.
by
F. Santandrea
R&D systems analyst – Labor s.r.l. Rome Italy
E-mail: f.santandrea@labor-roma.it
.
U. Abundo
Physics teacher – Leopoldo Pirelli I.T.I.S. high school Rome Italy
E-mail: interprogetto@email.it
.
.
The QST theory elaborated in 1994 by F. Santandrea, now under revision, contains some topics concerning the LENR recently submitted and appreciated from LENR researchers, QST could giving an unifying point of view on the whole Physics.
For further detailed please refer to the following link QST updated topics:
Ten years later the same basic ideas were independently approached by U. Abundo employing the tools offered by the J.Von Neumann’s Cellular Automata from a point of view focused on information traveling, please refer to the following link:
The well known Widom-Larsen theory, basically focused on the cooperating behavior of the electrons in condensed matter (tuned with the theory of G. Preparata) may be regarded as a special case, under specific conditions, of what is predictable by the QST.
According with QST, it is naturally predictable the loss of identity of the electrons confined into condensed matter lattice, while the properties of space have priority and permit/control existence and behavior of electrons, so giving a natural coherence to the assumptions of Widom-Larsen.
Into the present new approach to space and particles structure, the latter become just expression of stable resonance frequencies of space; the same electron, particles and generally condensed matter are “electromagnetic objects” constituted of standing waves into the space quantum found by TSQ.
.
.
Dear Avi:
Within the 2013,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Eccp Liberation:
We will solicit Eng. Scolari.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Herb Gills:
We change the isotopical composition in the charge, while the measurement of the isotopical changements after the operation is very difficult, due to the fact that we use picograms and the range of the normal composition of every isotope is relatively wide.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea Rossi:
When you said earlier today, in response to Steve Karels, that the output product of the Ecat was nickel; did you mean to say that it is a heavier isotope of nickel than what you started with? Or is the isotopte composition of the nickel unchanged?
Dott. Rossi,
Despite promises made, the 100-pages report you handed over to the Pordenone meeting organizer Eng. Franco Scolari more than a week ago has still not been posted online. Could you or any of your friends put it online instead? I think it would be an interesting read for the curious mind.
Ecco
Dear John Proof,
The article to which she makes reference in the comment is not the “Quantum Space Theory” but a model of Electromagnetic Unification : “Electronic Conception of the Space, the Energy and the Matter”;
this model is shown as link in the article “The Quantum Space Theory (QST) could explain the LENR”
published on JONP.
The QST, always in development, will be the subject of future publications and insights.
So the claims reported in the model are propositions that will illustrate and introduce a new categorization of physical reality.
The formula [36] is not the final equation of the model, it simply shows how the above equations are conceptually consistent and in agreement with the charge of Planck : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_charge
Warm Regards
F. Santandrea, U. Abundo
Hi
When the Hot Cat will be commercial?
TRhanks
Dear Andrea,
In my opinion, Lepczak’s cryobot proposal (a device with internal heat source that melts its way through ice by gravity) is not fictional, it has been studied and could be done by RTG, so why not by E-cat also. If we want to find out if there is life on Europa, a nuclear cryobot is the practical way to do it.
The best way to speed up also these diverse applications is to get the home units into market, which requires certification, which requires testing hours, which requires the industrial plants, which requires … the “Tesla “work that you are doing now. So all roads lead to Rome. (Correct/wrong?)
regards, pekka
Dear Steven N. Karels:
Nickel.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Adam Lepczak:
I am sure you understand your comment is fiction, not science.
I have to stay with the feet well seat on the ground of energy production. The space of fantascience is infinite, but not real, even if sometime it gives an oulook of what can happen in the distant future…
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi and all readers,
Very important application for the Ecat technology is in space exploration. We could use it to melt the ice (just the heat production is required!) on Jupiter’s moon Europa and get through to the liquid water at the core – possibly finding a vibrant ecosystem there.
Such a mission could be perfected here on Earth – the prototype “Ecat Powered” probe could be used to get to the liquid water of frozen lake Vostok on Antarctica:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Vostok
In summary: Ecat has a potential to shift the energy production here on earth and find an alien life outside of our planet. I would hope that when the time comes, Leonardo Corp will consider financing such an important mission.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
You have been very clear in your sharing of eCat performance and workings. One question (of many more) remains in my mind. What are the predominant output products of the eCat reaction? Copper, Tritium, Lithium, etc?
To all but especially to Markus K.
Markus K. wrote October 15th, 2012 at 3:45 PM:
“I was thinking about your control principle with heating resistors and i don’t understand how the system can work:
Because every stable control system needs a negative feedback loop.
