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by
by
Khokon Hossen
Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
E-mail: khokon.pme@gmail.com
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Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), that were introduced by R. Santonico and R. Cardarelli in 1981, are gas ionization chambers made with resistive electrodes separated by precision spacers.
Typical gas gap range from a few hundred micrometers to several millimeters wide.
Timing Resistive Plate Chambers (tRPCs) were introduced in 2000 by P.Fonte, A.Smirnitsky and M.C.S Williams and has, since then, reached Time Resolutions better than 50 ps (σ) with efficiencies above 99% for Minimum Ionizing Particle (MIP).
In this research work, we describe the main features of gas detectors and the different types of RPCs and their properties.
We describe a cheap and easy to built sealed tRPCs and we explain how we have built it.
We describe the main results we have got operating the sealed tRPCs built in the laboratory.
Dear Andrea,
What kinds of preparations taking place at IH for commercialization of the E-Cat if the 1MW plant is successful?
Kind regards,
Frank Acland
Andrea, interesting article of intense source of heat in graphene, could this ignite the nuclear fire in a home E-Cat or Hot E-Cat as the wire heater does now? Lots of ways to go with this device. And the graphene is getting cheaper & more readily available in today’s market place:
http://www.kurzweilai.net/worlds-thinnest-light-source-made-from-graphene?utm_source=KurzweilAI+Weekly+Newsletter&utm_campaign=a411278d20-UA-946742-1&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_147a5a48c1-a411278d20-282071458
Interesting development, thought you would be interested with your present thermal wire coil heaters igniting & controlling the New Fire at least till (ssm) operation builds up?
One of the MFMP researchers, I think me356, is using Silicon Carbide for internal heater in his fuel element. Also IR camera for control & TC for measurement & Raspberry microcomputer & available boards. Nice design package & will be testing again shortly. I like their innovative designs or fuel elements, data acquisition systems, programming small computer systems & special boards like TRIAC controls, internet instant spread sheets, online discussions during test, & use of others world wide for all facets of the game. Very young & flexible crews at lenrforum, MFMP, etc.
Jim
Andrea,
What are the commercial plans on world scale if the test on course with the 1 ME plant in the factory of the Customer of Industrial Heat will be positive at the end ?
Paul
Dear Andrea,
I have an idea I would like to run by you.
Since you cannot publish any results until after a test is complete, could you begin a one day to a one week long test of a, “Rossi Effect Demonstrator Module.” The purpose of the module would be to have a basic, primitive setup to present to the scientific community upon the completion of the 350 day test of the one megawatt plant. To be clear:
1 – The module would only utilize a rudimentary version of the Ni-LiAlH4 technology. Basically, it would incorporate what information has already been revealed, but not the improvements that have been made since Lugano.
2 – The module would not be made with the know how to build a long lived device. It would be designed as a short lived demonstration unit that could be replicated with commonly available materials and components.
3 – The performance goal of the device would be to show a modest COP during driven mode for a period of 30 minutes and then infinite COP for a period of at least thirty minutes in self sustain mode. These two periods would be cycled again and again for a day to a week.
4 – After completion of the test, the results would be provided with limited additional information. The full paper would be published at the completion of the 350 day test of the one megawatt plant.
I think such a demonstrator would help the cause of proving the existence of the Rossi Effect to the world. It could do so while disclosing no additional IP now, and maybe only a little when the full paper is published.
Testing such a demonstrator module would be a significant morale booster to those who are following your work and those who are attempting to replicate.
Any thoughts?
Bernie Koppenhofer:
We will not push on the market until the test on course with the 1 MW E-Cat working in the factory of IH’s Customer. After that, our problem will not certainly be the competition, but our development: I do not see why we have to help any competitor.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi: With all due respect, at what point will you decide you now have enough of a head start, and will open your new fire to open competition?
James Rovnak:
Thank you for your information and for your citation of the important work of the Pope.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Alexvs:
As I said, I cannot give any data related to the performance of the 1 MW E-Cat in operation in the factory of the Customer of Industrial Heat until the tests will have been completed.
