United States Patent US 9,115,913 B1

Read the whole US Patent
Download the ZIP file of US Patent

42,354 comments to United States Patent US 9,115,913 B1

  • Pedro Hernandez

    Dr Rossi:
    Is the Ecat NGU compatible with normal solar systems and notmal appliances ?

  • Patrick

    Dear Andrea,
    Congratulations on the results of the latest test.
    How many e-cat 10W modules were inside the electric car?
    Looking forward to my deliveries of the e-cats very soon!
    Best regards
    Patrick

  • Axil

    Dr. Rossi states that Ecat system derives its energy from zero point energy. This theory paper has received a tremendous amount of attention since it was published, but it has yet to be peer reviewed by science. Now that the reaction has been shown to be real in the recent successful demonstration of the Rossi effect, let us prepare for such a peer review.
    
    So what is zero point energy?
    
    Zero point energy arises from the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, specifically the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that a particle can never have both a perfectly known position and momentum, resulting in a minimum, non-zero energy level even at absolute zero temperature; essentially, it’s the inherent energy fluctuations present in all quantum systems, even in a “vacuum” state, due to the wave-like nature of particles.
    
    Key points about zero point energy:
    
    Quantum mechanics origin:
    It’s a direct consequence of quantum mechanics and not a classical physics concept where a system can theoretically reach zero energy at absolute zero.
    Heisenberg uncertainty principle:
    
    This principle is crucial to understanding zero point energy as it dictates that even in the lowest energy state, a particle will still have some degree of motion due to the inherent uncertainty in its position and momentum.
    
    Vacuum fluctuations:
    In the context of quantum field theory, the “vacuum” is not truly empty but is filled with fluctuating quantum fields, which contribute to zero point energy.
    
    What Dr. Rossi is saying in his theory paper is that he is extracting energy out of these virtual particles to the tune of many kilowatts per hour. Let us analyze the soundness of this posit against other established scientific data as follows:
    
    In theory, it is possible to calculate the energy involved in the production of virtual particles within a limited volume of space using the principles of quantum field theory, although the calculations can be quite complex and often involve advanced mathematical techniques like renormalization to handle infinities that arise from summing over all possible virtual particle interactions within a given volume; this is often referred to as “vacuum energy density” in the context of quantum field theory.
    
    Key points to remember about virtual particles and energy calculations:
    
    Quantum fluctuations:
    Virtual particles arise from quantum fluctuations in the underlying quantum fields, meaning they can momentarily appear and disappear in pairs due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
    
    Limited lifetime:
    These particles exist for a very short time, and their energy is not precisely defined due to the uncertainty principle, which allows them to violate energy conservation temporarily.
    
    Feynman diagrams:
    To calculate the energy associated with virtual particles, physicists use Feynman diagrams, which represent the interactions between particles as visual diagrams and allow for the calculation of probabilities and amplitudes of these interactions.
    
    Challenges in calculating virtual particle energy:
    Infinite sums:
    
    Directly summing over all possible virtual particle interactions in a given volume can lead to mathematically infinite results.
    
    Renormalization:
    To address this issue, physicists use a technique called renormalization, where only the relevant “observable” differences in energy are considered, effectively “subtracting out” the infinite parts.
    
    Example application:
    
    Casimir effect: One observable phenomenon related to virtual particle energy is the Casimir effect, where the fluctuations of virtual particles between two closely spaced plates can result in a measurable attractive force. This effect can be calculated using quantum field theory and provides experimental evidence for the concept of vacuum energy associated with virtual particles.
    
    The vacuum energy density of space, according to recent measurements, is approximately 5.96 x 10^-27 kilograms per cubic meter which translates to roughly 5.36 x 10^-10 Joules per cubic meter. In terms of energy density calculated from experiments using the Casimir effect, this energy density is about 10-9 joules per cubic meter.
    
    Explanation:
    Units:
    ”Vacuum energy density” is measured in units of energy per unit volume, like Joules per cubic meter (J/m^3).
    
    Current understanding:
    Based on observations, the vacuum energy density is believed to be a significant component of the universe’s energy density, contributing to the accelerating expansion of space.
    
    To produce a constant rate of energy production of 3 kilowatts, you would need 3,000 joules of energy per second.
    
    Explanation:
    1 kilowatt is equal to 1,000 watts.
    
    1 watt is equal to 1 joule per second.
    
    Therefore, 3 kilowatts is equal to 3,000 watts, which translates to 3,000 joules per second.
    
    Key point: While “joules” measure energy, “watts” measure the rate at which energy is transferred, meaning “joules per second” represents the power level.
    
    The amount of space carrying energy from the vacuum required to supply a constant rate of power production from vacuum energy at its source is 3,000 joules/5.36 x 10^-10 Joules per cubic meter or (3) (10^13)/ 5.36
    
    Or approximately (10^13) cubic meters of space would be removed of virtual particles per second to supply 3 kilowatts of power.
    
