NCCs) and Zonal Management:
Classical Approach: Using NCCs to manage a network is a standard and proven method, particularly in the context of traditional power grids.
Zonal Division: Dividing the smart grid into zones, each with its own NCC, can improve manageability, scalability, and resilience, according to Energy Central.
Redundancy: A redundant failsafe NCC is a crucial aspect for maintaining grid reliability and minimizing downtime in case of failures.
2. Power Line Communication (PLC):
Cost-Effective: PLC leverages existing power lines for communication, which can be more cost-effective than deploying new communication infrastructure.
Challenges: PLC can be susceptible to noise and interference on power lines, which may require robust error correction and signal processing techniques.
Security: As you mentioned, strong encryption and authentication are essential for securing PLC communication against cyber threats.
3. Centralized Control vs. Distributed Control:
Centralized Control: The proposed model emphasizes centralized control with NCCs, which allows for coordinated grid management and optimization.
Distributed Control: Some experts argue for a more distributed control approach in smart grids, leveraging edge computing and local intelligence to improve responsiveness and resilience.
Hybrid Approach: A hybrid approach that combines elements of centralized and distributed control could be a viable option.
4. Equitable Treatment of Power Producers:
NCC Role: The NCC’s role in ensuring equitable treatment and preventing any power producer from gaining an unfair advantage is a crucial aspect of fair market operation.
Transparency and Algorithms: Achieving equitable treatment might require transparent algorithms and market mechanisms to prevent manipulation.
5. Future of AI-Powered Grid Management:
AI Potential: The idea of AI-powered controllers managing the grid with human oversight is a compelling vision for the future.
Real-time Optimization: AI can significantly enhance grid optimization, forecasting, and anomaly detection, leading to better grid stability and efficiency.
Challenges: However, AI models require extensive training data, continuous monitoring, and careful handling of potential biases.
Overall:
Your vision of a smart grid with zonal NCCs, PLC-based communication, robust security, and equitable treatment of power producers is a well-structured concept.
The potential of AI to further enhance grid management and optimization is also a key consideration for the future.
As the smart grid evolves, finding the right balance between centralized and distributed control, as well as addressing the challenges associated with PLC and AI, will be essential for building a resilient and efficient energy infrastructure.
Alessandro Ferrari:
I have well present evolution and selection of the more fit charactiristics of species, I studied it, and there are solid bases about the evolutionism, but one thing is evolution of existing organisms, another completely different thing is the creation of an organism: it is simply impossible. We have solid scientific evidence of the evolution of humans, animals, vegetals, but no evidence at all of casual aggregation of matter in a way that can evolve spontaneoulsly into a tree, let alone an animal or a human being: it would be against the third principle of thermodynamic; as I said, it is much more difficult than writing a poem on a sheet of paper pouring billions of billions of times ( not in one go ) a tank of ink, hoping that sooner or later casually this spontaneous evolution can happen, without an original creative act to make an organism able to evolve eventually.
Darwin was right: it the is darwinistic ontological extension of evolutionism into the attribution of pneuma to the matter in an entropical system that is wrong.
Philosophers have ignored Entropy, as much as I am aware of; I think this is a mistake.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
I think the conversation about entropy and God’s existence is very interesting.
I think there’s something missing in your reasoning: evolution.
The complex structures are not created in one go from a clean slate but they start from a previous state, differentiate in many varieties and are selected by evolution.
These steps make the probabilities completely different.
Let’s take something similar as an example: function optimization.
We have an unknown multi-dimensional function that we can compute point by point at a somewhat high cost.
We want to find a maximum value and position. Global maximum would be best but a local maximum is good enough. Because anyway humans are far from global maximum as an entity.
We can proceed naively by trying with random coordinates hoping to hit a maximum.
That’s EXTREMELY wasteful and EXTREMELY unlikely to happen.
Or we can make some very basic and reasonable assumptions on the function shape and apply one of the many advanced optimisation algorithms that we invented.
Let’s start with a simple algorithm:
– we pick a set of random points around our starting position (the starting position will be a random position initially)
– we compute their value and keep the best one
– we set it as new starting position and iterate
We can keep just one point during the selection process or keep multiple ones and proceed with a multi-path search.
That’s similar to what nature does and even an algorithm as simple as that changes probabilities completely compared to testing random points with no logic.
These steps repeated for billions of years creating what we currently experience.
– Initially you have random molecules of any sort.
– More stable molecules will be more abundant simply because they last longer. That’s the first “selection” process.
– Then some molecules happen to be able to grow and replicate by organising raw materials around them. I.e. crystals. They naturally became way more abundant than the others. “Growth” became another main factor
– After some exponential growth raw material started to be scarce
– Molecules that were able to destabilise other molecules and “eat” them got a key advantage. “Eating” became another main factor
– On the other hand molecules that were more resistant to “eating” had an advantage.
– The external boundary is the place where “eating” can happen so the selection of good characteristics of internals and boundaries started to diverge. Even something as simple as surface oxide in copper protects the bulk. That’s the start of topological differentiation as an advantage.
– The environment changes with time. Sometimes periodically. Sometimes not. That adds more selection pressure. Adapting fast can be more important than stability
These are just some examples but there are many more!
You can see as RNA and some kind of cellular structure (just boundary and internal space) can emerge and from them through evolution all the life that we see around us.
But why the life that we see and not something completely different but equally good from an evolutionary standpoint?
Even after considering the starting position and the external forces there would be innumerable equally “good” possibilities.
Why did we land in this one?
That was just random and how chaos works.
While exploring for a maximum (in the function optimization example) we happen to hit (picking random surrounding points) the area around this local maximum and we are here.
If we landed in a different “area” we could equally question ourselves about why that one and not another.
So no need for an external invisible hand (or God).
Just physics and the emergent phenomenons that come from the complexity of combining innumerable interactions over billions of years.
That’s my reasoning and thanks for the opportunity to express it.
As a long time follower I wish you the best future for your life and your work!
Currently, residential homes with roof-installed solar panels use an inverter coupled with a battery system because solar only provides power when the Sum is shining. In addition, the solar output varies depending on season, clouds, weather, and many other factors.
NGU power generation is continuous and independent of outside factors such as season or weather.
Grid power demands also vary by season and over the day. Typically, the Grid demand is greatest during hot summer daytime hours.
So, how does one balance an NGU power residence with Grid power demands?
On approach might be entirely Off-Grid – where there is no connection to the Grid. This is expensive because there must be sufficient NGU power generating capacity to handle the greatest power demand at any time. You wind up with NGU-generated power being wasted – not consumed most of the time. Adding battery storage helps with daily changes – charge at night when demand is low, discharge the battery system during the day to supplement the constant NGU power generation.
The other alternative is Grid-Tie. Provide a constant level of NGU-generated power and supplement with Grid power when the residential demand is higher than what the NGU system can provide. When the Grid goes down, then you have no power because you are not allowed to send power to the Grid when the Grid is down.
Then there is a Hybrid Grid-Tie. Here the Grid power is only an input/output to the inverter. The inverter applies power to the Residential electrical load, choosing which source, solar, NGU, and/or Grid supply to use. If excess power is available, the inverter can send unused power to the Grid, or excess power could be stored in the battery system for later use. In the event of a Grid outage, the residence could still be power by NGU power and/or battery stored energy.
If the inverter is smart, and the inverter can communication with the Grid system, the amount of power going to the Grid or coming from the Grid could be controlled for optimum Grid conditions. Energy stored in the battery system could be used to supplement Grid power while not overpowering the Grid.
