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by
Magnus Holm
Institute of Theoretical Physics
Chalmers University of Technology and Göteborg University – Göteborg 1999
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Abstract
In recent years there has been a dramatic progress in the understanding of the non-perturbative structure of various physical theories.
In particular string theory has been vastly developed during these years, where a lot of duality conjectures between the different string theories have arisen.
The introductory text of this thesis is an attempt to describe this development in short and to make a brief overview of the subject.
Special focus is put on solitonic solutions in various field theories, which is the corner stone for these duality conjectures.
The introduction of supersymmetry is also essential for the understanding of duality by its natural way of handling BPS-states through the algebra.
In string theory, which is not only a supersymmetric theory but also includes gravity, these studies are put together through the discovery of various p-brane solutions to the background field equations.
The geometrical structure of these solutions is studied in some of the papers in this thesis.
In a generalization to the treatment of p-branes as solutions which break the local vacuum symmetry, the theory of almost product structures (APS-theory) has arisen as the natural candidate to the study of the intricate geometry of these solutions.
The last two papers deal with this ansatz where it is also seen that APS-theory is the most natural way of treating all kinds of splitting of manifolds including fibrations, Yang-Mills theoryand Kaluza-Klein theory.
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Curiosone:
When an accelerator generates antimatter it is not because antimatter is someway contained in the matter ( they would annichilate). What happens is that the collisions between elementary particles generate new particles: the waves representing the original particles make new vibrations in the antimatter field and we detect them as antiparticles. In quantum field theory, elementary particles are just tiny vibrating waves in a particular field: they arise out of the field and interact in fields.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Andrea Rossi,
one question of physics: when an accelerator like CERN finds antimatter is because antimatter is inside the matter and crushing it the antimatter is made free?
W.G.
Frank Acland:
Yes, I knew about it, and I am proud of it and wish good luck to this enterprise. They use the technology basics that I patented in 1978 ( patent expired) and I am very happy to see that my work has left a legacy.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
This might be of interest to you — I posted on E-Cat World about the waste-to-biofuel plant that is opening in Edmonton, Canada. http://www.e-catworld.com/2014/06/25/edmonton-to-launch-waste-to-biofuel-plant-based-on-old-rossi-technology/
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
1- Our commercial division will release all the information useful for the purpose in the forms deemed opportune
2- The invited media will be able to do it
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Obviously when the 1MW plant is revealed to the public there will be much interest many questions about it in terms of efficiency, performance, construction, etc.
1. Is your intention to release the maximum amount of information possible about this plant so that interested parties can make informed decisions about future investment in E-Cat technology?
2. In addition to showing the plant to invited guests, will you be releasing documentation, images, film, etc. to the general public?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Paul:
It is difficult to say, due to prototyping for technological evolution in course.
We will be able to define the specific times of manufacturing along an assembling chain after this R&D phase.
Warm Regards
A.R.
Andrea,
How long did it take to manufacture all the e-cat reactors for new 1MW plant?
Paul
Koen Vandewalle:
Our R&D department is working on more that one issue. I personally in this period am focused on the 1 MW plant. You must put a distinction between us and me.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea,
You write that you’re very busy with the 1MW plant.
How about the jet-engine ? Is that on hold ?
Kind Regards,
Koen
Piero Mongioj:
We will give in due time the description of it. Substantial evolution happened, though.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Frank Acland:
We are recording everything. Thank you for your constant attention,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Thank you for the update regarding the 1 MW plant, and best wishes with this installation. I hope that your team is recording this activity for future publication — the successful completion of this project will be major technological and historical milestone.
Best regards,
Frank Acland
Grazie per la accurata risposta… Solo un’ultima precisazione, se puó… L’impianto in elaborazione è un Hot-cat o un impianto E-cat del tipo già mostrato a Bologna? Grazie di nuovo e… tanta fortuna (serve anche quella, no?). Cari saluti, Piero Mongioj
Dear Andrea,
Now that the tests for the report have been concluded, are the devices(all three)provided by you, to be returned or will you give them to the professors for their further study under NDA? I still hope you can give us a heads up for the report when you receive it.
