Dear dr Andrea Rossi,
Are you continuing to test the Ecat NGU to increase the time elapsed from the first start and accumulate experience about the duration ?
After your successful EV demo I believe it’s time for some of your biggest supporters to help you get to your 1 Million pre-order goal quicker!
1. I asked last Feb (2023) IF those of us with early orders were willing to place a second pre-order to be delivered in 2024 [2025] would those orders count toward the million pre-orders you need before you start production? For the readers… Is your answer still YES?? 2023-02-12 15:12 Andrea Rossi
Assuming it is, today I updated & increased my pre-order from 26) 100W E-Cat to 4) 1K = 40) x 100 W E-Cat total and added this comment to my pre-order:
OLD Order 26) 100 W E-Cat – CANCEL
NEW Order #1: TWO 1KW = 20) x 100 W E-Cat NGU cells preassembled by Leonardo Corp – (After my payment) ship ASAP
NEW Order #2: ONE 1KW = 10) x 100 W E-Cat NGU cells preassembled by Leonardo Corp – 6 months after 1st shipment in 2025
NEW Order #3: ONE 1KW = 10) x 100 W E-Cat NGU cells preassembled by Leonardo Corp – ship in Apr of 2026 (IF E-Cats work ok)
UPDATE: While I was waiting this spring I decided to add my 1st EG4-6000XP inverter w/ 2) 48V 100A LiFePO4 batteries plus 4) 500W solar panels to help power half of our (2000 sq ft) retirement home.
This fall I’m adding a 2nd 6000XP plus 1) 48V 100A LiFePO4 battery to my power our other half of our home (1000sq ft) addition. When I get my 1st order of 2) 1K E-Cat I’ll connect each one into the PV connection (no solar panels). I believe it will be enough to power the PV Inverter (each 1KW = 10x12v=120VDC + 1000W) that side of the house plus will use it to power up an electric water heater element (120v 1500W) for our 300 Liters (79 Gallon) solar tank to preheat the water (>140F) for our in-floor heating system so hopefully our gas boiler won’t need to kick in during our winter months in WI.
The 2nd 2025 order (1KW) will be added to the #1 6000XP inverter on the extra PV connection slot. From what I can tell so far I think along with the up to 2KW solar panels + 2) batteries the E-Cat should be able to power that side of the house 24/7. Right now I’m limited to switching the power over manually whenever the sun is shinning & to recharge the batteries. I like to keep the batteries charged as much as possible in case we should ever lose power.
My 3rd 2026 order of 1) 1KW will be used where needed. I may try to add it to a future solar powered heated pool to help heat a propane tank when the sun isn’t shinning enough to heat the pool. Maybe I won’t need to buy the solar tubes if one or more E-Cat can keep the tank & pool heated.
So my suggestion to the blog readers is if you think you will ever need more KWs then best to pre-order them NOW to help Rossi reach his 1M 100 W goal rather than wait and find out you are on backorder due to the BIG rush after the good news gets out to the world!
Jan Srajer:
Presently the Ecat is made in the USA. In future it will be manufactured also in other Countries, following the market and the conveniences related to the Customs fees,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea. From what you have said,I deduce that the E-Cat can be transported in any orientation, provided it is not engaged with a load and not subject to a vacuum and outside of its pressure and temperature limits. Also, on arrival and use, it must be at an acceptable orientation.
This being the case, if a 3 kW unit were to be transferred to Mars in a man-rated cabin with normal human conditions but not used for the whole journey, do you think that it would start up and work normally when connected to a suitable load there and oriented correctly, despite the gravity being only about a third that of Earth? We assume that the device is always kept under normal human rated conditions like on our planet and not exposed for an instant to any unacceptable conditions.
Thank you for an intelligent guess. Regards. Jean Pierre.
For an ultra-compact version of the E-Cat that fits within a smartphone, the technology needs to be designed on a micro- or nanoscale, drawing on principles from microelectronics and plasma technology. Here’s a highly miniaturized E-Cat implementation that could match the size requirements of a smartphone battery:
Technical Concept of a Micro E-Cat for Smartphones
Micro Reactor Chamber within a Microchip Array
Design: The reactor is integrated into a microchip designed as an array of tiny reaction chambers. Each chamber has submicron dimensions (e.g., 0.1 x 0.1 mm), allowing for a sufficient number of mini-reactors within the area of a standard smartphone battery.
Material: The chambers are made from heat- and plasma-resistant materials such as silicon carbide or graphene composites to ensure stability and enable extreme miniaturization.