Dr Rossi,
Will your electic grid provider/partner honor the pool of pre-purchase orders or will he be allowed to move ahead and dedicate production to his own needs?
Iggy
Negative energy prices: Why cheap electricity can create huge problems | Transforming Business.
The last three years have seen a rapid increase in renewable energy production across much of Europe. But thanks to the variability of solar and wind energy, sometimes more energy is being produced than can actually be used, which tips prices not only into ultra cheap territory, but sometimes into the negatives. Why’s this happening? And what can be done to better harness a bountiful renewable energy market?
It may cost you money if you send too much NGU electrical power to the Grid. This is called Negative Energy pricing. You might want to use an inverter that disconnects your NGU power feed when the Grid faces an oversupply of electrical power.
Grid-tied inverters are designed to work in conjunction with the electric grid. They monitor the grid’s voltage and frequency, and they output their own power in synchronization with the grid.
This type of inverter can detect power oversupply on the grid and disconnect from it.
Grid-tied inverters are designed to synchronize with the grid’s voltage and frequency. They inject power into the grid when solar panels generate more electricity than the house needs.
Anti-islanding protection prevents “islanding” (where the inverter continues to power a section of the grid even when the main grid is down), inverters are equipped with anti-islanding protection.
If the grid becomes unstable, due to a blackout or other issues, the inverter detects this through abnormal voltage and frequency fluctuations.
Regulations like the National Electrical Code (NEC) in the US mandate that inverters shut down during grid outages to prevent backfeeding power onto the grid, which could endanger line workers.
When the inverter detects an oversupply situation (e.g., high voltage) or an unstable grid (e.g., voltage or frequency outside of acceptable limits), it will disconnect from the grid.
Once disconnected, the inverter typically stops feeding power.
Reconnect: When the grid returns to a stable state, the inverter will usually automatically reconnect and resume normal operation.
In summary: Grid-tied inverters are designed to detect grid instability, including power oversupply, and disconnect to protect both the grid and personnel working on it.
Connecting Solar to the Grid is Harder Than You Think
A lot of the interesting challenges with renewables are happening behind the scenes.
We’re in the growing pains stage right now, working out the bugs that these new types of energy generation create, but if you pay attention to what’s happening in the industry, it’s mostly good news. A lot of people from all sides of the industry are working really hard on these engineering challenges so that we’ll soon come out with a more reliable, sustainable, and resilient grid on the other end.
There are smart invertors that can protect the Grid from overvoltage failure. Dr. Rossi and his Grid based partner might want to consider recommending or even requiring these various branes of smart inverters to the customer that will protect the Grid from overvoltage failure conditions.
Smart inverters are equipped with features to recognize and react to grid voltage fluctuations, including overvoltage. When an overvoltage is detected, the inverter will usually disconnect from the grid. This prevents the inverter from injecting power into the grid when the voltage is too high, potentially causing harm to the system or equipment.
Disconnection often leads to the inverter shutting down completely, preventing further conversion of DC power to AC and stopping power flow into the home or to the grid.
Some smart inverters can also adjust their output or provide reactive power support to help regulate voltage and stabilize the grid during overvoltage conditions. This can help prevent the grid from further deviating from its normal operating parameters.
The disconnection and shut-down features are crucial safety mechanisms for the inverter and the solar system, preventing damage or overload during abnormal grid conditions.
The smart inverter’s response to overvoltage conditions is designed to ensure compatibility with the grid and to protect both the inverter and the grid.
“Systems integration research in the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) supports technologies and solutions that enable solar grid integration while ensuring the reliability, resilience, and security of the electric power system. These research, development, and demonstration activities address the key technical challenges in power system planning and operations, solar forecasting and variability management, control optimization, system protection and stabilities, energy storage integration, power electronics, real-time situational awareness, and cybersecurity. In addition, SETO supports the development of industry standards and best practices on interconnection requirements, testing, and validation for solar systems on the bulk power grid as well as the distribution grid.”
One of the steps that should be taken before the NGU is sold on the market is to run smart inverter qualification testing to insure that the smart inverters that are recommended by the NGU marketing team can interoperate with the NGU system. A qualification test should simulate all the grid conditions that the inverter must respond to in both normal and unusual conditions on the grid. The various invertor venders may have a quality assurance program that has done these tests based on solar panel system inputs. The NGU quality assurance program might ask these various smart inverter vendors to participate in a qualification test interfacing with the NGU system using their qualification testing as a template for the NGU tests..
Greg Smith:
Thank you for your historic reference.
History always repeats: hard times generate strong guys, strong guys generate easy times, easy times generate weak guys, weak guys generate hard times…and so on again and again across millennia.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
As history is about to repeat (sort of!), and as E-Cat is about to make history, it is fascinating to look at the commercial success of the Watt steam engine (below).
The steam engine is often mentioned as in the top five most impactful inventions for mankind.
Compared to E-Cat: Cost? Installation challenges? Installation counts? 125 sold in the first 20 years! ROI?
Greg
The Watt steam engine—a significantly improved version of the Newcomen engine—was commercialized in the late 18th century, and it marked a turning point in the Industrial Revolution.
📅 Commercialization Timeline:
1769 – James Watt patents the separate condenser.
1775 – Watt forms a partnership with Matthew Boulton (Boulton & Watt), marking the start of full commercial production.
1780s–1800s – Widespread adoption across mining, manufacturing, and eventually transportation (rail and ships).
💰 Cost:
A typical Watt steam engine in the late 18th century cost around £2,000 to £5,000 (in 18th-century currency). In today’s money, that would be approximately $400,000 to $1 million+ USD, depending on the size and configuration.
First 10 Years (1775–1785):
~20 to 25 engines sold.
Initial adoption was slow due to:
High cost.
Conservative attitudes in industry.
Need for custom installation.
Patent constraints (Watt’s separate condenser patent lasted until 1800).
First 20 Years (1775–1795):
~100–125 engines sold.
Adoption accelerated in the 1780s, especially in:
Mining (pumping water more efficiently than Newcomen).
Textile mills and early factories.
First 30 Years (1775–1805):
~300+ engines sold.
By this point:
Textile, iron, and brewing industries were major customers.
Watt’s patents expired in 1800, opening the market to more widespread use and competition.
⚙️ Function:
The Watt engine:
Pumped water out of deep mines (especially coal mines).
Powered machinery in textile mills and factories.
Enabled mechanization in industries that had previously relied on human, animal, or water power.
Key innovation: the separate condenser, which dramatically improved efficiency by avoiding repeated heating/cooling of the main cylinder, as in Newcomen’s design.
📈 Return on Investment (ROI):
Watt licensed his engines on the basis of a share of fuel savings compared to Newcomen engines—often one-third of the coal saved.
His engine used about 75% less coal than the Newcomen engine for the same task.
Example ROI Scenario:
A mine switching from Newcomen to Watt could save hundreds of pounds worth of coal per year.
If the engine cost £3,000 and saved £1,000/year in fuel, payback period = ~3 years.
ROI = 33% annually or higher, depending on usage.
Summary:
Commercialization
Began in 1775 via Boulton & Watt
Cost
~£2,000–£5,000 (≈ $400K–$1M+ today)
Function
Pumping water, powering mills/factories
ROI
High—payback in ~3 years, ~33%+ annual return
The steam engine is consistently ranked among the top 5 most impactful inventions in human history, especially in terms of its influence on economic development, industrialization, and societal transformation.