Sorry for this: I sympathise with your request.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Aside from eventuell negative results (as you always say) arising from economic, investement or other extrascientific reasons, could you tell us please the total energy balance figures of the 1 MW plant up to date?
Greetings
Alexvs
Andrea a storm brews over at vortexl on what simulates your Hot E-Cat. All the comments are interesting to read & reason!
http://www.mail-archive.com/search?l=vortex-l@eskimo.com&q=subject:%22Re%5C%3A+%5C%5BVo%5C%5D%3ARe%5C%3A+Cat+stimultion%22&o=newest
Think I must turn in now but I’m motivated to read them all. Fascinating how our minds work, never ceases to amaze me & you too I assume.
Pope Francis’s name sake was my favorite read growing up & also Eleanor Roosevelt’s also – you know ‘make me an instrument of …’ I like and admire this new Pope also, he is a breathe of fresh air in an atmosphere of conservationism, & austerity preachers, no less. I’ve always thought the World belong to the risk takers seeking truth!
Mike Hertford:
It is 07.15 p.m. of Friday June 19th, I am inside the computers container, just returned from the container of the reactors.
No remarks, the work is stable. Now I go to make experiments with the Hot Cat. I’m going toward another night to spend inside the factory of our Customer.
This night I want to read well and carefully the new Encyclic of the Pope, that so far I have only read superficially; important books have 3 dimensions: reading a book the first time I understand the length, the second time the height, the third time the deepness.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Anonymous:
Thank you, but let me add that all the work we did is merit of all the great team I am working with since 2 years now.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
James Rovnak:
Thank you for the interesting link. Say hello to my friend Dr Stoyan Sarg: I read his very interesting books; he is a Bulgarian nuclear physicist who comes from the Russian traditional school, that eventually approached with positive interest the LENR.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea:
Please an update, as much as you can, about the situation of the 1 MW E-Cat in the precise moment in which you will answer to this message.
Thanks if you can answer,
Mike
Andrea thought this might interest you since in concerns the hydrogen atom & the nucleus of atoms fascinates all of use with her slow revaluations of how she works & is constructed & lead to decay chain product & energy release.
Hope you enjoy this at your leisure:
http://www.uni-mainz.de/presse/19466_ENG_HTML.php
Jim
PS Hope I got that reference ok, sometimes the web trips me up, actually quite often now that I think of it.
Have a nice evening, hopes this adds to our knowledge of how thing work inside the nucleus. Actually Stoyan Sarg BSM-SG gives me a pretty good feeling for things at my minimal comprehension level. Like his take on LENR in his other book; also very good pictures. I like pictures because of my poor QM mathematical skills.
James Rovnak:
I cannot participate to this kind of discussions, because I cannot give further information after what we already published, for obvious reasons of intellectual property defense.
Therefore I cannot answer in positive or in negative to any innuendo related to the operation of the E-Cat , her control systems and related issues. The 24Hz Black Cat has really worried me, because I understood how close your group is to copy our IP !!! ( He,he,he…)
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Andrea Rossi:
I have been very glad to read your answer regarding the parallel between global warming and LENR answering to Gerry Keihl. Very smart. I am following your work since your first test in January 2011 and I am stunned from your perseverance, going straight to your target, turning a blind eye to all the enemies you have. You are right: strategically you are the winner. I already understood this, everybody will understand this when your E-Cats will be off the shelf (F9).
Cheers,
Anonymous
Andrea my comment over at Lenr forum to day to several member with much more experience on fuel to ash understanding than I for your blog.
“JDM wrote:
The Lugano report refers to using 3-phase power to excite. Most of us do not have that in our homes, however it is pretty easy to create. Using a variable frequency drive (VFD) one can use a single phase input and actually get a true three phase output. The only caveat is that one must use a VFD that has twice the power rating as the desired 3-phase output. For example if one needs 1.1 kW output, then you need to use a 2.2kW drive when run from single phase. Also, the max voltage out 3-phase will be equal to single phase voltage in. So if you input 230VAC single phase, you would get out 230VAC 3-phase. The output of a VFD is rather “dirty” which may be of some benefit. Some, but not all VFD’s are rated for single phase input.