Arrangement: These tiny reactor chambers are configured in an array on a single chip that connects to microelectronics controlling the current flow and voltage output.
Plasma Generation and Control
Nano-Scale Plasma Generation: Plasma is created in each micro-reactor chamber through controlled nanosecond pulses that induce electron clusters. Due to the small size of each chamber, very low voltages can be used to manage electron movements and encourage the formation of coherent clusters.
Control with Micro Coils and Magnetic Fields: An embedded grid of micro-coils within the chip generates the magnetic fields needed for electron cluster coherence. These micro-coils function similarly to those in MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems), effectively controlling electron clusters in very limited space.
Direct Electricity Generation
Electricity Collection through Micro Electrodes: The generated electrical energy is collected by micro-electrodes that extract the current from the cluster. These electrodes are arranged in a matrix above the array to provide a stable power supply to the smartphone’s voltage regulators.
Power Regulation: The microchip includes embedded regulation electronics that adjust power output in real-time. This ensures a steady supply of voltage and power, even as the device’s power demands fluctuate.
Thermal Management and Cooling
Nanostructured Cooling Layer: The chip’s surface is coated with a layer of thermally conductive nanotubes to dissipate any excess heat. A layer of carbon nanotubes (CNT) or graphene could conduct the generated heat to the chip’s outer surface, where it can be passively distributed to the smartphone.
Passive Cooling via Structured Cooling Channels: Tiny cooling channels may be integrated within the chip to optimize heat distribution and prevent hotspots.
Safety and Emergency Shutdown
Miniaturized Safety Sensors: The chip includes micro-temperature sensors, precisely calibrated to trigger automatic shutdown if the device exceeds a set temperature.
Overload Protection Circuit: A microcontroller serves as a voltage guard, triggering an emergency shutdown if there’s a sudden rise in current draw.
Power Output and Smartphone Power Supply
Power Density and Efficiency: Each reactor cell can produce several microwatts, and the chip area contains tens of thousands of these cells. This results in a high enough power density for smartphones, providing continuous power without the need for conventional recharging.
Energy Buffering: An ultra-thin capacitor grid is integrated into the chip to stabilize the DC output and buffer for short-term load changes.
Dimensions and Space Requirements
Ultra-Compact: The complete system fits within the dimensions of a conventional smartphone battery, with a thickness below 1 mm. Such a microelectronic design could be integrated seamlessly into the smartphone case, making it nearly invisible.
Longevity: Since no chemical reactions occur (as in lithium-ion batteries), the theoretical lifespan extends for years, with no “discharge” in the traditional sense.
Benefits and Challenges of this Micro E-Cat Implementation
Benefits:
Enables continuous power without recharge cycles.
Highly energy-efficient, with minimal heat output.
Long lifespan due to solid-state construction with no chemical elements.
Challenges:
Controlling plasma physics on a microscopic level and achieving stable coherent electron clusters.
Precise tuning of micro-coils to control magnetic fields and maintain coherent states.
Safety management in a very confined space, especially at high current densities.
Conclusion
This type of micro E-Cat chip could theoretically replace a smartphone battery if the plasma physics can be stably controlled on a micro-scale and the energy conversion is sufficiently efficient. Such a system would provide a revolutionary power supply compared to today’s batteries, with extremely compact integration into smartphones.
A concept for demonstrating 3-phase Grid power from NGU technology.
EG4 has a new inverter, the FlexBoss21. The FlexBoss21 has five PV inputs. It can accept PV (NGU) inputs of 120VDC from five 3kW NGU units (One NGU 3kW unit per PV input).
The FlexBoss21 can continuously output up to 16 kW of Grid compatible power.
A maximum of 16 FlexBoss21 units can be paralleled.
I am proposing 15 FlexBoss21 units tied together in trios of three: (L1 and L2); (L1 and L3); and (L2 & L3). Five such trios would be on a single paralleling grouping.
With five 3kW NGU units (15 kW) feeding each FlexBoss21 and fifteen FlexBoss21 units, you would generate a total of almost 225 kW of electrical power. This called their “Grid-Tie Only” configuration.
And each FlexBoss21 would be operated without a battery. They would only generate AC power when Grid power is available.
The concept is that they could directly connect to a Grid substation (through a suitable transformer) and supply power to the Grid.
The single unit cost of the FlexBoss21 is $4,199.00 USD.