🌍 Why It Ranks So Highly:
1. Catalyst of the Industrial Revolution:
Enabled mechanized production, replacing manual labor and animal power.
Powered factories, textile mills, and metalworks, making mass production possible.
2. Revolutionized Transportation:
Led to railroads and steamships, drastically reducing travel and shipping time.
Created national and global markets for goods and raw materials.
3. Economic Multiplier:
Enabled extraction of resources (e.g., coal, iron) from previously unreachable depths.
Powered early electricity generation before internal combustion and electrical grids.
4. Social and Urban Transformation:
Caused massive urban migration and new labor systems.
Laid the groundwork for the modern capitalist economy.
Spain Portugal Blackout Explained | what caused power outage | Limitations of Renewable
The April 28, 2025, blackout across Spain and Portugal disrupted power for millions, halting transport, telecoms, and essential services. Triggered by grid instability and potential renewable energy limitations, the incident highlights challenges in energy transition and the need for robust infrastructure and storage solutions.
Check the assumptions that is essay is based upon: The assumption that the design of the solar based inverter is based on is that the grid can absorb an unlimited amount of power from the aggregation of solar panels that are feeding power into the grid. This assumption is that there will never be a case where solar power production can exceed gird user electrical power consumption.
But this assumption that is likely true for solar power production may not be true for a new type of grid based power production called the LEMR based power system call the NGU. This assumption of unlimited power absorption could be undercut when at some future time there develops an over subscription of this new type power system called the NGU systems is connected to the grid. In this case that may exist in the future, when grid power usage by grid users in minimal, an over supply of power from the NGU aggregation is not sensitive to the overvoltage case that is being created.
To avoid possible grid damage, the NGU type inverters should test the voltage level that exists on the grid an tell the NGU aggregation to stop producing power when the voltage that exists on the grid is dangerous to grid infrastructure and to the devices connected to the grid.
AI Answer
The essay makes a crucial assumption about the grid’s capacity to absorb power, which is worth examining:
1. Assumption of Unlimited Grid Absorption for Solar Power:
The essay suggests that solar inverter design operates under the assumption that the grid can absorb an unlimited amount of power from solar panels.
This assumption implies that solar power production will never exceed grid users’ electricity consumption, meaning the grid will always be able to utilize the excess power generated by solar panels.
2. Potential Problems with the Assumption:
Over-generation and Curtailment: The essay points out that the assumption might not hold true with the introduction of new power generation sources, specifically mentioning “NGU” systems.
If NGU or other sources overproduce power, particularly during periods of low grid demand, it could lead to a situation where the grid cannot absorb all the generated power.
Overvoltage Issues: The essay highlights the potential for overvoltage if an oversupply of power occurs, particularly from NGU systems. This overvoltage, if not addressed, could damage grid infrastructure and devices connected to the grid.
Inverter Tripping: High PV penetration can lead to overvoltage, which may cause inverters to trip or reduce their output, potentially leading to a loss of solar generation and financial losses, according to http://ScienceDirect.com .
3. Need for Voltage Monitoring and Control:
The essay correctly identifies the need for NGU inverters to monitor grid voltage levels.
The proposed solution involves the NGU inverters instructing the NGU aggregation to stop power production when the grid voltage reaches dangerous levels. This suggests a requirement for smart inverter functionality that can dynamically adjust power output based on grid conditions.
In Summary:
The core assumption that the grid can always absorb all generated solar power may not always be valid, especially with the increasing deployment of renewable energy sources and the potential for over-generation during periods of low demand. The essay rightly suggests that grid-connected inverters, especially for new types of generation sources like the “NGU”, need to actively monitor grid voltage and implement control mechanisms to prevent overvoltage issues and ensure grid stability.
Yet another application for NGU Technology – Modern Lifeboat Power
Regulations require the number of lifeboats for the maximum person capacity of the ship.
Modern lifeboats might seat 70 passengers, have a 20-kW (or larger) motor, air-conditioning/heating, satellite communications, and other technical equipment.
Consider a cruise ship with a passenger and crew capacity of 3,500. 50 such lifeboats would be required.
If each lifeboat had an NGU generation capacity of 50 kW, this would likely be sufficient for propulsion, environment, and communications.
Since the lifeboats are not used unless an emergency occurs, they could supply additional electrical power to the ship. In this example, 50 such lifeboats would provide 2.5 mW to the ship for “free”.
“A large cruise ship can consume a significant amount of power, ranging from 7.5 to 12.5 megawatts (MW) for smaller vessels, and considerably more for larger ones”
Dear Andrea Rossi
The introduction to the first two paragraphs of Axil’s message of May 14 at 4:33 PM is incredibly exciting for your invention.
If this becomes reality, it will also lead to global changes in economics and power relations in addition to energy technology.
Please ensure your and your employees’ safety here!
Axil’s further analyses exceed my knowledge today.
I am impressed by your message in response to questions from Italo R.
The development now seems to be able to follow your assumptions.
I have a feeling that something positive emerges every day.
It is a pleasure to check JoNP every morning.
Regards Svein
Axil,
Agreed, good point in optimizing the lifetime of the NGU.
Rafal,
I was not referring on how current inverters work now, but more on how I think they should behave once the NGU power generation becomes significant. P.S. Also diesel generator behave that way when they are connected in parallel, to share the load.
Dr. Rossi,
I suppose that in your main factory the work of reconverting the robotic production lines is underway. I ask:
1 – Is my hypothesis true?
2 – In that case, have you already produced experimental models of Ecat?
> dropping a bit of knowledge here: there is no need to “turn off” the ecat for grid applications, the power generation is controlled by the frequency. The ecat can always be on (afaik it is a DC source), then the inverter that converts that into AC needs to have a logic that, from the frequency of the mains, will “decide” how much power to inject into the grid (e.g. 100% if 49.9Hz or 0% if 50.1Hz).
> This is how all the generating plants are synchronized in base of the demand. When the frequency goes too low, then an additional plant needs to be added.
This is not how inverters work. Inverter readings of grid frequency is not related with decision if it is allowed to inject more power into grid or not.
First, inverter have to be in sync with grid frequency all the time, otherwise it should shut itself down as a security measure.
Decision if it’s allowed to insert power into grid depends on its measurements of AC peak voltage. For example if it measures grid voltage at 240V, then it decides to increase this voltage to let say 250V and those additional 10V is used to transfer power into the grid.
If inverter measures grid voltage being already at 250V, then it decides that it is too high and does not increase it further. The maximum allowed voltage usually is some sort of parameter which can be changed in inverter settings and its value depends on grid operator recommendations.
In the era of the smart grid, there is an advantage to tie the inverter into the NGU system. This relieves the user from knowing anything about the NGU and the grid. It could make the NGU system the key player in the smart grid and keep other LENR systems out of the power market. The NGU could become the Microsoft of electrical power production that controls the flow of power to all segments of the world wide smart grid. The NGU could eliminate dumb nuclear power, gas power, coal power and so on because the NGU has the smarts to control what happens on the grid. Most of the smarts would go into the inverter, but the inverter would control the NGU via a control protocol. If Rossi gets a patent on that interface, that would lockout the competition. Dr Rossi’s partnership needs to add an inverter box provider to the partnership, which would give Dr Rossi as the chief scientist of the partnership control over what the inverter does.