TRIAC interjects a lot of harmonic content that seems helped Parkhomov’s successful replications & Bob Goodyer’s problems in not stimulating the lady LENR with his VARIAC source based attempt & the appearance of LENR in Alan’s last GS3 intial run when TRIAC was power source. Subsequent calibration problems which Ged, Sanjeev & I saw were related to using the active fuel element. The calibration with the unloaded fuel element clearly showed the problem with the previous attempts at calibration with the fueled one as I believe Ged recognizes. The true COP estimate would be the unfueld calibration subtracted from the original temperature trace. There were no instrument problems like moving coil & I’m sure Alan will come around to that conclusion. Hope there was enough ash to give us positive results of Lady LENRs visit. At least i am convinced. Your discussions shed light on the micro burst formations & nuclear process from fuel to ash which is beyond my analytical capabilities. Simulating reactor decay heat & things like zenon poisoning years ago we used time constants determined by decay product specialist in our dynamic reactor control study simulations work & how they were determined is beyond my understanding but seem to be so important here now ie subthermal ultra low momentum neutrons involved in micro burst & thermal expansion controlling this process to our control advantage & the nuclear decay constants giving us the longer term time effects also (ssm buildup in time etc). Wish we could see inside fuel element somehow with Hydrogen pressure spectum response analyser, IR camera down pressure sensor tube looking at light in micro burst process, etc. Would be Nice to have results of sweeping sine wave power input in power source & IR temp gauge me356 used. Maybe sweep frequency of .1 to 50 hz would give us a good picture of break points in subsequent bode plots of how the process works, just maybe? Lot of details still puzzle me but are becoming clearer in my mind based on my long working career with current nuclear power plant controls years ago. The National Labs played a leading roll in supplying us with basic process response data necessary for our work in control & protection of various reactor designs. Billions spent in that effort & recording & preparing engineering support reports we don’t have the luxury of here. Thanks for your discussions, they sure help me in my thinking & partial understanding of what’s happening in the Hot E-Cat & fascinating replication attempts of MFMP replication experimenters. Thanks again.”
Thanks for presenting this discussion opportunity with you to gain insight at least as much as you are able with current restrictions we all understand you work under.
That the 24hz cat video would relax you in your constant efforts to bring the Hot E-Cat to market & brought laughter to you we trust.
Jim
Karl Niemeyer:
I think that this great Pope has to be listened to carefully when he talks.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Andrea Rossi:
The new Encyclic of the Pope makes unavoidably think to your E-Cat: if there is something that can obey to the demand of the Pope helping to reduce the impact of human activities on the global warming, that is your Effect: isn’t that?
Godspeed,
Karl
James Rovnak:
He he he… nice toy!
I have a suspect, though: is the effect due to the frequency or to the black cat we see at the start of the show?
Warm Regards
A.R.
Andrea, hope Dan C is tuned in?
Look at what can be done with a 24 hz sound wave. Notice the Cat at the start of the video!
Just had to share when the Cat walked in.
https://video-ord1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hvideo-xpa1/v/t42.1790-2/10478613_805336382822718_1575024166_n.mp4?oh=f42e3674e756ba5ed0046a0397f2cc40&oe=55837959
Jim
I know you will see the relevance of this today, immediately!
I didn’t hear a “purr” or “grrr” out of him either yet.
Have a nice evening & keep trucking! Love your platform & sharing thoughts with the world!
Dear Readers:
Please go to
http://www.rossilivecat.com
to find comments just published in other posts of this blog than this.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
James Rovnak:
Thank you for your comment.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea, like Dan C’s comment on the 27 hertz. Would like to see sweeping sine wave power input to MFMP tests at all temperature hold to see if we can tickle the Cat into a courageous Meow ! Just a thought as I read his query & your response. The World must learn more about what excite your Hot E-Cat. I myself can’t wait to read the direction to cooperation of the commercial Hot E-Cat with your newly designed adaptive control system, which I know you are proud of!