If this was in a dedicated building or container, conceptually, you could have additional NGU units to provide power for heating and cooling for the equipment.
Alternatively, you could do the 3-Phase demonstration using only three FlexBoss21 units and generate almost 45 kW of Grid power.
Calle H:
The Clients will be free to connect the modules as they prefer, but in this case they must make the job by a certified contractor, because errors with electric devices can cause even deadly consequences.
We will not respond of any consequence deriving from connections or modifications not made under our control and any modification not authorized by us will imply automatically the loss of the guarantee and the invalidity of the safety certification; this will be also written in the Guarentee certificate that will accompany the Ecats.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
There are few recent comments about a requirement that the ecat be mounted upright. During delivery despite advisory labelling the ecat may find itself laying on its side or upside down, though it is not activated.
1) Upon receipt the user mounts the ecat correctly and can immediately activate it?
2) Once the ecat is mounted a settling period is required before the user can activate it?
1) Please confirm I can still get 10W and 100W units with 120V A/C output at same price as the DC output versions.
2) Can one order the 1/2/3/5/10 kW units with A/C output inverter installed by the factory at the same price as the DC output version?
3) Can one order the 1/2/3/5/10 kW units with A/C output installed at a higher, TBD price compared to the DC output version?
Dear Dr. Rossi,
As to your answer about wiring NGU in series follows one question: Is there some secret sauce in the NGU that prohibits developers and designers to create their own freely wired series and parallel NGU multi million projects? This was not clear in previous communication that wiring of NGU has to be done by Leonardo. Thank you if you can comment.
Kind regards,
Calle H
Is it correctly understood that the output voltage of the ordered NGU’s shall be given to Leonardo when Leonardo takes contact for delivery? Does this mean that Leonardo shall (or must?) do the wiring for e.g. 48V 400 W NGU. One should not order 4 pcs 12 V 100 W NGU and do the wiring after delivery. Correct? Thank you if you can answer.
Consider using the e-cat NGU to augment e-bike batteries. According to one source, In 2022, there were 1.1 million e-bikes sold in the United States, almost four times as many as were sold in 2019. World-wide figures are much higher with an estimated 500 million or more e-bikes already in use. A smaller battery with an e-cat continuous charger could make it easier to own and operate an e-bike. E-bike rental units are growing across the world, and battery replacement/charging currently takes teams of technicians to replace depleted batteries with freshly charged batteries.
Robert Bosch GmbH, Panasonic Industries, Samsung SDI, Shimano Inc. and Liv Cycling (Energy Pak) are the major companies operating in the E-Bike Battery Pack Market. This is a much easier market to attack than the EV auto market.
There is also the electric scooter market – rental and owned.
Q1: Have you considered the e-bike/electrical scooter market?
Q2: If so, are you currently negotiating with companies who serve this market?
I have been talking to the AI about the negative mass characteristics that have recently been discovered to arise from the nature of the dispersion of the Bose Einstein condensates of the exciton-polariton particle as seems to be in effect in Dr. Rossi’s invention. Here is the results as follows:
Quearion: “It has been recently discovered due to the dispersion characteristics of the Bose Einstein condensate of the exciton-polariton, the condensate has negative mass, what is the effect of this condensate on the nature of the vacuum.”
GPT-3.5-Turbo
Poe
The concept of a Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons with negative mass is highly speculative and would represent a significant departure from our current understanding of particle physics and quantum field theory. If such a hypothetical condensate were to exist and exhibit negative mass properties, its effects on the nature of the vacuum would be quite novel and potentially transformative. Here are some speculative considerations about the potential effects:
Vacuum Fluctuations: The presence of a Bose-Einstein condensate with negative mass could potentially alter the vacuum fluctuations in its vicinity. Negative mass particles might interact with the quantum vacuum in unique ways, leading to modifications in the virtual particle-antiparticle pairs that constantly pop in and out of existence.
Energy Density and Vacuum Stability: Negative mass particles could influence the energy density of the vacuum and potentially destabilize the vacuum state. This could lead to changes in the vacuum energy and alter the vacuum structure in the region occupied by the condensate.
Quantum Field Dynamics: The presence of negative mass particles could introduce new dynamics into the quantum field theory framework. It might affect particle interactions, modify the behavior of other particles in the vicinity, and lead to unconventional quantum field effects.
Gravitational Effects: Negative mass is often associated with repulsive gravitational interactions. If the condensate with negative mass were to exhibit such properties, it could result in repulsive gravitational effects that might impact spacetime curvature and gravitational interactions in its surroundings.