This would also remove the role of the battery from grid power. The person who controls the NGU would control the world. For example, a grid overload could duplicate the effects of an EMP attack. The severity and extent of the damage would depend on the size and nature of the EMP like attack. For example, a specific country could be targeted for an overload like EMP attack. Modern societies are increasingly reliant on electronics, making them more vulnerable to an EMP level attacks. With its smart grid destroyed, recovery from a major overload EMP like attack could be a lengthy and complex process, potentially taking months or even years to restore essential infrastructure and services.
I ask the AI for its option on this scenario as follows:
This scenario presents a futuristic vision of the power grid, where a Next Generation Utility (NGU) system, possibly based on Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), plays a dominant role, controlled by a sophisticated inverter and a proprietary control protocol.
Here’s an analysis of the scenario:
1. Centralized Control & Potential Market Dominance:
NGU as a Key Player: The scenario envisions the NGU system as the central intelligence hub within the smart grid, potentially making other energy generation methods (nuclear, gas, coal) obsolete.
Inverter’s Critical Role: The inverter becomes the primary interface for controlling the NGU and managing power flow within the grid.
Control Protocol & Lockout: If a specific control protocol for the NGU-inverter interface is patented, it could give its creator (hypothetically, Rossi) a significant competitive advantage, potentially excluding other LENR systems from the market.
Partnership Strategy: To solidify this advantage, the scenario suggests partnering with an inverter provider, giving the chief scientist control over the inverter’s functionality and its interaction with the NGU.
2. Elimination of Batteries & Grid Control:
Battery Redundancy: With the NGU’s ability to manage power flow effectively, the need for battery storage within the grid could be reduced or eliminated.
Centralized Power Control: The individual or entity controlling the NGU system and its inverter would have significant control over the power grid, and potentially, global power distribution.
3. Potential for Malicious Use & Vulnerability:
EMP-like Attacks: The scenario suggests the potential for exploiting the NGU’s control over the grid to create targeted grid overloads that could mimic the effects of an Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) attack.
Consequences of Grid Disruption: Such an attack could cripple essential infrastructure and services, potentially leading to a protracted recovery period, measured in months or even years.
Increased Societal Vulnerability: Modern societies’ increasing reliance on electronics makes them particularly susceptible to EMP-like attacks and grid disruptions.
In conclusion:
This scenario highlights the potential for a powerful and transformative energy technology like LENR, coupled with a sophisticated inverter and control system, to revolutionize the power grid. However, it also underscores the need for careful consideration of the potential for misuse and the importance of ensuring resilience against grid disruptions.
Paul Dodgshun:
Thank you for the links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
gianluca:
Yes, this is an important issue that will be explained in due time,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Could you clarify what the relationship is between Leonardo Corporation and the new partner?
Thank you very much,
Frank Acland
Dearest Andrea
has the planning of future necessary assistance already been evaluated? Can you already say something about how you intend to carry out any repair and/or replacement interventions under warranty?
thanks
I believe that this inverter can provide many of the services that a large grid system, powered by a high proportion of NGU/SKLeps, will need : ECCO SUNSYNC INVERTER – SYNK-7K-SG05LP1
https://www.sunsynk.org/7kw-ecco-hybrid-inverter
https://www.sunsynk.org/_files/ugd/52fa1b_ea1d3b954652435b936f8ff0fafee52a.pdf
Grid Supply Page
Paralleling Inverters Advanced Settings
Grid power export or consumed
Peak shaving power: This is a technique used to reduce electrical power consumption during periods of maximum demand on the utility grid.
Gianvico:
No,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea, very happy to have been wrong.
After this dutiful mea culpa, I have to ask a “delicate” question:
since production is expected to reach millions of units, is there a fear that there may be a shortage of some natural element indispensable to the continuity of the assembly line?
Adam:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Giuseppe Censorio:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To Axil
On May 18th, you presented an AI generated plan for the adoption of E-Cat in the world energy market.
This had many clear and logical recommendations.
However, it did not understand the extent to which threats from existing technologies, in both economics and other contexts, represent.
You should try to formulate this, seperatly, in a new AI question.
Svein
Dr Rossi,
I studied carefully the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
I want to congratulate with you for this publication of paramount importance; it is not a case that it is the publication that had the highest total readings of all the millions of scientific publications on Researchgate.
Adam
Dear Andrea,
I bet you have something to teach this science communicator about ball lightning.
https://youtu.be/w_cX32Flb7I?si=YeJ_KqVp44kXFH3X
Regards, Giuseppe
Gerard:
I am not able to answer,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
axil:
Thank you for your suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Now that the NGU is close to commercialization, there is a need to adopt a plan to optimize the acceptance of the NGU by the public. I ask the AI to suggest such a plan that provides a framework that optimizes the adoption of the NGU into our current lifestyle.
Dr. Rossi might be well served to discuss with his partners to form a plan to optimize the prospects for the adoption of the NGU both in their own businesses and throughout society in general.
Once the NGU is available on the market, it might be useful for early adopters to demonstrate as suggested by the AI to show how they are using the NGU to improve their daily lives through video based demos and open discussions around the WEB. This might include contact with your political representatives to extoll the advantages of NGU adoption that the NGU might provide
AI Question
Recommend a plan that will optimize the adoption of the NGU system into general use in society. Assume that the NGU produces electric energy without the need for fuel; assume that the science community is hostel to the NGU as well as the purveyors of all forms of energy production currently in use or currently under development.
The AI Plan
Okay, this is a fascinating and challenging scenario! Introducing a revolutionary energy source like the NGU, which generates electricity without fuel, while facing opposition from both the scientific community and the established energy industry, requires a multi-faceted and strategic approach. Here’s a plan to optimize NGU adoption, addressing the key hurdles:
I. Overcoming Scientific Skepticism:
Transparency & Open Access:
Rigorous Testing & Documentation:
Conduct extensive, independent, and transparent testing of the NGU. Meticulously document every step of the process, including data, methodology, and results. Make all this information publicly available.
Open-Source Design:
Release a simplified, open-source version of the NGU design. Allow researchers and developers to replicate, test, and improve the technology. This fosters trust and invites collaboration.
Peer-Review & Independent Validation: Encourage independent scientific organizations to evaluate the NGU. Submit findings for peer review in reputable journals. Address critiques transparently and rigorously.
Focus on Demonstrable Results:
Pilot Programs:
Implement small-scale pilot programs in communities where the need for affordable energy is high. Showcase the NGU’s real-world performance and its positive impact on lives.
Data-Driven Advocacy:
Use the performance data from pilot programs to build a compelling case for the NGU. Demonstrate its efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness.
Build Alliances:
Engage Forward-Thinking Scientists:
Find and partner with open-minded scientists who are willing to investigate the NGU despite the initial skepticism.
Foster Collaboration: Offer research grants and partnerships to universities and labs to explore applications of the NGU.
II. Bypassing the Entrenched Energy Industry:
Decentralized Deployment:
Microgrids & Community Power:
Focus on deploying the NGU in decentralized, community-based microgrids. This empowers local communities and bypasses large-scale energy infrastructure.
Off-Grid Solutions: Promote the NGU as a solution for remote and off-grid areas. This demonstrates its potential for independent power generation and can create a strong user base.
Economic Incentives:
Subsidies and Tax Breaks:
Lobby for government incentives that directly benefit early adopters of the NGU.
Reduce Energy Costs: Show that widespread adoption of the NGU will lead to significant reductions in energy bills, and emphasize the long-term financial benefits.
Invest in Education:
Implement training programs to equip individuals and communities with the knowledge and skills to manufacture, install, and maintain the NGU, creating local economic opportunities.