    What happens if the NGU is configured to generate megawatts of power?
    
    If science made this calculation, what is the implication of this calculation with regards to the claim that the NGU extracts it energy from vacuum zero point energy?
    
    —————————————————————-
    When 1 gram of matter is completely converted into energy, it generates approximately 9 x 10^13 Joules of energy.
    
    Explanation: This is calculated using the famous Einstein equation E=mc^2, where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light.
    
    Mass (m): 1 gram = 0.001 kilograms
    
    Speed of light (c): 3 x 10^8 meters per second
    
    Calculation: E = (0.001 kg) * (3 x 10^8 m/s)^2 = 9 x 10^13 Joules
    
    Key point: This is a massive amount of energy, which is why nuclear reactions that convert a small amount of mass into energy can release such tremendous power.
    
    Since Dr Rossi does not report any loss of mass or any other signs of nuclear activity and since mass is just an excitation of quantum fields (particles) present in spacetime that is moderated by the Higgs field as the source of mass, then If spacetime comprised of all quantum fields is converted to energy, we should get the same amount of energy from space time annihilation as if that space time held mass.
    
    The energy density of the vacuum seems to be too low to support extraction of power at levels that are being achieved by the Ecat reaction. However, there are other vacuum related processes that might enable the extraction of high power output. Does energy transfer derive from Sen’s conjecture where spacetime itself is being converted to power as per string theory or false vacuum decay which could be the method that might permit high power production?
    
    I will make the case for Vacuum decay as the source of power for the Ecat system if Dr. Rossi permits.

  • Andrea Rossi

    LarryG:
    1- depends on the situations
    2- 2.1: also, but not necessarily if an inverter is connected
    2- 2.2: yes, as an optional
    3- not so far, possibly in future
    4- depends on the situations
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Italo R.:
    Thank you for your suggestion: I like the suffix NGU because reminds me the day of the explosion and fire, where I seriously risked to burn alive; I had to decide if to go on with that work or not, but said ” Never Give Up”, but this is a subjective choice , therefore maybe you made a good point.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Steven Nicholes karels,
    Thank you for your suggestion,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Klas

    @Tobias

    You always need some type of battery charger circuit/unit.
    The complexity depends mainly on the type and specification of the battery.
    For some exemples you can search on Amazon with ” dollatek batterycharger”.

    Klas

  • Steven Nicholes Karels

    Dear Andrea Rossi,

    Suggested cat family name vs power rating:

    Power Name
    > 4kW tiger class,
    3 kW lion class,
    1 kW jaguar class,
    10 W leopard class

    Thoughts?

  • LarryG

    Dear Dr. Rossi

    Regarding the new data sheets:

    1) please confirm my interpretation that the NGU Power Cell SKL-NGU-10W will only be available with DC output voltage delivered via two wires.

    2) please confirm my interpretation that the NGU Generator SKL-NGU-xxxW will be available with
    2.1 DC output voltage delivered through two wires,
    2.2 or it can be delivered with 120V A/C output and A/C connector standard to the country of purchase/as requested by the buyer.

    3) will other configurations for the Generator be available, for instance maybe USB-A output connector?

    4) is the DC voltage output of the NGU Power Cell SKL-NGU-10W permanently factory set or user adjustable?

    Best Regards, LarryG

  • Italo R.

    Dr. Rossi,
    I think the name “E-Cat SKLep NGU” is too long. It is a name that has been generated over the years, each letter has its own precise meaning. But, apart from “E-Cat”, everything else in the name remains indecipherable and meaningless for a layman or an end customer.
    If I buy a car, I immediately identify it with a short name like “Duster”, “Panda” etc. I completely ignore all internal factory codes.
    In my opinion, the E-cat should simply be called “E-Cat” plus a meaningful suffix that refers to an important and significant feature of that model.

    Kind Regards,
    Italo R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Frank Acland:
    That’s true if the batteries have a BMS,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Heinz Sause:
    Thank you for your suggestion,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Heinz Sause

    Hello and sorry,
    Yes, I know the origin of the name ecat.
    The company logo simply uses a cat for presentation.
    Now my thoughts on how to differentiate between the very different strength versions.
    A large dog or even a horse would be added to make it more likeable.
    So just marketing considerations!
    Best wishes and I hope you have an excellent result.

  • Frank Acland

    Dear Andrea,

    Your reply to Tobias regarding battery charging is interesting.

    When you charge batteries from the grid, there is no need to disconnect the battery from the grid connection. Once the battery is 100 % full there is no danger of the battery exploding, charging simply stops.

    Does the E-Cat charging a battery behave differently than the grid charging a battery?