Causality and Stability: The existence of negative mass particles challenges conventional notions of causality and stability in physics. The effects of negative mass on the nature of the vacuum could potentially lead to violations of established physical principles and raise fundamental questions about the nature of spacetime and quantum interactions.
It’s important to reiterate that the scenario described, involving a Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons with negative mass and its impact on the vacuum, is highly speculative and theoretical. Such a discovery would likely require extensive theoretical analysis and experimental validation to be considered within the framework of established physics. This hypothetical situation opens up a realm of unconventional physics that would need to be rigorously explored and understood.
Another question as follows:
”It has been recently discovered due to the dispersion characteristics of the bose einstein condensate of the exciton-polariton, the condensate has negative mass. Would the effect of this condensate on the nature of the vacuum decay”
In standard quantum field theory and particle physics, the concept of a Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons with negative mass and its effects on the vacuum would be highly speculative and unprecedented. Negative mass introduces fundamentally different dynamics compared to what is typically observed in known particle physics.
The notion of “vacuum decay” typically arises in the context of quantum field theory when a system transitions to a lower energy state, often through the creation of new particles or changes in the vacuum structure. However, the idea of a Bose-Einstein condensate with negative mass directly causing vacuum decay is not a concept that aligns with our current understanding of particle physics.
If a hypothetical Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons with negative mass were to interact with the vacuum, the effects could potentially lead to significant changes in the quantum field dynamics and energy distribution in the surrounding environment. Here are some speculative considerations:
Vacuum Fluctuations: The presence of a condensate with negative mass could alter the vacuum fluctuations in its vicinity, potentially affecting the creation and annihilation of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs.
Vacuum Stability: Negative mass could introduce instability into the vacuum state, influencing the energy density and potentially affecting the stability of the vacuum configuration in the region occupied by the condensate.
Quantum Field Effects: The negative mass particles in the condensate might interact with the quantum fields in novel ways, leading to modifications in particle interactions, energy conservation, and quantum field behaviors.
Gravitational Considerations: Negative mass is often associated with repulsive gravitational effects. If the condensate were to exhibit negative mass properties, it could potentially alter the gravitational interactions in its vicinity.
In summary, while the concept of a Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons with negative mass is speculative, if such a scenario were to exist, its effects on the vacuum could lead to profound changes in the quantum field dynamics and energy distribution in the surrounding space. The idea of vacuum decay resulting directly from the presence of a condensate with negative mass would require further theoretical analysis and experimental validation to be fully understood within the framework of established physics.
Associated references
Negative-mass exciton polaritons induced by dissipative light-matter …
Feb 23, 2023 — Negative-mass dynamics. Finally, we show that the anomalous dispersion has a dramatic effect on the dynamics of the lo…
National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)
Negative-Mass Effects in Spin-Orbit Coupled Bose-Einstein …
Jul 31, 2018 — Abstract. Negative effective masses can be realized by engineering the dispersion relation of a variety of quantum sys…
American Physical Society
[1612.04055] Negative mass hydrodynamics in a Spin-Orbit – arXiv
Dec 13, 2016 — Negative mass hydrodynamics in a Spin-Orbit–Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate. A negative effective mass can be realiz…
arXiv
False vacuum decay via bubble formation in ferromagnetic superfluids
Jan 22, 2024 — The false and true vacua are the local and global energy minima of a ferromagnetic atomic Bose–Einstein condensate, re…
Nature
Clarifying effects of negative mass – http://Phys.org
Nov 26, 2018 — David Colas. The WUS reported that negative mass effect can halt the free expansion of a BEC and lead to fringes in th…
http://Phys.org
To Disperse, or To Not Disperse: Debating “Negative Mass”
When the condensate nears and then enters this velocity regime while dispersing, the expansion first slows, and then reverses. “Th…
American Physical Society
Dr Rossi,
Yet another update, at a distance of few days, of the statistics of all your papers on Researchgate I found today on http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Total readings: 163000, of which 149500 only for “Ecat SK and Long Range Particle Interactions”, more than 16 million publications on Researchgate, as well as the Research Interest Score (3104) and the number of recommendation (12015)
And counting…
Prof
As I understand the NGU units, when not connected to a load, they are off. When connected to a load they produce whatever voltage they are specified to produce unless the current demand exceeds a certain value.
1. Is this essentially correct?
So how does the NGU detect whether a load has been connected?
