Analysis of the performances of sealed timing resistive plate chambers

.
by
Khokon Hossen
Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
E-mail: khokon.pme@gmail.com
.
Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), that were introduced by R. Santonico and R. Cardarelli in 1981, are gas ionization chambers made with resistive electrodes separated by precision spacers.
Typical gas gap range from a few hundred micrometers to several millimeters wide.
Timing Resistive Plate Chambers (tRPCs) were introduced in 2000 by P.Fonte, A.Smirnitsky and M.C.S Williams and has, since then, reached Time Resolutions better than 50 ps (Οƒ) with efficiencies above 99% for Minimum Ionizing Particle (MIP).
In this research work, we describe the main features of gas detectors and the different types of RPCs and their properties.
We describe a cheap and easy to built sealed tRPCs and we explain how we have built it.
We describe the main results we have got operating the sealed tRPCs built in the laboratory.

856 comments to Analysis of the performances of sealed timing resistive plate chambers

  • James Rovnak

    just spent some time at MFMP tonight where they were puzzling over seeming changes in calibration curves for TC control seeing hysteresis in calibration ramps with live fuel element. My take is slow response (ssm) LENR was active.

    My comment to Sanjeev, but I think he left before I could get it to him?

    “you have a good ramp up but a bad one down & since (ssm) LENR is building on way up PID can do a good job of holding temperature and you can see nuclear power helping it in the power calculation presented. On way down I think fuzzy controller has to wait a while for nuclear to start dying down ie hysteresis effect you have puzzled over.”

    Lets see what tomorrow brings, i think Alan may be making a long run now at high temperature. She is still there, I don’t think solidifying metals & remelting has hurt process that much & it looks like (ssm) LENR is very local off center in their fuel element because of asymmetric glow prevalent in Alan’s Utube video. I think TC may be reading a little low & actual COP are higher than previous TC might indicate, but those are details they are working out. The still aren’t convinced the Lady is with them but I am! She will convince them I am sure!
    Best Regards
    Jim
    PS I think Sanjeev suspects a hidden live power source in his examination of resulting thermal hysteresis. I wonder how Fermi & those guys felt in their first nuclear control jobs, No? I know you have had the fun.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Valery Tarasov:
    Thank you very much for your wishes and for your kind attention to the work of our Team.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Dear Andrea Rossi,
    Happy Birthday!
    Thank you for your remarkable work!!!

  • Andrea Rossi

    Fyodor:
    We are working with our R&D on the electric power production. We will communicate the related data when we will have final results and solutions to propose to our Customers.
    Thank you for the link to btola, we’ll ask for information.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Fyodor

    Mr. Rossi

    A belated happy birthday to you.

    1. I agree with you about using regular steam engines for electricity. There is probably a reason that almost everybody involved in electricity generation, with hundreds of billions of dollars spent, uses steam engines or Brayton cycle gas turbines (or both serially). There probably are not any easy solutions around the corner.

    2. Is there anything you can tell us about the challenges or difficulties involved in generating electricity? Are the temperatures not consistent ? Are the Hot-Cats not stable at high enough temperatures?

    3. I wanted to call your attention to this company, which makes custom external combustion engine gas turbines, which can be used with any heat source. http://www.btola.com/ifgt-technology.ht

    Thank you for taking the time to answer my questions.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Mark Saker:
    Thank you !!!
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Bernie Koppenhofer:
    Thank you.
    The share respects the parity: its advantages are symmetric.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Bernie Koppenhofer

    Dr Rossi: Happy Birthday. Congratulations on your very successful 65 years. Thanks again for this site and sharing with us.

  • Mark Saker

    Dear Andrea,

    I also just wanted to wish you a Happy Birthday. I’m sure this is the fourth or fifth year I have done so. I hope this is the last year I have to do so (joke). If I have to do it again, at the very least I expect a Happy birthday back on October 27th πŸ™‚

    In all seriousness, I hope this (or early next year) is the year you see the fruits of your labour and we get to see the spectacle of the world waking up suddenly to something we have been aware of for half a decade and in some cases longer.