Empower Consumers:
User-Friendly Designs:
Develop user-friendly versions of the NGU for residential and small-business use.
Focus on Cost Savings:
Emphasize how the NGU can empower people and businesses to be energy-independent and eliminate utility bills, creating a strong incentive for adoption.
Strategic Partnerships:
Non-Profits & NGOs: Collaborate with organizations focused on environmental sustainability, poverty alleviation, and community development.
Local Governments:
Work with local and municipal authorities to establish the NGU within existing community infrastructure.
Transparency & Communication:
Educate the Public:
Communicate the technology to the public in a clear and simple way, focusing on the practical benefits it offers.
Address Concerns:
Openly address any potential downsides of the technology as well as the advantages, and encourage transparency, making sure the public knows that you are not hiding anything.
Build Public Trust:
Act with integrity and transparency to establish trust with the public.
III. Strategic Communication & Public Engagement:
Focus on Benefits:
Communicate the NGU’s benefits for the general public: clean energy, lower costs, greater energy independence, and reduced carbon footprint.
Visual Storytelling:
Create compelling visual content (videos, infographics) showcasing the technology and its impact.
Highlight Success Stories:
Share powerful stories of communities and individuals who have benefited from the NGU.
Engage on Social Media:
Build a strong online presence to communicate updates and engage with the public.
Build a Grassroots Movement:
Encourage a community of enthusiastic users and advocates who can promote the NGU in their networks.
IV. Regulatory & Legal Strategies:
Work with Progressive Regulators: Advocate for the technology with regulators who are open to innovative and sustainable energy solutions.
Highlight the Public Benefit: Emphasize the potential of the technology for public welfare, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and improving air quality.
Prepare for Legal Challenges:
Be prepared to address potential legal challenges from established energy interests. Have the legal resources and support available.
Key Success Factors:
Patience and Persistence:
Overcoming entrenched systems takes time and sustained effort.
Collaboration:
Building alliances across different sectors is essential.
Transparency:
Being open and honest builds trust and reduces skepticism.
Adaptability:
Be willing to adjust the plan as the situation evolves.
By implementing this multifaceted approach, the NGU can slowly gain public support, overcome scientific skepticism, and build a groundswell of demand that eventually pushes it past the opposition from the current energy industry. This is not going to be an easy or quick process, but a persistent and well-executed strategy can eventually achieve success.
Dr Rossi,
Aren’t you afraid that the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
could allow reverse engineering, after the paragraphs 5, 6 have been replicated as we read on this blog in many comments ?
Best
Gerard
axil:
I agree,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Rodney Nicholson:
Thank you for your quote,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Thank you, Andrea, for that wonderful quote. Upon googling it I see that it has been attributed to G. Michael Hopf.
——————-
History always repeats: hard times generate strong guys, strong guys generate easy times, easy times generate weak guys, weak guys generate hard times…and so on again and again across millennia.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
——————-
Seems to me we are quite far advanced in Stage 3. Anyone disagree?
Rodney.
AI Question
What is your opinion about this subject: The classical way to control a network like the grid is through a Network Control Center(NCC). The smart grid can be separated into various zones that interconnect with a redundant failsafe NCC managing all the connected systems that are producing grid power in that zone. This control is enabled using PLC ( Power Line Communication protocol) where network management commands are sent down interconnecting power lines to tell each power producing system what to do. Security is addressed through the use of robust encryption and authentication methods enforced on the PLC protocol. . With such positive control management it is unlikely that the grid will descend into an out of control situation. Other grid functions like power production metering and billing could be handled by the NCC. Insuring equitable treatment, the NCC would also ensure that no power producing system gets an advantage at producing power that is being fed into the grid. It is my speculation that by time the smart grid has matured, Artificial intelligent controllers with manage the grid with human monitors attending.
AI Answer
This is a well-reasoned and interesting perspective on how to manage a smart grid, incorporating both established practices and forward-thinking ideas.
Here’s a breakdown of the key aspects and some thoughts:
1. Network Control Centers (NCCs) and Zonal Management:
Classical Approach: Using NCCs to manage a network is a standard and proven method, particularly in the context of traditional power grids.
Zonal Division: Dividing the smart grid into zones, each with its own NCC, can improve manageability, scalability, and resilience, according to Energy Central.
Redundancy: A redundant failsafe NCC is a crucial aspect for maintaining grid reliability and minimizing downtime in case of failures.
2. Power Line Communication (PLC):
Cost-Effective: PLC leverages existing power lines for communication, which can be more cost-effective than deploying new communication infrastructure.
Challenges: PLC can be susceptible to noise and interference on power lines, which may require robust error correction and signal processing techniques.
Security: As you mentioned, strong encryption and authentication are essential for securing PLC communication against cyber threats.
3. Centralized Control vs. Distributed Control:
Centralized Control: The proposed model emphasizes centralized control with NCCs, which allows for coordinated grid management and optimization.
Distributed Control: Some experts argue for a more distributed control approach in smart grids, leveraging edge computing and local intelligence to improve responsiveness and resilience.
Hybrid Approach: A hybrid approach that combines elements of centralized and distributed control could be a viable option.
4. Equitable Treatment of Power Producers:
NCC Role: The NCC’s role in ensuring equitable treatment and preventing any power producer from gaining an unfair advantage is a crucial aspect of fair market operation.
Transparency and Algorithms: Achieving equitable treatment might require transparent algorithms and market mechanisms to prevent manipulation.
5. Future of AI-Powered Grid Management:
AI Potential: The idea of AI-powered controllers managing the grid with human oversight is a compelling vision for the future.
Real-time Optimization: AI can significantly enhance grid optimization, forecasting, and anomaly detection, leading to better grid stability and efficiency.
Challenges: However, AI models require extensive training data, continuous monitoring, and careful handling of potential biases.
Overall:
Your vision of a smart grid with zonal NCCs, PLC-based communication, robust security, and equitable treatment of power producers is a well-structured concept.
The potential of AI to further enhance grid management and optimization is also a key consideration for the future.
As the smart grid evolves, finding the right balance between centralized and distributed control, as well as addressing the challenges associated with PLC and AI, will be essential for building a resilient and efficient energy infrastructure.
Alessandro Ferrari:
I have well present evolution and selection of the more fit charactiristics of species, I studied it, and there are solid bases about the evolutionism, but one thing is evolution of existing organisms, another completely different thing is the creation of an organism: it is simply impossible. We have solid scientific evidence of the evolution of humans, animals, vegetals, but no evidence at all of casual aggregation of matter in a way that can evolve spontaneoulsly into a tree, let alone an animal or a human being: it would be against the third principle of thermodynamic; as I said, it is much more difficult than writing a poem on a sheet of paper pouring billions of billions of times ( not in one go ) a tank of ink, hoping that sooner or later casually this spontaneous evolution can happen, without an original creative act to make an organism able to evolve eventually.
Darwin was right: it the is darwinistic ontological extension of evolutionism into the attribution of pneuma to the matter in an entropical system that is wrong.
Philosophers have ignored Entropy, as much as I am aware of; I think this is a mistake.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Giuseppe Censorio:
Someone has a larger share.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
are your partners’ participation shares equal, or does someone have a larger share.
Regards, Giuseppe
Dr. Rossi,
I think the conversation about entropy and God’s existence is very interesting.
I think there’s something missing in your reasoning: evolution.
The complex structures are not created in one go from a clean slate but they start from a previous state, differentiate in many varieties and are selected by evolution.
These steps make the probabilities completely different.