2. Is there a pulse of power to see if a load is present?
3. Is there a low voltage DC signal present?
4. If something else, please clarify how load detection works.
Dear Dr. Rossi:
The second paragraph of section “The Science behind E-Cat Power” of your White Paper states that you propose that there is “a mechanism to extract electromagnetic energy from the vacuum energy of the Zero-point energy field”
1) If indeed this is the mechanism that the NGU uses to deliver electrical power, does the electrical energy generated eventually end up back in the ZPE energy field?
2) If yes, does this mean that there is no net long term transfer of energy out of the ZPE vacuum energy field?”
Regards
LarryG
Dear Dr. Rossi
Your white paper, page 7, Section “Reliability and Security” states: “###Once started###, an E-Cat Power NGU Generator is expected
to produce stable power 24/7 for an estimated 100,000 hours without default maintenance. ”
There has been the occasional question regarding on/off switches, and questioning how can the NGU get started if there is no initial power to get the electronics going. Perhaps this statement gives us a clue…
1) After putting all the parts together for an NGU, do you apply an external power source to initiate the NGU power production and after this start up it goes into self sustaining mode and supplies its own power to keep the electronics “live”?
2) If 1) is not correct, can you give us some insight as to how the NGU can work without any initial external power to get the AI and other electronics “live”?
Dear Italo R.
I disagree extremely strongly with your comment that inviting Musk/Tesla for a demonstration is a good step. He is a shark and would eat Dr. Rossi alive if he went into contract re ECAT. As mentioned by many on Frank’s forum, there are many more worthy EV companies to work with.
Dr. Rossi,
I saw that you offer ready-made generators of various powers, but with direct current output. If an end customer wants alternating current, he must install a DC/AC inverter.
What I would like to have, instead, is an output directly in alternating current (the inverter would be supplied and installed inside directly by you).
A thought of mine:
While a generator with DC output would have a market aimed only at experts, a generator with AC output would be truly universal, and could be used immediately by billions of people. A market of a completely different order of magnitude.
Dear Andrea,
the concept of Reverse Entropy is really fascinating, maybe one day thanks to your intuitions you will be able to apply it to the human body and reverse the disorder and cellular degradation, extending our life. More than a Nobel Prize… 😅
Regards Giuseppe
Dr. Rossi,
your message to Elon Musk is certainly of extreme importance, and I hope he can answer soon or, at least, send one of his engineers, since he is “busy with other things”.
Best regards
Italo R.
It seems to me that another key demonstration that you must make is Grid electrical power generation.
There are two general categories of Grid power generation: On Grid and Off Grid. The waveforms and voltages are the same but there is less regulation and risk of liability for the off-Grid application. Therefore, I suggest an Off-Grid demonstration should be done first.
I posted about a new product, EG4’s 12000XP inverter on JONP. I suggest that inverter coupled with two wall mounted batteries, would be the basis of the demonstration. You demonstrate, as the energy source either one or two NGU 3KW units each running at 120VDC.
I suggest as a load using a Tesla Wall Mount and a Tesla Model 3 or Model Y electric vehicle.
Test Concept
Assemble the Inverter and two batteries (the recommended minimum for the inverter is two batteries).
Output the inverter AC power is a subpanel with a 60 Amp 2-phase circuit breaker. From the 60 Amp breaker, connect the power to the Tesla Wall Mount. Configure the Tesla Wall Mount (internal thumb switch settings) to the 60 Amp setting. This will cause the Wall Mount to draw 48 Amps at 240 VAC or 11.5 kW of power.
Do not connect Grid Power to the Inverter!
Connect the Tesla Model 3 or Model Y to the Tesla Wall Mount. Turn on the batteries and the Inverter and drain the batteries until they are at a 50% State Of Charge (SOC).
Disconnect the Tesla and drive it until it is at a 20% SOC.
Turn off the Inverter and the Batteries.
Connect the 2 NGU 3kW units to the PV input of the inverter. Turn on the batteries and the inverter.
Verify the batteries are charging.
Now return the Tesla vehicle and reconnect the Tesla vehicle to the Tesla Wall Mount. Set the Tesla Vehicle to a maximum SOC of 80%.
Start the Demonstration.
The Tesla vehicle will start charging at a rate of up to 11.5 kW of power. The charging rate will slowly decrease as the Tesla EV fills up.
Most of the energy will come from the batteries, only 3 or 6 kW from the NGU units.