    Happy Birthday Andrea

    Mark Saker

  • Andrea Rossi

    To the Readers:
    Just an important information: in these days the Large Hadron Collider of the CERN in Geneva has reached an energy of 13 TeV ( 13 billions of eV !).
    At these energies we can expect to have information about the Dark Matter, which is supposed to correspond to the 25% of the Universe.
    Very interesting.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Frank Zamburro:
    In a spammed comment received by email you asked me if I am interested to new systems to produce electric energy alternative to the Carnot.
    The answer is: of course I am !
    The problem is that of all the alternatives really offered today by the market, Carnot has no real rivals
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Frank Acland:
    Fantastic idea, but should I give course to it, it could be the Customer to put in serious doubt my mental health.
    Thank you!
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Hank Mills:
    Thank you for your kind wishes!
    Thank you also for your considerations related to the good work of the Chinese scientist Sonsheng Jiang.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    James Rovnak:
    Thank you for keeping us updated with the progress of the work of MFMP. Very interesting.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Hank Mills:
    Thank you for your information and insight. I cannot comment.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Marco:
    1- I never said that
    2- confidential
    3- confidential
    4- missing
    5- confidential
    6- bigger
    7- same
    8- same
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Marco

    Dear Andrea,

    you stated that the 250KW reactor is a single module. I have few questions if you can answer:

    1) I vaguely remember you already said that, so excuse me, but it is an HOT or standard cat? Do you plan to develop the other version too this big?
    2) The total charge weight is 25 times or so of the 10KW module?
    3) The charge composition is the same? I know you can’t disclose the charge composition: I only want to know if the component type are the same and/or the proportions are the same. This can be also useful to replicators if they want to try bigger reactors.
    5) The composition mouse/cat/tiger is the same or it is a single/double/other component module?
    6) The COP is bigger/lower of that of 10KW module?
    7) The stability is bigger/lower of that of 10KW module?
    8) The peak/mean temperature is bigger/lower of that of 10KW module?

    Regards,
    Marco.

  • Hank Mills

    Dear Andrea,

    For example, I wonder what would happen if you placed Ni-LiAlH4 fuel in a stainless steel donut, wrapped a resistor around it, sealed the hole, and applied AC with whatever waveforms are most stimulating. Since the leakage flux would be almost 100% eliminated (in any solenoid half of the total flux is outside of the coil and if the solenoid is long with many windings, the same amount of leakage flux escapes but it is simply closer to the outside of the coil) the amount of flux inside of the coil would double.

    These steel donuts are almost an ideal shape for a toroid because they have no sharp rectangular edges. They would have a lower melting temp than alumina (1450C or so) but they might last long enough for some basic testting. To stop the resistor wires from shorting you could apply a layer of alumina to the donut. I also dont know how much pressure these donuts could hold.

    http://www.pro-werks.com/partlist/980/

    I can’t help but wonder if using a toroidal core rather than a solenoid could allow more simulation per watt.

  • James Rovnak

    Andrea I did a little more homework tonight at MFMP going over results & puzzling reheat calibration of fuel element results by Alan.
    I had the following brief conversation with Camilo Urbina who was still there also.

    “Actually I just blew up & compared the test & reheat test data curves just done by Alan & have convinced myself the reheat test was done too fast & never got involved with (ssm) LENR. I’m not sure the fire can be restarted with the melted state of the first test fuel now, but it is worth a repeat slowly going to 850 C like the original & I am certain if the fire will restart at around 600 C we well again be visited by (ssm) LENR. Note the larger amount of power require in reheat to get to 650 C indicative of no help from LENR as in the slower first test & how slow LENR was building up as 800 C was reached & would have built up further had we persisted in holding there. No, its still was there & just might come back on a replica of the first tests temperature ramp or similar. The reheat was done too fast to excite (ssm) LENR of that I am certain now! What is your opinion Camilo? Thanks for the suggestion but I am too tired tonight & will have to go there tomorrow after a little rest!” 1:09 AM

    Will look into this further & get back to you Andrea tomorrow hopefully. Know MFMP will settle this but I can’t hold myself back from reasoning it myself – been a problem my whole life seems I just have to prove things to myself sure you know about that. You know I’ve gone around the moon 11 more times than you have & I’m note sure how many more trips I can make. Thanks for the Laguno fuel analysis, that was a wise move on your part & I admire the hint much & I just might make it to commercialization of clean fusion power!

    Cheers Jim

  • Hank Mills

    Dear Andrea,

    Happy Birthday! I hope manage to get out of the plant long enough to have dinner with some of your friends and co-workers!

    All I have to offer you today as a present is an idea. Although it may not work and be totally worthless, if there is a tiny chance it could be useful I hope you will test it out.

    I’m convinced by Songsheng Jiang’s data that one a certain fuel temperature has been obtained, the magnetic field of the resistor becomes a more significant stimulating agent than heat alone. In his data, when the voltage is increased the reactor shoots up in temperature far more quickly than the resistors. In addition, the reactor increases in temperature in far less time than it would take the heat from the resistors to migrate through the thermal barriers – such as the stainless steel walls.