But from what i know about your Ecat, there is a positive feedback loop: if the reaction in the core begins to heat, the temperature rises and as the temp rises the reaction increases. There is no negative feedback that would reduce temperature if it goes above the target temperature, because you have no cooling, only heating resistors.”
The negative feedback loop is not need to drive ECAT. For the safety reason is enough to set the hard conditions of the charge chamber ( volume, shape, masses of reactants, area of surface of Nickel powder etc. ) in such way, to slow fade out reaction. Positive feedback loop is needed only for initialize reaction and to heat reactants from time to time, to the target temperature. The lack of positive feedback loop drive, fade out reaction to stop in one hour. For example black out is not dangerous for ECAT, because reaction without the drive, slowly fade out to stop.
It is only my opinion, but real facts are Dr Rossi’s secret.
Best regards
Jaroslaw Bem
Dear Methusela:
I prefer to fly down: the application og this tech in air and space is very far from now.
Warm Regards,
A,R,
DearSteven N. Karels:
In the contracts we still guarantee 6.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Prof. Azimuth:
This is confidential.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
About QST.
This “theory” is a list of claims without any relation with formulas.
Finaly “equation” (the number 36) is only a simple identity that shows:
qe = +/- square root of (qe^2)
but it has been written:
“From this equation one can conclude that the electric charge is always a function of the properties
of the space. In this paper, two new properties of the space are introduced by applying a principle of s ymmetry.”
Concluding remarks aren’t supported by written formulas, they are only statements.
JP
@Ing. Rossi
For safety reasons we always need the drive.
How can you drive hotcat? Putting electric power to the internal resistors?
Hot regards
Prof. Azimuth
Dear Andrea Rossi,
For analysis purposes, should we use a COP of 6 or 11?
Another application for the hot-cat, on similar lines to snow removal:
Airplane wing or engine ice protection systems.
An Application for the Thermal eCat – Snow Removal
In locations where snowfall events happen a significant portion of the winter season, some have elected to install thermal heaters in the driveways, on the roofs, gutters and walkways. The present technology is electric heating wires. Typical power dissipation is on the order of 50 W per square foot or about 500 W per square meter.
While this could be equally supported using a residential Hot eCat electricity producing system, the inherent inefficiency of electric production suggests a strictly thermal approach desirable.
Assumptions:
Driveway: 10 meters wide by 30 meters long
Roof: 200 meters square
Sidewalks: 1 meter wide by 30 meters in length
Total Area: 530 square meters
Maximum Power Required: 265,000 Watts
Number of 10kW Thermal eCats needed: 27
While sidewalk, driveway and roof heating might seem extravagant, people do install such systems to prevent ice dam damage to roofs, negate snow removal issues such as chemicals to melt the snow, and to avoid falls and resulting injuries because of the slippery surfaces. Some form of a pump, valves and plumbing system would be employed.
Perhaps a Thermal eCat could be used to heat the home and excess heat diverted to due this function. Or the snow dissipation could be done when the home heating needs were met.
It might also be possible on a residential electricity production unit to use excess heat to perform this function.
Dear Prof. Azimuth:
For safety reasons we always need the drive.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Ing. Rossi
If the hotcat was in SSM for 1 hour at temperature of 1030-1070°C what’s the reason to stop SSM?
Hot regards
Prod. Azimuth
Dear Steven N. Karels:
It is too soon to confirm, we are contunuing our tests and measurements. I am very satisfied, but much work remains to be made. We are working very, very, very hard on the Hot Cat, and the Tesla Dream is close ( I hope).
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Estimating the Duty Cycle of Input Power to Maintain the Hot eCat in SSM
Problem Statement: Given what we know and after initial start-up activities are over with, can we estimate the percentage of time the Hot eCat was applying power to the “fuel” section?
Known Data:
SSM maximum duration: 1 hour
COP during entire run: 11.7
COP while heaters were on: 2.41
Output power duration: 328 hrs
Let
T1 = sum of all SSM operating time (note: no input power to heat fuel)
T2 = otherwise = 328 hrs – T1
Equations
11.7 = Total Energy Output / (T1 * 0 + T2 * Total Energy Input)
11.7 = ( 328 * 15 kW ) / ( T2 * 15 kW / 2.41 )
Or
T2 = 328 / (11.7 / 2.41) = ( 2.41 * 328 ) / 11.7 = ~67 hours
T1 = ~261 hours
Therefore:
So for a 1 Hour SSM period or less, the heating time must be T2/T1 (26%) of 1 hour or less. Or, otherwise stated: The Hot eCat spends about 1/4 of its time in the input power heating the “fuel” and the remainder of the time in SSM.