Every control engineer like to study the single input single output bode plots of new processes so he can think about what the break points & resonances are telling him about the internals of such systems even though they are not completely understood clearly.
Jim
My conjecture for the day I would like to share with You & Dan C
Have a nice day Andrea & listen to the engineering music about us, No?
Drew G.:
I hope we will have not to change the charge for all the duration of the 350 operative days. This is one of the data we are waiting for.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dan C.:
Obviously it was not me to write that the E-Cat works at any frequency: this is an issue I cannot comment. What is important is that the E-Cat purrs; problem is when she grrrrs.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Isaiah White:
Obviously the environment in the galaxy was pretty different, so a parallel is quite audacious. The information is very interesting, though! Thank you.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea:
Early in the E-cat development, you projected that the charge would need to be replenished every 6 months. In the current tests of the megawatt plant, have you already exceeded this 6 month projection with the original charges still in place?
Drew G
Dave Gadgeteer:
You are right: I translated wrongly into “kinetic energy” the Italian definition “quantità di moto”. “Momentum” is the right translation.
Thank you for the correction, I corrected consequently my comment.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I have read that “Domestic cats purr at a frequency of about 26 Hertz, in a range that promotes tissue regeneration.”
Perhaps E-cats purr at a frequency of about ?? Hertz, in a range that promotes Heat regeneration.
It’s said that Nature provides many answers if we just listen to it. purrr…
Actually, Kinetic Energy is not conserved in particle interactions.
Momentum is conserved, though.
Dr Rossi!
An important discovery has been made by the astronomic observatories Very Large Telescope ( Chile), ESO ( Southern European Observatory), Hubble ( NASA and ESA), Keck and Subaru ( Hawaii): in a region about 800 million years after the Big Bang ( about 13.7 billion years ago) have been observed the first galaxies wherein the first stars have been born; in particular has been observed a very bright one, named CR7, and it has been discovered that the primordial elements by means of which stars have been made are hydrogen and lithium, plus small quantities of helium. It is surprising, because it was believed that the primordial elements should have been, together with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and iron. I am thinking to the fact that the main components of the E-Cat’ s charge are H and Li.
Cheers,
Isaiah
JC Renoir:
Very important. This is the first time in History that the Pope faces so dramatically the problem of the safeguard of the planet Earth against the mankind-induced global warming. Well, I think our E-Cats will be useful to help ! ( F9)
Warm Regards,
A.R.
JC Renoir:
I say all my prayers every morning when the sun rises.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
D. Travchenko:
I am delighted to read that. Dr Parkhomov made a very serious work.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
James Rovnak:
No, what I answered to Paul is not what you have understood. Just read again my answer.
About mastering the E-Cats, I can assure you we have all the necessary know how and all the necessary operators; for obvious reasons connected with the IP we are not going to share information regarding this issue. The control system has been invented and designed by our engineers, and the electronic circuits have been manufactured in our factory.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea I read with much interest & enthusiasm the question Paul put to you yesterday & your insightful reply
”
Would you say the reaction in the e-cat is behaving more like the slow burn of a piece of charcoal, or more intermittent, like popcorn in popcorn popper?Paul ”
You said it is first popcorn & then the burning glowing charcoal.
Then I watched the test of me356 the other day where he had a quick response IR temperature measurement device & a TC for comparison in his graphs. As a former good controls engineer I saw what I would have needed years ago to master the Hot E-Cat for you. I am no longer that competent.
There are three ways a control engineer can get insight into a proces from dynamic test. They are Impulse, step,or pulse width modulated open loop input signal to the primary process, which in me356’s case were obtained with manual control of his TRIAC power supply & impulse & step inputs as he was powering down his fuel element.