    To increase the intensity of the magnetic field staying within the reactor body of an E-Cat, I would like to suggest using a torriodal shaped reactor and resistor winding to eliminate “leakage flux” and totally concentrate the B field into the core (instead of wasting a portion of it in the air). The result, I think, would be the ability to provide greater magnetic stimulation at the same total power input.

    I think in such a configuration the electromagnetic “kick” to boost the reaction rate would be greater for less “buck” in electricity.

    Of course the temperature in the center hole could increase dramatically due to radiative black body radiation bouncing around, but maybe a heat exchanger could be placed there in a large enough device.

    What do you think?

    (PS: Toroids have some very interesting properties.)

  • Frank Acland

    Dear Andrea,

    I just watched the Tom and Doug video and it gave me an idea. Maybe a set of drums inside the shipping container would help your mental health. You could put on your stethoscope and play along to the sound of the E-Cat plant. Happy birthday!

    Frank

  • Andrea Rossi

    Paul:
    Thank you!
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    James Rovnak:
    You continue to feed us with very interesting information.
    Please go on.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • James Rovnak

    Andrea nice plot by MFMP Sanjeev on startup & shutdown temperature & power input profiles showing process Hystorisis!

    https://www.facebook.com/MartinFleischmannMemorialProject?pnref=story

    Can see where metals vaporize & condense & LENRs presence on operation & into cool down. Very thought provoking. Wish you could comment. I myself must think about this for a while in relation to (ssm) LENR reactions taking place.

    Wanted to embed curve for you here but not sure I know how to do that. Trying below anyways!

    https://www.facebook.com/MartinFleischmannMemorialProject/photos/a.587293604634676.1073741827.466698113360893/982548528442513/?type=1

    Jim

    Have a nice evening! Enjoying my learning process with what MFMP is teaching me.

  • Paul

    Andrea,

    All of the matter/energy we are comprised of has existed since the beginning of time and will exist to the end of time. In the period you have designated O-V-E we have been given the gift of self awareness of our existence. If we designate this state as “L” for “life”, than our existence can be considered a gift of L:O-V-E . πŸ˜‰

    Paul

  • Andrea Rossi

    Robert Curto:
    Thank you for your kind words.
    Warm Regards
    A.R.

  • Robert Curto

    Dr. Rossi, a great post and reply.
    KD June 2 at 10:56A
    And it could be true !
    I hope it is a multiple birth.
    So that you can hit the ground running.
    What a great day for man/women/child/kind.

    What a silly World we live in.
    Today we cannot say mankind.
    Even tho for thousands of years everyone knew we were speaking about every human being, regardless of gender or age.
    Robert Curto
    Ft. Lauderdale, Florida

  • Andrea Rossi

    Thomas Florek:
    Assume the lifespan is a line, with an origin O and an end E. So the line of the lifespan is OE.
    We own that line, the whole of it.
    Along this line let us put in the point V the part of the lifespan we already spent.
    As a consequence, we will have
    OV = part of the lifespan already spent
    VE = part of the lifespan not yet spent
    We own OV + VE, so wherever is put the point V we always owe the total value of OE. This means is not foundamental where is V, foundamental is the content of the entire OE .
    I am sure now Frank Akland will seriously be worried of my mental safety.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.
    P.S.
    Thank you again for you deliciously funny video

  • Andrea Rossi

    James Rovnak:
    Lately the Earth moved faster ( I could feel it) blown forward from the perspiration of your enthusiasm.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • James Rovnak

    Yes Happy Birthday Andrea, & many more trips around our sun!

  • > have been born on the 2nd of June, but erroneously I have been registered by the clerk of Milan on the 3rd of
    > June, even if I have been born at 9 a.m

    Oh my gosh! Calibration Error! Actually one day older than reported, we’ll need to adjust everything accordingly. πŸ™‚

  • Andrea Rossi

    KD
    He he he
    Warm Regards
    A.R.

  • KD

    Happy Birth Day Mr.Rossi

    By calling the 1MW E-CAT as “SHE” and lessening with the stethoscope to “HER” belly, might make impression that you expect, that “SHE” is pregnant with, the home version of the E-Cat babies.:)

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dr Joseph Fine:
    Honestly, her name is just “The” E-Cat, tout court. Instinctively, that’s how I call her.
    Thank you very much for your very kind greetings for my 65th ride arount the sun, just completed, riding the Earth. It has been a voyage a little bit troubled now and again, but it was worth anyway, so I thank God and hope to make enough rides more to see the diffusion of the E-Cats in the world.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dr Joseph Fine: Thank you, again!
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Joseph Fine

    Andrea Rossi,

    So, as luck would have it, Happy Birthday to you today! πŸ˜€

    Joseph Fine

  • Joseph Fine

    Dear Andrea Rossi,

    Have you given a nickname to the 1 MW plant under test or to the Hot-Cat prototype?