Andrea Rossi: Can you confirm this?
Dear Steven N. Karels:
About 1 hour,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Thermal Capacity vs Thermal Output in SSM
The Hot eCat has reportedly operated in a self-sustaining mode (SSM) for “hours” with a surface temperature range between 1030C to 1070C. SSM is defined as no electrical power going to heat the Hot eCat.
Some may claim that the thermal output during SSM was only due to the heat capacity of the material of which the Hot eCat is made from. In other words, heat stored in the Hot eCat that is released during SSM as the Hot eCat cooled off? This analysis addresses that idea.
Assumptions: “hours” means 2 hours (or greater)
Assume Hot eCat is mostly made of steel (specific heat = 0.466 Joules per (gram * K)
mass = 4,350 grams
1 J = 2.7778 * 10**-7 kWh
Temperature drop during SSM is limited to 40C (1,070C – 1,030C)
Hot eCat mass is 4,350 grams
Heat Lost (Radiative and Convective): ~15 kW * 2 hours = 30 kWh (using The Thermal Wizard model for a horizontal cylinder in natural convection).
Heat Released Due to Cooling: 4,350 grams * 40K * 0.466 J / (g * K) = 81,084 J * (2.7778 * 10**-7 kWh/J) = 0.023 kWh
Ratio of Heat Lost to Heat Released Due to Cooling = 1,304
For a Hot eCat to stay within 40C for a two hour period requires more than a thousand times the thermal energy lost by a 20C temperature change. Therefore, loss of stored energy is not a valid explanation for the Hot eCat performance while in SSM.
Andrea Rossi – What is the longest time that a Hot eCat has remained in SSM?
Dear carol Witkowsky:
Yes.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Now with all these wonderful news about the Hot-Cat nothing could make us happier than some fresh pictures of your invention at work. Do we have to wait until Christmas to have this wish fulfiflled?
Best regards, Caroly
Dear Jeff Smathers:
Thank you for your suggestions.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Marco:
You are wrong: 3 268/ 278.4 = 11.73
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Correct me if I’m wrong, if we have a production of 3268 kWh thermal how you can divide by 278 KWh electricity, the ‘total thermal energy is reduced by 2/3 and therefore are KWh 3268/3/278,4 = 3.91 COP
Kind Regards
M.F
Mr. Andrea Rossi,
I again thank you for your time to respond and consider the many requests and help in our understanding of your work to the limitations of which you are presently bound.
Sir, before you proceed in delivering your systems into the world, may I suggest strongly that you and and your most trusted and respected people sit down and construct a solid and well defined corporate ‘Constitution of Ethics’ for your business model. Sir, your energy platform(s) can change the world and along with it, business, governments, financial foundations, private entities and economies.
I encourage you to sincerely also work to ensure that the good intentions of your heart and work, are not later corrupted by others who may legally force you or others to change the providence of which you have been bestowed.
I understand you are very busy, however I encourage you to lay a foundation for your businesses as you have already done for yourself and your relationship with our Creator.
Sincerely, Jeff Smathers
Dear Steven N. Karels:
a. yes
b. yes
c. yes
d. 1030/1070 °C
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Rèmi Andre:
We all are working on this.
Thank you,
Warm regards,
A.R.
Dear Mr Rossi
As you need some encouragement I would like to write to you that if you succeed you’ll be more than rich : you will be one of the most loved person on this planet.
Warm regards
Rémi
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Some clarification please on your comments.
a. I therefore understand the total amount of time the Hot eCat spent in self-sustaining mode (SSM) was 218 hours?
b. The 218 hours consisted of a number of separate SSM periods, ranging in duration from minutes to hours?
c. During those SSM periods, no electricity was used to heat the Hot eCat, the electricity only supplied power to the control system?
d. During the SSM period, the surface temperature stayed within some range. Can you specifiy the temperature range while in SSM?
1- 218 hours of ssm is true
2- the duration is regulated by the control system, are not regular, dependon many factors: can be 1 hour, 2 hours, or minutes
3- no, the Hot cat works differently
Thank ou very much for the wish, I need it.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To all my fellow geeks and fact checkers, I offer the following:
1 gram converted to energy:
E = mc**2; E = 1 (gram) * 9 * 10**+20 ergs (cgs units)
10**+7 ergs = 1 Joule
1 Joule = 2.77778 * 10**-10 MWh
So 1 gram = 25,000 MWh
Assume an eCat producing 10 kW continuously for 180 days (6 months)
Energy = 10 kW * 4,320 hours = 43.2 MWh
Amount of eCat mass loss over 6 months is around 0.001 grams.