    Many thanks,

    Frank Acland

  • Andrea Rossi

    Tobias:
    When the Ecat has to charge a battery it is necessary to apply an instrument that disconnects the connection between the battery and the Ecat when the battery is completely recharged. For this specific application, that has to be declared to us from the Client before we deliver, because without this interface the battery can explode.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Tobias

    If a ecat were placed in a home connected to a battery. Is there a way to turn it off when the battery is filled? Or what needs to happen with the redundant excess power generated?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Calle H:
    Thank you for your support.
    The Ecats will be delivered with a manual.
    About the datasheet we just updated them here:
    http://www.ecat.com
    Warm Regards,
    Andrea Rossi

  • Calle H

    Dear Dr. Rossi,
    I have the feeling that the time for production start is getting closer. I hope you agree and congratulations to you and your team.
    May I ask, will you soon release data sheets for the 10W and 100W respectively including information such as: open circuit voltage, short circuit current, maximum power at X current, mounting holes, physical dimensions, electrical connection type, illustrations, etc. Will there be available a user manual with application examples for the most requested applications such as space heating, connection to PV inverter, etc. Will you set up an application support web site for solving individual problems. Thank you if you can answer.
    Kind regards,
    Calle H

  • Andrea Rossi

    LarryG:
    1- yes
    2- yes
    3- even some of them
    Warm regards,
    A.R.

  • LarryG

    Hi Dr. Rossi
    Followup to your answers to B.Walz and h. Calle H. regarding order status.

    1) for clarity, the “one million orders” threshold for production is actually some combination of 10W and 100W units that total 100 million watts of output power if you summed up power of all units together.
    2) Are you currently in contract negotiations with new customers that if all are successful, there will be enough orders to send you over the order threshold and begin production.
    3) Are you currently in contract negotiations with new customers that if only half of them are successful, there will be enough orders to send you over the order threshold and begin production.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Andreas:
    You can place your pre-order here:
    http://www.ecatorders.com
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    B. Waltz:
    1. We hope to reach it soon
    2. Not yet
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • ernesto Seligardi

    @ Italo R. and @ Tom Kaminski.
    Perhaps it would not even be necessary to make precise measurements, neither calorimetric nor electrical, with so many instruments that could raise objections from skeptics and trolls.
    What is needed is a transparent, graduated, heat-resistant glass cylinder with a capacity of at least one liter, a coil resistance sized to support the 3 kw ecat, to be introduced inside the cylinder. A reserve of water, perhaps distilled, in a tank or a visible bin, and a graduated glass jug. Also the E Cat in full view with the two cables that connect it to the coil. All on a table, perhaps outdoors. Fill the cylinder via the graduated jug with one liter of water, turn on the ecat which will start to heat the resistance and therefore the water.
    After a few minutes the water will start to boil and evaporate. When the evaporated water is about 1/2 liter, you will add, with the graduated jug, another 1/2 liter of water, and so on, ad infinitum. A streaming similar to that with the lamp. After a few hours of repeated fillings, I challenge anyone to question the reality and efficiency of the ECat. You could go on for days. Nothing existing, much less lithium batteries, would be able to do this.

  • B.Walz

    Dear Dr. Rossi,
    referring to your answer to Calle H.
    1. Are the one million orders already reached or are you sure to reach it soon?
    2. Have you already set a date for the start of the mass production?
    Best regards
    B.Walz

  • Andreas

    Andrea,

    thanks for your response. I would use the ecat to charge the battery when the sun isnt shining btw for providing the base load of my one family house, which is around 400-500 watts/hour in the evening / night. So i plan to order only 4 to 6 e-cats.

    Thank you and warm regards,

    Andreas

  • Andrea Rossi

    Calle H:
    do not worry,the priorities will be respected. Thanks to the demonstration made in Latina we are signing agreements that will empower significantly our production capacity.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Andreas:
    We will contact you when ready to deliver to fix the details of your particular situation.
    If your peak demand of power is 15 kW you can pre-order 150 modules of 100 W. We will deliver the assembly designed along your specific situation and will suggest you the proper inverter.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Italo R.

    to Tom Kaminski:

    I think the setup could be much simpler.

    This for 2 reasons:

    1) – The load is resistive and all the electrical energy supplied is converted into heat. I think it is more than enough to measure only the voltage, current and power output of the e-cat (which powers the heater). It would also be enough to measure only voltage and current to calculate the power, since the load is purely resistive. The additional measurement of power would serve to confirm the measurements and calculations.
    So, by measuring with 3 instruments only those three parameters, the heat generated by the heater is calculated exactly.

    2) Calorimetric measurement is complex, requires several measurements and devices susceptible to errors and subjective interpretations and this would create endless discussions (as it has been in the past with this type of measurement).