Thank you for all your past and future responses.
Piero Mongioj:
At the moment I am working focused exclusively on the 1 MW plant we are installing in the factory of the Customer . The work is advancing along our scheduling, some problems emerged, but I cannot give any specific information; in due time, I think within 2014, visits to this plant in operation will be allowed, unless problems will emerge. This time we are not preparing a test or a demo, the 1 MW plant is going to work along a production line in a factory to lower the production costs of the Customers. The target is: ” to increase the profits of the Customer by means of the E-Cat”, indipendently from any other consideration. It is a matter of money, not of science and our Customer is a Corporation, not a scientific institute, so now we are working in a different context that is at the first step toward an industrialization of the product. The expectations of the Customer can be either met or not, which means that the results, under the economical point of view, can respect the guarantees or not: we have to see it in the reality, because, as we well know, ” IN MERCATU VERITAS”.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Anche se la curiosità per il report è tanta, vorrei invece chiederle se gli e-cat direttamente sotto il suo controllo (per ricerca o monitoraggio) si stanno comportando secondo le sue aspettative e con i rendimenti da lei attesi. Un caro saluto, Piergiorgio Mongioj
Are the E-Cats you are making your R&D with in this period behaving along your expectances, while we are waiting the results of the third independent party?
Here hoping the E-cat the get billions out of poverty
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiA2XCf9l2o
Giuliano Bettini and Gentle Readers:
Please disregard any rumor, whisper, noise, voice, whistle, chant, music or whatsoever acoustic waves vibration regarding the date of publishing of the report, because nobody knows anything of it. Until I do not know anything about it, you can be sure nobody knows anything about it. All the acoustic waves vibrations about it are groundless virtualities, whatever the frequency.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea.
I’m beginning to think that all these rumors about the date of publication are balls.
I’m tempted to publish this message (obviously false….):
“I received reliable information, the release date is expected to be the first week of July, on arXiv”. =D
Best regards,
Giuliano Bettini.
Mark:
I have absolutely not idea what the report will say.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea,
Do you anticipate that the report on the Hotcat will be released first then followed the ash isotopic analysis report or both will be combined in one single report?
Alutam:
Thank you
Warm Regards
A.R.
Andrea,
The powdered metal industry process is basically two parts. First one company will make the metal powders that are annealed in large ovens (Gas fired)in controlled atmosphere. Then the powders are sold to other companies that press the metal powder into dies to form parts (gears, bushings, terminal lugs, strut nuts, etc.) and those green parts are sent through a sintering oven (gas fired or electric in controlled atmosphere) to harden and solidify the parts. Many BTU’s are required for both processes. They would be a good target for your technology in my view. Sintering iron parts requires temperatures of >1100 C but sintering copper alloys requires <1000 C.
Best regards.
Frank Acland:
Let us wait for the report. We will see and analyse it . If the Professors will mark negative conclusions, we will see what they are referred to, as well as we will do in case of positive conclusions. In the meantime there is nothing specific I can say.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
alutam:
Interesting: can you explain more specifically ?
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I’m sorry — what I meant to ask was: what would you consider to be a negative result in each case?
In other words, what kind of results from the TPR would you consider to be negative?
Also, in your R&D work?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Andrea,
Have you done any testing of E-Cats for use in the field of powder metallurgy (sintering)?
There is a lot of those businesses where I live and they could use a boost in efficiency.
Best regards.
Bernie Koppenhofer:
I am not involved in commercial issues, being in a position of Chief Scientist with IH.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi: Wouldn’t the roll out of the E-Cat be faster and more effective if IH would have many more partners in all areas of product introduction? Thank you again for your time.
Frank Acland:
Both
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
From your perspective, what would constitute a negative result from:
a) The independent third party testing?
b) Your own R&D and prototyping?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Dear Dave Lafluer,
Better thank the author of the paper, my contribution to the field is equal to zero.