My guess is hydrogen gas losses due to diffusion will be greater.
Andrea Rossi is correct again.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
In the test results, 218 hours of self sustained mode was identified. Frank on E-Cat News Live Feed stated today that “The Hot Cat, developed by Andrea Rossi, just completed a rigorous test in which it has run for 218 consecutive hours in self sustained mode.”
1) Is it true? 218 consecutive hours in ssm?
2) If not true, how long are the ssm event durations?
3) Does the Hot-Cat still require one hour power, one hour ssm segments?
God bless you Andrea, your work and spirit reflect love for all.
Sincerely,
Tom Conover
The strange thing about light/quanta of light/fotons is that the relative motion of the sender in respect to the receiver is not added to the velocity of light, as proven by Michelson-Morley and all other experiments done to prove that Einsteins’ theory of Special Relativity was right, and this is in contrast with all other mechanical phenomena tested en expierenced in our world. If I throw a ball or a bullet towards the reader, then that ball or bullet comes in with a higher speed when I also run towards the reader, so my (relative) speed is added to the speed of the ball or the bullet, but this is NOT so in the case of ‘bullets of light’ (= fotons = quanta of light), because they always come in at the same velocity, not dependend of the relative motion of the sender towards the receiver (proven by Michelson-Morley and many other experiments), so, if we treat fotons/quanta of light just as a form of very very very light matter, why doesn’t it behave as ordinary matter? Why is my speed not added to the speed of light if I move towards you? Does light/fotons/quanta of light belong to another higher dimension/realm, very close and with a lot of interactions with our ordinary world/matter, but because of this exceptional quality not really following the rules of the ordinary world/matter? And oh yes, in many ways, light/fotons/quanta of light behave like small and very very light bullets, because they move slower in water than in air and slower in air than in vacuüm, and these small and very light bullets (fotons) also are bend by heavy objects (like big stars and black holes), and there even is a doppler effect (frequency shift) like their is with sound in the air (think of the frequency shift of the sound when a train is passing), so from this point of view, light (fotons/quanta of light) seem and appear to behave normal, but there’s one exception: it doesn’t get the relative motion (of the sender in respect to the receiver), and this in contrast with all other things that move in this, our world. My question towards the scientific community is why? Why is the relative motion of the sender towards the receiver, and in the case of light, only transferred as a frequency-shift of the light (doppler effect; red-shift; blue-shift), and not as a change of the speed, like in the case of normal material objects/bullets, that always come in with the relative speed (of sender towards receiver) added to their own velocity?
But I agree, ‘bullets of light’ (= fotons = quanta of light) can move through space (and the vacuüm) without the existence of an aether or a carrier, we just can treat them as very very light material objects or bullets, moving through the vacuüm of space that is really empty, but why then, is the relative motion (of sender towards receiver) not added in their case, like is the case with all other material objects/bullets? Why these ‘bullets of light’ (= fotons = quanta of light) have this exception and behave different?
New emails exchanging between J. Arrington and W. Guglinski ( 16 Oct 2012 ):
=======================================
Date: Mon, 15 Oct 2012 10:00:11 -0700
From: johna_6@yahoo.com
Subject: Re: plagiarism in the journal Nature
To: wladimirguglinski@hotmail.com
Dear Wladimir,
1) As stated before, our experiment has no direct connection to the size of the nucleus and cannot possibly measure the size of the nucleus. Someone else made up the 7fm number and claimed that it had something to do with our data, but it doesn’t. If you want to discuss the experiment and what it means, you should at least take the time to get a minimal understanding of what we’ve done. I have to assume from your discussion so far that you’ve never even bothered to look at the results from either of our experiments.
2) For what it’s worth, I disagree with your interpretation of the Michelson–Morley experiment. When people talk about doing experiments to test models, the words they use mean something, and if you don’t bother to figure out what they mean, you’ll come to all sorts of incorrect conclusions. When they ask “does aether exist”, they actually mean something specific; a medium in which light propagates. When they conclude that aether doesn’t exist, they are already addressing both of the questions you bring up. Your claim that it doesn’t really show that aether doesn’t exist simply shows that you didn’t bother to understand what people were talking about before reaching your conclusions. You can’t just randomly call other things “aether” and then use that to prove that they were wrong in saying aether didn’t exist. Admittedly, people are sometimes sloppy about such details when discussing things informally. But if you’re going to claim that the entire scientific community is doing all sorts of things wrong, you should at least take the time to understand what people are saying before you condemn it. It’s clear that you have not done so with our experiments, and that you have no real interest in doing so. Similarly, based on your discussion of Freer’s work, it appears that you haven’t bothered trying to understand what they’ve done (or even what they’re trying to say) either. As such, I suspect that I won’t both responding to any future emails.