    Best regards,
    Italo R.

  • Andreas

    Dear Andrea,

    congratulations to the Latina test, this is simply jawdropping. I am now ready for placing a order!

    I asked this question already a few month ago but now with details.

    I am at the moment finishing my 15kwp Photovoltaic System. I have a high voltage hybrid inverter which requires 180V at least at the PV input to start. The battery connected to the inverter is a high voltage system too.

    What ecat version do i need and how is this integrated in my system to charge the battery if needed?

    Maybe the german readers here can form a email group for sharing configurations and so on ?

    Warm regards,
    Andreas

  • Calle H

    Dear Dr. Rossi,
    It is very pleasing to hear that you may be at MRL 9 för production of the E-Cat. I would believe your production facilities are now preparing for multi-million E-Cat production in the wake of the successful Latina test. And not just the one million that is your threshold to start production.
    There is a concern from us who have placed small orders many years ago that we will be overridden by disregarding by the big orders from big companies. Could you please confirm that we who have placed ourselves in the queu line long before the big ordering companies that we will be in priority of delivery.
    Kind Regards,
    Calle H

  • Andrea Rossi

    Garret Wawell:
    Thank you for your kind support,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Tom Kaminski:
    Thank you for your suggestions,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Lucio Martini:
    Thank you for your kind support,
    Warm Regards
    A.R.

  • Stephen

    Dear Andrea

    May I ask if the orders made for the SKLED (lamp version) some years ago are automatically converted to the SKLEP (electric power Version)?

    If so does each SKLED order correspond to the 10W version?

    Is there a way to check our order status (number of units) without putting an overhead on you or your team?

    Thanks and Best Regards
    Stephen

  • Andrea Rossi

    Gavino Mamia:
    Your video is a masterpiece !
    Thank you for your generosity,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Lucio Martini

    I saw the EV demonstration in Latina, I was convinced that the future of electric cars lies in E-CAT, which implies the elimination of expensive, delicate, cumbersome and dangerous batteries.
    Best wishes Ing. Rossi, the future is in your hands!

  • Tom Kaminski

    Congratulations on the Latina Demonstration. I hope your path to commercialization is short and successful.

    I understand that you are planning a demonstration of the E-cat NGU as a source of energy for heating. If you do so, I hope that you will consider a thermal measurement system based on calorimetry, similar to the system that you used for the E-cat QX demonstration. An even simpler system of calorimetry might be a bucket of ice, heated by the E-cat with a resistive heater. Measuring the volume of ice-melt water would confirm the energy generated.

  • Gavino Mamia

    Dr. Rossi
    here is my summary translated into English

    https://youtu.be/lKNjprTutqc?si=3jurzMend2nuKVHS

  • Garret Kawell

    Dr Rossi,
    After what I have seen yn the videos of the Latina test I can say: the Ecat is a game changer !
    Garret Kawell

  • Andrea Rossi

    Gianluca Berteletti:
    We are making manufacturing licenses in different parts of the world, exactly for the reasons you cited: logistic and customs.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Benjamin:
    Thank you for your support,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • gianluca berteletti

    Cortese A.R.
    la produzione di ECAT sarà concentrata in un solo luogo (stato) oppure puoi già dire che potrebbe essere decentrata in vari continenti per velocizzarne la logistica e per evitare problematiche di tipo doganale, anche in relazione alla tipologia di oggetto da spedire?

    Grazie
    GL

  • Benjamin

    Dr Rossi,
    I watched all the videos of the Latina test with the two twizy and I want to congratulate for the high level of professionality, the sophisticated and convincing measurements and the historic result.
    Kudos to all your team: for once we could see at least part of the team of Leonardo at work.
    All the best,
    Benjamin Defoe

  • Andrea Rossi

    LilyLover:
    Thank you for your support,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Cesare:
    Thank you for your kind help,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Pablo Ramirez:
    Yes
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Pablo Ramierz

    Dr Rossi
    Are you studying the application od the Ecat to the drones ? I think to obtain certification for non manned flying objects is much easier than manned.

  • cesare

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTtwclcJBpI

    Dr. Rossi,
    I sent the QUATTRORUOTE editorial staff the link proposed by Sven Larsen – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HTtwclcJBpI, because it’s in English.
    I hope they are moved by “constructive curiosity” and get in touch with you.

  • LilyLover

    Dear Andrea,
    Your confidence about MRL 9, makes me really happy for the World.
    Sincerely,
    `LilyLover

  • Andrea Rossi

    Axil:
    Thank you for your thoroughly batteries update; I am not a battery expert, anyway, and we must take for good the batteries the cars actually have been supplied with, and find out a safe way to make the Ecat interface fit for them, one kind or another as they might be.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

Leave a Reply

You can use these HTML tags

<a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <s> <strike> <strong>