    Previously you referred to the plant as a ‘she’, so perhaps you gave it a female name. Or, you may have given it an animal name (Jaguar, Lion, Tiger etc.) Only giving the 1 MW plant a serial number seems to be too mechanical. It should have a name.

    I suggest the name be one of its main characteristics: Abbondanza or ‘Abundance’.

    Sometimes I forget the date and send belated greetings, so I want to send an early greeting to you now for a very Happy Birthday tomorrow.

    Un augurio di buon compleanno:

    Abundant regards,

    Joseph Fine

  • Andrea Rossi

    Thomas Florek:
    Thank you, very funny !!!
    By the way, here is an anecdote: you are not early 1 day, because I have been born on the 2nd of June, but erroneously I have been registered by the clerk of Milan on the 3rd of June, even if I have been born at 9 a.m….This has been a premonition of the troubles I was going to have with the rules, for all my life! It was just minutes after I was born and already I got problems! (he,he,he…)
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Hello Andrea. After last week’s publication of the photo from inside the 1MW E-Cat plant, I guess it’s ok to publish this interview done from inside the plant. πŸ™‚
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mK7rrmgbugo

    Oh, and although I know it is one day early, we all wish you a very Happy Birthday!!!

    -Thomas Florek

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dan C.:
    1- as soon as I receive the crystal ball I swear I’ll answer
    2- should the c.b. be delivered before the end of the test, the answer could be ambiguous, like the ones of the Sybil ( Sibilla). Should be delivered after, would be useless.
    3- should it have 8 balls, could be a pinball
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Dan C.

    Dear Andrea

    Should Amazon deliver your crystal ball, I have 2 additional questions.
    1. Is there a 250Kw Hot-cat in the future.
    More Important-
    2. Is the pilot plant test going to be-
    …. POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE?

    HOPEFULLY,
    They don’t send the 8-Ball instead of a Crystal Ball.
    I already no what the 8-Ball answer will be.
    Try again later.

    Wishing You & Your team well.
    Dan C.

  • Andrea Rossi

    James Rovnak:
    Very, very interesting,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • James Rovnak

    Andrea GS3 test post test analysis coming in every minute this evening & looks wonderful to me. Those young engineer/physicist etc have done an excellent job & are pursuing result rap ups & confirming (ssm) LENR presence as we knew they would.

    For some reason I can’t paste result but to take a look at this link and Sanjeev’s expanded “area of interest plot …”

    https://scontent-lga1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xpf1/t31.0-8/11270071_981977661832933_2122504497248092437_o.jpg

    on MFMP site:

    https://www.facebook.com/MartinFleischmannMemorialProject/photos/p.981977661832933/981977661832933/?type=1&theater

    Enjoy & have a nice evening & look at all the comments, No? Won’t be long now hopefully as we all want!

  • Andrea Rossi

    Nils Fryklund:
    I answer to your questions sent to the spam by the robot and that I received by email ( from you, not from the robot):
    1- The 250 kW units are single, not assemblies made by smaller modules
    2- You ask if in future will be possible to make modules of 1 MW each. I placed on Amazon an order for a cristal ball: as soon as I receive it ( usually Amazon delivers in several days) I will answer you ( promptly). Speaking seriously: I cannot know now where the R&D will bring us in future.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Frank Acland:
    Yes, it is.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Frank Acland

    Dear Andrea
    The third party you refer to in connection with your 1 MW Plant — is this the same as the ‘referee’ you have mentioned previously?

    Many thanks,

    Frank Acland

  • Andrea Rossi

    To the Readers:
    Information: please go to http://www.rossilivecat.com to find easily comments put on other posts of this blog today.
    in a nutshell: a Reader asked which is the typical professional background of the third party making the measurements in the 1 MW E-Cat installed in the factory of the Customer of IH: the answer is ” nuclear engineer with experience of nuclear power plants”.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Paul:
    Off the shelf.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Paul

    Andrea,

    Are the heat exchangers in the 1MW plant an “off-the-shelf” or custom component?

    Paul

  • Andrea Rossi

    Fyodor:
    The week end has been spent inside the E-Cat, as always.
    About the heat exchanger: any kind of it can be used, depending on the necessities. We can produce hot air, as well as hot water or steam, it depends on the secondary fluid, not on the E-Cat.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

Leave a Reply

You can use these HTML tags

<a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <s> <strike> <strong>