Best regards,
Andreas Moraitis
Dear Eernie 1, Koen Vandewalle, Steven N. Karels
instead of litigate amongst ourselves, it’s important to me that when the moment will arrive, Andrea Rossi announces the release of the report, which has been released and presented to him, which is physically in his hands, which is presently carefully studied and analyzed in detail with his staff and taking notes of the complicated formulas and pictures, that he sent some guys to buy a lot of sandwiches and chips and soda for the difficult task, conscious of the fact that the results of this huge investment can be positive but also could be negative at this stage
I would like to thank Andreas Moritis for his submission to this forum:
“Perhaps the following paper from Kharkov Institute (Ukraine) could be of interest:
http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.3941
unquote
I found to be a eye opener of my ignorance of physics, yet fascinating. The only part I really understand is the statement:
“Numerous experimental data on low energy nuclear reactions assisted by the crystalline environment [1-3] leave little doubts about the reality of LENR, but a comprehensive theory of this phenomenon remains a subject of debates”
Thomas Florek:
He,he,he…nice!
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello Andrea. I heard a rumor that you will strongly favor a jazz band called “The Ones of the Fused Cat”. While that band is hard to find, I did find this lesser imitation from a couple of small-time radio personalities.
https://vimeo.com/98669735
Eernie 1:
1- to sleep well I suggest to all who are not sleeping to read the biased critics against LENR ( all of them)
2- we are not advertising anything, we are making R&D in this phase of our work
3- the ones that critic the report before reading it are just displacing air with their tongues: not an effective way to make hurricanes. Just ignore them.
Nobody is kept in the dark, everybody is waiting patiently for the results of a huge, long, difficult work whose output will be important. The Professors are, obviously, aware of the importance of this work and are keeping all the necessary time to make the best possible work. I am conscious of the fact that the results can be positive but also could be negative.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven N. Karels:
I think what you say is wise.
Warm regards,
A.R.
Bernie Koppenhofer:
We are working very hard for the development of our production, and we are doing this at the maximum of our strength, indipendently from external factors. But remind that I have honestly to say, at this stage, that the results of our present efforts could be positive, as we hope and have made huge investments for, or negative.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi: The Middle East is blowing up again, which means oil prices will explode. This is going to hit the already hard hit world economy, especialy the marginal economies. With this in mind, does IH have plans to accelerate the introduction and distribution of the E-Cat?
Dear Andrea Rossi,
I agree with Koen. Allow the professors to actually release their document in peace without any pre-announcement. I too daily check JoNP to see if the report has been released. What is to be gained by announcing that you have received the “final copy” before publication?
Dear Koen,
1. Those who will not sleep are not sleeping now in anticipation of the report.
2. I cant think of a better advertisement for LENR and the Rossi effect than having both those sites saturated by inquirers.
3. The critics are already firing their best shots without reading the report. They must read the report to try to add to their criticisms.
Personally, I would rather be informed of developments than kept in the dark.
Koen Vandewalle:
You made some point.
Warm regards
A.R.
Eernie1, Andrea,
NOT a good idea !
1: nobody will sleep for 3 days.
2: JoNP and Arxiv (I assume) will go down because of everybody continuously refreshing the pages.
3: All countermeasures will be launched by competition.
Kind Regards,
Koen
Eernie 1:
Ok
Warm regards
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Previously you have stated that the authors of the 3PR would give you a copy of the report three days before submission. Can you inform us that you have received the report when they submit it to you? I know that you cannot comment on the contents but knowing that you have received the report will relieve some of the anxiety for your readers.
As always, best of luck!
Kevin O’ Malley:
The enthusiasm put in evidence in the hard times will be surely one of the elements, but many other issues have to be analysed. Good luck for your ICM solutions anyway.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven N. Karels:
a. yes
b. confidential
c. confidential
d. confidential
e. confidential
f. right: I know only what I tested, and so far we tested a shelf time up to 6 months.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
You stated the eCat has a shelf life of 6 months (or that 6 monts would be prudent).
6 months seems very short to me. Is this because:
a. You are being conservative?
b. The hydrogen charge has a limited lifetime (either gas or metal hydride)?
c. The Nickel surface preparation has a limited time?
d. The Catalyst has a limited lifetime?
e. The electronics and/or control mechanism have limited lifetimes?
f. This has not been tested so you really don’t know the shelf life?