One could clearly see on the sort of impulses he implemented the very fast response picked up in the IR device. The TRIAC caused a very big pop in the micro burst process in his fuel element as you could see it in the sharp change initially & them the “Charcoal ember” in the long time respone of either or both the local metal mass or long term isotope decay constant responsible for burning embers.
These response are all a good controls engineer needs to build a good control system. Just as in current fuzzy logic PID controllers one must know where the process is coming from & where it wants to go. For wide range control in a non linear fourth power regulated response the steps must be repeated over several points of the thermal operation region at least several times to accommodate these in the control systems response as a function of load (700 C – 1400 C) & build up of (sssm) content also to where no control input is necessary.
It would be very helpful to that engineer to know what is going on at the mico burst level either by acoustic signal, video signal, EM signal from that fast time constant (popcorn) area for both control & protection of the Hot E-Cat processes.
Raeffaelo, of quad copter fame, would know just how to do that with said dynamic data & his developed adaptive controller as he beautifully manipulates his quad to carry a stick, play catch ball with him or still operate after three of his four propellers are clipped with scissors.
Thank me356 & Raeffaello for giving us both this incite & Paul for his question & you for your reply. I did capture a
screen shot of me356’s test I will try to get to you for your enjoyment.
Jim
Thanks me356, Raffaello, Paul & you for this pleasant engineering trip.
Curiosone:
Elementary Particles are tiny vibrating waves in a particular field; an e.p. in a field resonates with the field of the e.p. it is interacting with; it is possible that a third field resonates bearing a new e.p., obviously respecting the conservation laws we saw in the former related comment.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Curiosone:
The Conservation Laws during an interaction between elementary particles are:
1- the number of quarks is conserved
2- he number of leptons is conserved
3- energy is conserved
4- charge is conserved
5- spin is conserved
6- magnetic moment is conserved
7- momentum is conserved
8- strangeness is conserved
9- isotopic spin is conserved in strong interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea:
Do you know that, thanks to the replication of the Rossi Effect made by Dr Alexander Parkhomov, the mainstream Russian scientific community is talking seriously of LENR, after years of ostracysm ?
Warm Regards,
DT
Dear Andrea:
Do you know that, thanks to the replication of the Rossi Effect made by Dr Alexander Parkhomov, the mainstream Russian scientific community is talking seriously of the LENR, after years of ostracysm?
Warm Regards,
DT
Also I want to ask this: in this period of hard work and strong focus on the 1 MW E-Cat are you still attracted from the trust in God, or technological problems have made you less oriented toward metaphysics?
JCR
Dr Andrea Rossi:
What to you think of the Encyclic of the Pope Francis regarding the safeguard of the planet?
JCR
Also: you would define an elementary particle as a wave or as a material point?
Thank you for your patience,
W.G.
Can you resume all the main conservation laws in Physics?
Thank you,
W.G.
James Rovnak:
Thank you for your responsible comment and for the link.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea:
I understand you want not to be funded by money from the Government because you want to maintain the confidentiality related to the intellectual property, until the E-Cat will be mass produced and, consequently, the IP will be of public domain. I just wanted to inform the government about your achievements and of the importance of the fact that a 1 MW plant is working, so that, thanks to you, the eon of chatters is over and the eon of facts is beginning.
Hope you have a chance to view Raeffaello’s Ted talk – he is a great innovative controls engineer is my take, would like to hear your opinion if you get a minute to appreciate his work?
Raffaello D’Andrea’s TED Talk
http://www.ted.com/talks/raffaello_d_andrea_the_astounding_athletic_power_of_quadcopters?language=en
I realize this is a bit off topic for the blog but good engineering music stimulates our thinking of that I am sure as you most probably are too?
Jim
James Rovnak:
Thank you for your insight.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
James:
I never comment the work of our competitors, therefore I can answer only based upon my personal experience on these two specific kinds.
I worked very intensely on both of them in past, but I never obtained from them any result. I tried to replicate what published, but with no avail. For this reason I have completely abandoned these R&D streams.
This, obviously, does not necessarily mean that others can’t be able to make anything good.
Warm Regards,
A.R.