John
=========================================
Reply by Guglinski:
=========================================
From: wladimirguglinski@hotmail.com
To: johna_6@yahoo.com
Subject: the 7fm neutron halo in beryllium nucleus
Date: Tue, 16 Oct 2012 21:20:35 -0300
Dear John
1) I wrongly supposed that the research developed in Argonne National Laboratory should have a connection with the neutron halo detected by the University in Mainz at the GSI Helmoholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, which is 7fm far away of the nucleus core:
By studying neutron halos, scientists hope to gain further understanding of the forces within the atomic nucleus that bind atoms together, taking into account the fact that the degree of displacement of halo neutrons from the atomic nuclear core is incompatible with the concepts of classical nuclear physics.
Atomic Nucleus with Halo: For the First Time, Scientists Measure the Size of a One-Neutron Halo with Lasers
https://idw-online.de/pages/de/news301916
Please excuse me for my wrong supposal
2) Concerning your words:
—————————————–
“You can’t just randomly call other things “aether” and then use that to prove that they were wrong in saying aether didn’t exist. Admittedly, people are sometimes sloppy about such details when discussing things informally. But if you’re going to claim that the entire scientific community is doing all sorts of things wrong, you should at least take the time to understand what people are saying before you condemn it.”
——————————————-
I must tell you that the opinion about the aether’s existence is not of mine. That opinion was defended by the own Einstein, after 1916.
So, if you dont like when someone just randomly calls other things “aether”, then you have to protest against Einstein, and not against me:
Einstein obtained two different ethers, one for the special relativity, and the other for the general relativity. Let us see the two different ethers, proposed by Einstein in the period 1918-1955, according to Kostro:
· The ether for the special relativity: “The related ether is rigid, flat and infinite. Its metric is pseudo-Euclidean”.
· The ether for the general relativity: “This ether is no longer rigid and flat. Its metric is pseudo-Riemannian”.
1. Kostro L. , 1988, Einstein’s New Conception of the Ether, Proc. Conference “Physical Foundations of Relativity Theory”, Imperial College, London , M.C. Daffy, British Soc. for the Philosophy of Science.
regards
WLAD
=========================================
Dear Herb Gills:
1 g of mass is equivalent to 23 000 MWh. In 6 months we got about 18 MWh, which, in terms of mass, are equivalent to 0.00078 g
You can imagine that to weight this mass difference is impossible, considering the many factors that can influence the weight.
No, we have not been able to measure any mass difference, of course!
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea Rossi:
You mentioned in the past that you have run test reactors for long periods (6 mos. or more). There is also still some confusion (in my mind) about the source of the excess energy. If the reaction is nuclear then a small amount of the fuel mass is converted into the excess energy. If a reactor were run for a long enough period of time, it should be possible to measure the mass loss by direct weighing (of a closed system). Have you tried this? If so, can you share with us the results?
Dear Italo R.:
The report will be published by the indipendent third party which is making the tests. The publication timing does not depend from me, but I do not think it will be much far from now.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Pekka Janhunen:
Thank you, but in any case the report is an internal provisional report; internal reports have no scientific value, for obvious reasons, they are the comunication of us to our listeners of what we are doing. The report of the indipendent third party in course will be the sole scientifically acceptable.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Note, on ecat.com there is a copy of the test report, but it’s missing the last two corrections (SSM time should be 218 hours and note about 30% reduction should be added, http://ecat.com/news/leonardo-corp-releases-new-ecat-test-data).
regards, pekka
Dear Dr. Rossi,
is there any news about the publication of the report of the independent third party?
Kind Regards,
Italo R.
Dear Ken Lebrun:
I cannot give information regarding the operation of the reactor, nor of the materials we use.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
AR sir,
This is my first time on your site. I’ve been following your progress on E-catworld.com. I’ll send you more on this idea when i find your email. The idea is related to the theory that the heat in the reactor is due to radiation absorption in the Hot-cat insulation. If this is indeed the effect causing heat, have you tried xenon? Placing xenon in the chamber surrounding the reaction would allow you to convert this radiation in some part to EMF and collect it as electricity perhaps enough to sustain the reaction. Using Xe 133 ionization in the chamber could allow you to surround the reaction chamber with an inductance coil and reroute that energy back to the resistance heaters sustaining the reaction. purging the gas would stop the reaction.
vr,
Ken