Let’s take something similar as an example: function optimization.
We have an unknown multi-dimensional function that we can compute point by point at a somewhat high cost.
We want to find a maximum value and position. Global maximum would be best but a local maximum is good enough. Because anyway humans are far from global maximum as an entity.
We can proceed naively by trying with random coordinates hoping to hit a maximum.
That’s EXTREMELY wasteful and EXTREMELY unlikely to happen.
Or we can make some very basic and reasonable assumptions on the function shape and apply one of the many advanced optimisation algorithms that we invented.
Let’s start with a simple algorithm:
– we pick a set of random points around our starting position (the starting position will be a random position initially)
– we compute their value and keep the best one
– we set it as new starting position and iterate
We can keep just one point during the selection process or keep multiple ones and proceed with a multi-path search.
That’s similar to what nature does and even an algorithm as simple as that changes probabilities completely compared to testing random points with no logic.
These steps repeated for billions of years creating what we currently experience.
– Initially you have random molecules of any sort.
– More stable molecules will be more abundant simply because they last longer. That’s the first “selection” process.
– Then some molecules happen to be able to grow and replicate by organising raw materials around them. I.e. crystals. They naturally became way more abundant than the others. “Growth” became another main factor
– After some exponential growth raw material started to be scarce
– Molecules that were able to destabilise other molecules and “eat” them got a key advantage. “Eating” became another main factor
– On the other hand molecules that were more resistant to “eating” had an advantage.
– The external boundary is the place where “eating” can happen so the selection of good characteristics of internals and boundaries started to diverge. Even something as simple as surface oxide in copper protects the bulk. That’s the start of topological differentiation as an advantage.
– The environment changes with time. Sometimes periodically. Sometimes not. That adds more selection pressure. Adapting fast can be more important than stability
These are just some examples but there are many more!
You can see as RNA and some kind of cellular structure (just boundary and internal space) can emerge and from them through evolution all the life that we see around us.
But why the life that we see and not something completely different but equally good from an evolutionary standpoint?
Even after considering the starting position and the external forces there would be innumerable equally “good” possibilities.
Why did we land in this one?
That was just random and how chaos works.
While exploring for a maximum (in the function optimization example) we happen to hit (picking random surrounding points) the area around this local maximum and we are here.
If we landed in a different “area” we could equally question ourselves about why that one and not another.
So no need for an external invisible hand (or God).
Just physics and the emergent phenomenons that come from the complexity of combining innumerable interactions over billions of years.
That’s my reasoning and thanks for the opportunity to express it.
As a long time follower I wish you the best future for your life and your work!
Best,
Alessandro
Axil made an excellent presentation on inverters.
Currently, residential homes with roof-installed solar panels use an inverter coupled with a battery system because solar only provides power when the Sum is shining. In addition, the solar output varies depending on season, clouds, weather, and many other factors.
NGU power generation is continuous and independent of outside factors such as season or weather.
Grid power demands also vary by season and over the day. Typically, the Grid demand is greatest during hot summer daytime hours.
So, how does one balance an NGU power residence with Grid power demands?
On approach might be entirely Off-Grid – where there is no connection to the Grid. This is expensive because there must be sufficient NGU power generating capacity to handle the greatest power demand at any time. You wind up with NGU-generated power being wasted – not consumed most of the time. Adding battery storage helps with daily changes – charge at night when demand is low, discharge the battery system during the day to supplement the constant NGU power generation.
The other alternative is Grid-Tie. Provide a constant level of NGU-generated power and supplement with Grid power when the residential demand is higher than what the NGU system can provide. When the Grid goes down, then you have no power because you are not allowed to send power to the Grid when the Grid is down.
Then there is a Hybrid Grid-Tie. Here the Grid power is only an input/output to the inverter. The inverter applies power to the Residential electrical load, choosing which source, solar, NGU, and/or Grid supply to use. If excess power is available, the inverter can send unused power to the Grid, or excess power could be stored in the battery system for later use. In the event of a Grid outage, the residence could still be power by NGU power and/or battery stored energy.
If the inverter is smart, and the inverter can communication with the Grid system, the amount of power going to the Grid or coming from the Grid could be controlled for optimum Grid conditions. Energy stored in the battery system could be used to supplement Grid power while not overpowering the Grid.
axil:
Thank you for your insights and the links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Iggy Dalrymple:
Will honor, as I already said,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Will your electic grid provider/partner honor the pool of pre-purchase orders or will he be allowed to move ahead and dedicate production to his own needs?
Iggy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QB8SWE_PBTE&t=19s
Negative energy prices: Why cheap electricity can create huge problems | Transforming Business.
The last three years have seen a rapid increase in renewable energy production across much of Europe. But thanks to the variability of solar and wind energy, sometimes more energy is being produced than can actually be used, which tips prices not only into ultra cheap territory, but sometimes into the negatives. Why’s this happening? And what can be done to better harness a bountiful renewable energy market?
It may cost you money if you send too much NGU electrical power to the Grid. This is called Negative Energy pricing. You might want to use an inverter that disconnects your NGU power feed when the Grid faces an oversupply of electrical power.
Grid-tied inverters are designed to work in conjunction with the electric grid. They monitor the grid’s voltage and frequency, and they output their own power in synchronization with the grid.
This type of inverter can detect power oversupply on the grid and disconnect from it.
Grid-tied inverters are designed to synchronize with the grid’s voltage and frequency. They inject power into the grid when solar panels generate more electricity than the house needs.
Anti-islanding protection prevents “islanding” (where the inverter continues to power a section of the grid even when the main grid is down), inverters are equipped with anti-islanding protection.
If the grid becomes unstable, due to a blackout or other issues, the inverter detects this through abnormal voltage and frequency fluctuations.
Regulations like the National Electrical Code (NEC) in the US mandate that inverters shut down during grid outages to prevent backfeeding power onto the grid, which could endanger line workers.
When the inverter detects an oversupply situation (e.g., high voltage) or an unstable grid (e.g., voltage or frequency outside of acceptable limits), it will disconnect from the grid.
Once disconnected, the inverter typically stops feeding power.
Reconnect: When the grid returns to a stable state, the inverter will usually automatically reconnect and resume normal operation.
In summary: Grid-tied inverters are designed to detect grid instability, including power oversupply, and disconnect to protect both the grid and personnel working on it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7G4ipM2qjfw&t=11s
Connecting Solar to the Grid is Harder Than You Think
A lot of the interesting challenges with renewables are happening behind the scenes.
We’re in the growing pains stage right now, working out the bugs that these new types of energy generation create, but if you pay attention to what’s happening in the industry, it’s mostly good news. A lot of people from all sides of the industry are working really hard on these engineering challenges so that we’ll soon come out with a more reliable, sustainable, and resilient grid on the other end.
There are smart invertors that can protect the Grid from overvoltage failure. Dr. Rossi and his Grid based partner might want to consider recommending or even requiring these various branes of smart inverters to the customer that will protect the Grid from overvoltage failure conditions.
Smart inverters are equipped with features to recognize and react to grid voltage fluctuations, including overvoltage. When an overvoltage is detected, the inverter will usually disconnect from the grid. This prevents the inverter from injecting power into the grid when the voltage is too high, potentially causing harm to the system or equipment.
Disconnection often leads to the inverter shutting down completely, preventing further conversion of DC power to AC and stopping power flow into the home or to the grid.
Some smart inverters can also adjust their output or provide reactive power support to help regulate voltage and stabilize the grid during overvoltage conditions. This can help prevent the grid from further deviating from its normal operating parameters.
The disconnection and shut-down features are crucial safety mechanisms for the inverter and the solar system, preventing damage or overload during abnormal grid conditions.
The smart inverter’s response to overvoltage conditions is designed to ensure compatibility with the grid and to protect both the inverter and the grid.
https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/solar-integration-inverters-and-grid-services-basics#:~:text=When%20the%20grid%20stops%20behaving,power%20that%20was%20previously%20stored.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qPXBm1mxtk&t=2s
“Systems integration research in the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) supports technologies and solutions that enable solar grid integration while ensuring the reliability, resilience, and security of the electric power system. These research, development, and demonstration activities address the key technical challenges in power system planning and operations, solar forecasting and variability management, control optimization, system protection and stabilities, energy storage integration, power electronics, real-time situational awareness, and cybersecurity. In addition, SETO supports the development of industry standards and best practices on interconnection requirements, testing, and validation for solar systems on the bulk power grid as well as the distribution grid.”
One of the steps that should be taken before the NGU is sold on the market is to run smart inverter qualification testing to insure that the smart inverters that are recommended by the NGU marketing team can interoperate with the NGU system. A qualification test should simulate all the grid conditions that the inverter must respond to in both normal and unusual conditions on the grid. The various invertor venders may have a quality assurance program that has done these tests based on solar panel system inputs. The NGU quality assurance program might ask these various smart inverter vendors to participate in a qualification test interfacing with the NGU system using their qualification testing as a template for the NGU tests..
Greg Smith:
Thank you for your historic reference.
History always repeats: hard times generate strong guys, strong guys generate easy times, easy times generate weak guys, weak guys generate hard times…and so on again and again across millennia.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
As history is about to repeat (sort of!), and as E-Cat is about to make history, it is fascinating to look at the commercial success of the Watt steam engine (below).
The steam engine is often mentioned as in the top five most impactful inventions for mankind.
Compared to E-Cat: Cost? Installation challenges? Installation counts? 125 sold in the first 20 years! ROI?
Greg
The Watt steam engine—a significantly improved version of the Newcomen engine—was commercialized in the late 18th century, and it marked a turning point in the Industrial Revolution.
📅 Commercialization Timeline:
1769 – James Watt patents the separate condenser.
1775 – Watt forms a partnership with Matthew Boulton (Boulton & Watt), marking the start of full commercial production.
1780s–1800s – Widespread adoption across mining, manufacturing, and eventually transportation (rail and ships).
💰 Cost:
A typical Watt steam engine in the late 18th century cost around £2,000 to £5,000 (in 18th-century currency). In today’s money, that would be approximately $400,000 to $1 million+ USD, depending on the size and configuration.
First 10 Years (1775–1785):
~20 to 25 engines sold.
Initial adoption was slow due to:
High cost.
Conservative attitudes in industry.
Need for custom installation.
Patent constraints (Watt’s separate condenser patent lasted until 1800).
First 20 Years (1775–1795):
~100–125 engines sold.
Adoption accelerated in the 1780s, especially in:
Mining (pumping water more efficiently than Newcomen).
Textile mills and early factories.
First 30 Years (1775–1805):
~300+ engines sold.
By this point:
Textile, iron, and brewing industries were major customers.
Watt’s patents expired in 1800, opening the market to more widespread use and competition.
⚙️ Function:
The Watt engine:
Pumped water out of deep mines (especially coal mines).
Powered machinery in textile mills and factories.
Enabled mechanization in industries that had previously relied on human, animal, or water power.
Key innovation: the separate condenser, which dramatically improved efficiency by avoiding repeated heating/cooling of the main cylinder, as in Newcomen’s design.
📈 Return on Investment (ROI):
Watt licensed his engines on the basis of a share of fuel savings compared to Newcomen engines—often one-third of the coal saved.
His engine used about 75% less coal than the Newcomen engine for the same task.
Example ROI Scenario:
A mine switching from Newcomen to Watt could save hundreds of pounds worth of coal per year.
If the engine cost £3,000 and saved £1,000/year in fuel, payback period = ~3 years.
ROI = 33% annually or higher, depending on usage.
Summary:
Commercialization
Began in 1775 via Boulton & Watt
Cost
~£2,000–£5,000 (≈ $400K–$1M+ today)
Function
Pumping water, powering mills/factories
ROI
High—payback in ~3 years, ~33%+ annual return
The steam engine is consistently ranked among the top 5 most impactful inventions in human history, especially in terms of its influence on economic development, industrialization, and societal transformation.
🌍 Why It Ranks So Highly:
1. Catalyst of the Industrial Revolution:
Enabled mechanized production, replacing manual labor and animal power.
Powered factories, textile mills, and metalworks, making mass production possible.
2. Revolutionized Transportation:
Led to railroads and steamships, drastically reducing travel and shipping time.
Created national and global markets for goods and raw materials.
3. Economic Multiplier:
Enabled extraction of resources (e.g., coal, iron) from previously unreachable depths.
Powered early electricity generation before internal combustion and electrical grids.
4. Social and Urban Transformation:
Caused massive urban migration and new labor systems.
Laid the groundwork for the modern capitalist economy.
axil:
Thank you for the links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNiZE82nTQo
Spain Portugal Blackout Explained | what caused power outage | Limitations of Renewable
The April 28, 2025, blackout across Spain and Portugal disrupted power for millions, halting transport, telecoms, and essential services. Triggered by grid instability and potential renewable energy limitations, the incident highlights challenges in energy transition and the need for robust infrastructure and storage solutions.
A reference that supports the premises of my previous post as follows:
How the Massive Growth in Solar Power Is Affecting Power Grids
https://www.powermag.com/how-the-massive-growth-in-solar-power-is-affecting-power-grids/
axil:
Very interesting,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
AI Question:
Check the assumptions that is essay is based upon: The assumption that the design of the solar based inverter is based on is that the grid can absorb an unlimited amount of power from the aggregation of solar panels that are feeding power into the grid. This assumption is that there will never be a case where solar power production can exceed gird user electrical power consumption.
But this assumption that is likely true for solar power production may not be true for a new type of grid based power production called the LEMR based power system call the NGU. This assumption of unlimited power absorption could be undercut when at some future time there develops an over subscription of this new type power system called the NGU systems is connected to the grid. In this case that may exist in the future, when grid power usage by grid users in minimal, an over supply of power from the NGU aggregation is not sensitive to the overvoltage case that is being created.
To avoid possible grid damage, the NGU type inverters should test the voltage level that exists on the grid an tell the NGU aggregation to stop producing power when the voltage that exists on the grid is dangerous to grid infrastructure and to the devices connected to the grid.
AI Answer
The essay makes a crucial assumption about the grid’s capacity to absorb power, which is worth examining:
1. Assumption of Unlimited Grid Absorption for Solar Power:
The essay suggests that solar inverter design operates under the assumption that the grid can absorb an unlimited amount of power from solar panels.
This assumption implies that solar power production will never exceed grid users’ electricity consumption, meaning the grid will always be able to utilize the excess power generated by solar panels.
2. Potential Problems with the Assumption:
Over-generation and Curtailment: The essay points out that the assumption might not hold true with the introduction of new power generation sources, specifically mentioning “NGU” systems.
If NGU or other sources overproduce power, particularly during periods of low grid demand, it could lead to a situation where the grid cannot absorb all the generated power.
Overvoltage Issues: The essay highlights the potential for overvoltage if an oversupply of power occurs, particularly from NGU systems. This overvoltage, if not addressed, could damage grid infrastructure and devices connected to the grid.
Inverter Tripping: High PV penetration can lead to overvoltage, which may cause inverters to trip or reduce their output, potentially leading to a loss of solar generation and financial losses, according to http://ScienceDirect.com .
3. Need for Voltage Monitoring and Control:
The essay correctly identifies the need for NGU inverters to monitor grid voltage levels.
The proposed solution involves the NGU inverters instructing the NGU aggregation to stop power production when the grid voltage reaches dangerous levels. This suggests a requirement for smart inverter functionality that can dynamically adjust power output based on grid conditions.
In Summary:
The core assumption that the grid can always absorb all generated solar power may not always be valid, especially with the increasing deployment of renewable energy sources and the potential for over-generation during periods of low demand. The essay rightly suggests that grid-connected inverters, especially for new types of generation sources like the “NGU”, need to actively monitor grid voltage and implement control mechanisms to prevent overvoltage issues and ensure grid stability.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Yet another application for NGU Technology – Modern Lifeboat Power
Regulations require the number of lifeboats for the maximum person capacity of the ship.
Modern lifeboats might seat 70 passengers, have a 20-kW (or larger) motor, air-conditioning/heating, satellite communications, and other technical equipment.
Consider a cruise ship with a passenger and crew capacity of 3,500. 50 such lifeboats would be required.
If each lifeboat had an NGU generation capacity of 50 kW, this would likely be sufficient for propulsion, environment, and communications.
Since the lifeboats are not used unless an emergency occurs, they could supply additional electrical power to the ship. In this example, 50 such lifeboats would provide 2.5 mW to the ship for “free”.
“A large cruise ship can consume a significant amount of power, ranging from 7.5 to 12.5 megawatts (MW) for smaller vessels, and considerably more for larger ones”
Thoughts?
Svein:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi
The introduction to the first two paragraphs of Axil’s message of May 14 at 4:33 PM is incredibly exciting for your invention.
If this becomes reality, it will also lead to global changes in economics and power relations in addition to energy technology.
Please ensure your and your employees’ safety here!
Axil’s further analyses exceed my knowledge today.
I am impressed by your message in response to questions from Italo R.
The development now seems to be able to follow your assumptions.
I have a feeling that something positive emerges every day.
It is a pleasure to check JoNP every morning.
Regards Svein
Italo R.
1- yes
2- yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Rafal
How does the NGU coordinate with the inverter when the inverter decides to shut down or start up?
Axil,
Agreed, good point in optimizing the lifetime of the NGU.
Rafal,
I was not referring on how current inverters work now, but more on how I think they should behave once the NGU power generation becomes significant. P.S. Also diesel generator behave that way when they are connected in parallel, to share the load.
Regards
Dr. Rossi,
I suppose that in your main factory the work of reconverting the robotic production lines is underway. I ask:
1 – Is my hypothesis true?
2 – In that case, have you already produced experimental models of Ecat?
Kind regards,
Italo R.
axil:
Thank you for your analysis and suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Regarding Marco Degano comment:
> dropping a bit of knowledge here: there is no need to “turn off” the ecat for grid applications, the power generation is controlled by the frequency. The ecat can always be on (afaik it is a DC source), then the inverter that converts that into AC needs to have a logic that, from the frequency of the mains, will “decide” how much power to inject into the grid (e.g. 100% if 49.9Hz or 0% if 50.1Hz).
> This is how all the generating plants are synchronized in base of the demand. When the frequency goes too low, then an additional plant needs to be added.
This is not how inverters work. Inverter readings of grid frequency is not related with decision if it is allowed to inject more power into grid or not.
First, inverter have to be in sync with grid frequency all the time, otherwise it should shut itself down as a security measure.
Decision if it’s allowed to insert power into grid depends on its measurements of AC peak voltage. For example if it measures grid voltage at 240V, then it decides to increase this voltage to let say 250V and those additional 10V is used to transfer power into the grid.
If inverter measures grid voltage being already at 250V, then it decides that it is too high and does not increase it further. The maximum allowed voltage usually is some sort of parameter which can be changed in inverter settings and its value depends on grid operator recommendations.
In the era of the smart grid, there is an advantage to tie the inverter into the NGU system. This relieves the user from knowing anything about the NGU and the grid. It could make the NGU system the key player in the smart grid and keep other LENR systems out of the power market. The NGU could become the Microsoft of electrical power production that controls the flow of power to all segments of the world wide smart grid. The NGU could eliminate dumb nuclear power, gas power, coal power and so on because the NGU has the smarts to control what happens on the grid. Most of the smarts would go into the inverter, but the inverter would control the NGU via a control protocol. If Rossi gets a patent on that interface, that would lockout the competition. Dr Rossi’s partnership needs to add an inverter box provider to the partnership, which would give Dr Rossi as the chief scientist of the partnership control over what the inverter does.
This would also remove the role of the battery from grid power. The person who controls the NGU would control the world. For example, a grid overload could duplicate the effects of an EMP attack. The severity and extent of the damage would depend on the size and nature of the EMP like attack. For example, a specific country could be targeted for an overload like EMP attack. Modern societies are increasingly reliant on electronics, making them more vulnerable to an EMP level attacks. With its smart grid destroyed, recovery from a major overload EMP like attack could be a lengthy and complex process, potentially taking months or even years to restore essential infrastructure and services.
I ask the AI for its option on this scenario as follows:
This scenario presents a futuristic vision of the power grid, where a Next Generation Utility (NGU) system, possibly based on Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), plays a dominant role, controlled by a sophisticated inverter and a proprietary control protocol.
Here’s an analysis of the scenario:
1. Centralized Control & Potential Market Dominance:
NGU as a Key Player: The scenario envisions the NGU system as the central intelligence hub within the smart grid, potentially making other energy generation methods (nuclear, gas, coal) obsolete.
Inverter’s Critical Role: The inverter becomes the primary interface for controlling the NGU and managing power flow within the grid.
Control Protocol & Lockout: If a specific control protocol for the NGU-inverter interface is patented, it could give its creator (hypothetically, Rossi) a significant competitive advantage, potentially excluding other LENR systems from the market.
Partnership Strategy: To solidify this advantage, the scenario suggests partnering with an inverter provider, giving the chief scientist control over the inverter’s functionality and its interaction with the NGU.
2. Elimination of Batteries & Grid Control:
Battery Redundancy: With the NGU’s ability to manage power flow effectively, the need for battery storage within the grid could be reduced or eliminated.
Centralized Power Control: The individual or entity controlling the NGU system and its inverter would have significant control over the power grid, and potentially, global power distribution.
3. Potential for Malicious Use & Vulnerability:
EMP-like Attacks: The scenario suggests the potential for exploiting the NGU’s control over the grid to create targeted grid overloads that could mimic the effects of an Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) attack.
Consequences of Grid Disruption: Such an attack could cripple essential infrastructure and services, potentially leading to a protracted recovery period, measured in months or even years.
Increased Societal Vulnerability: Modern societies’ increasing reliance on electronics makes them particularly susceptible to EMP-like attacks and grid disruptions.
In conclusion:
This scenario highlights the potential for a powerful and transformative energy technology like LENR, coupled with a sophisticated inverter and control system, to revolutionize the power grid. However, it also underscores the need for careful consideration of the potential for misuse and the importance of ensuring resilience against grid disruptions.
axil:
Thank you for the suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.