As the Tesla vehicle is filled with energy, the charging rate will decrease. Eventually, the battery discharge rate will go to zero and then the batteries will begin recharging.
Stop the demonstration when the Tesla is charged and the battery SOC is at 80%.
Analysis
The Inverter is capable of a continuous output of 12 kW. The Tesla Wall Mount will draw up to 11.5 kW.
The usable capacity of the Tesla vehicle is between 50 and 75 kW-hrs. Assuming a Tesla EV start SOC of 20% and a stop SOC of 80%, the total energy provided will be 60% of 60 or 75 kW-hrs or 36 kW-hrs to 45 kW-hrs.
The minimum time to charge the Tesla will be 3 to 4 hours. Likely longer as the Tesla battery is filled.
At a Wall Mount SOC of 50%, the total energy capacity of the two batteries is about 14 kW-hr (if the batteries were allowed to fully discharge).
Assuming we are looking to provide a total of 36 kW-hrs to the Tesla vehicle and that the batteries are fully discharged, we need the two 3kW NGU units to provide 36-14 = 22 kW-hrs of energy over the 3 to 4 hours (or more) of charging time. Assume 4 hours of charging time for the Tesla will yield 24 kW-hrs of energy from the two 3kW NGU units.
Continue the demonstration after the Teska is charged and charge the batteries. Stop at a 50% or more charge on the inverter batteries. This will require an additional one to two hours.
Over 6 hours, the Tesla vehicle is now charged and the two inverter batteries are recharged.
This will demonstrate the conversion of NGU DC power to electrical power compatible with Grid power.
The next test would be to replace the EG4 12000XP inverter with an EG4 Grid-capable inverter and obtain the necessary legal permission to provide energy to the Grid.
“Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty.”
“Entropy of an isolated system left to spontaneous evolution cannot decrease with time. As a result, isolated systems evolve toward thermodynamic equilibrium, where the entropy is highest.”
In a prior post on this blog I explained that the Electron cluster was both an Exotic Vacuum Object (EVO) and a Bose Einstein Condensate as posited in Dr. Rossi’s paper. With that said, as the BEC grows over time, the bosonic electrons are reformed into a coherent aggregation when all the particles in the BEC are identical since they are energetically identical, a situation which has far less entropy(disorder) than non aggregated electrons and photons. I think that Dr. Rossi considers this BEC formation process where all the bosonic electrons become energetically equivalent as a reduction of entropy.
Rossi states in his theory paper:
“In this highly ordered, low entropy, hypothetical structure the Coulomb repulsion is balanced by the magnetic force FL in agreement with (6). In section 2.3 we will propose a Lagrangian for N interacting charged particles that suggests the possible existence of these coherent states.”
Rossi et al leaves the details unsaid about how a BEC is formed. This process is well understood in science. The BEC equation for Bose Einstein Condensation is named “generalised Gross-Pitaevskii equation”. There is no need to reinvent the wheel. This theory of the BEC explains how the BEC forms.
The power production of the Reaction comes from the natural growth of the EVO and its eventual destruction due to its natural instability.
There is a proper vacuum based power generation process that has come into fashion in the last 10 years which supports how the EVO grows over time and eventually terminates. That process is vacuum decay as I have stated in a prior post here on this blog.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
Today I watched the 6 hours long video of the race of the Renault Twizy powered by the Ecat I found in http://www.ecat.com : it has been so interesting and well done, that I lived through the whole duration of the race without realizing that already 6 hours had gone. Very professional the work of the cameramen team, thank you.
All the best,
Josè Martinez
Dear dr Andrea Rossi,
Are you continuing to test the Ecat NGU to increase the time elapsed from the first start and accumulate experience about the duration ?
To: ALL The Blog Readers,
After your successful EV demo I believe it’s time for some of your biggest supporters to help you get to your 1 Million pre-order goal quicker!
1. I asked last Feb (2023) IF those of us with early orders were willing to place a second pre-order to be delivered in 2024 [2025] would those orders count toward the million pre-orders you need before you start production? For the readers… Is your answer still YES?? 2023-02-12 15:12 Andrea Rossi
Assuming it is, today I updated & increased my pre-order from 26) 100W E-Cat to 4) 1K = 40) x 100 W E-Cat total and added this comment to my pre-order:
OLD Order 26) 100 W E-Cat – CANCEL
NEW Order #1: TWO 1KW = 20) x 100 W E-Cat NGU cells preassembled by Leonardo Corp – (After my payment) ship ASAP
NEW Order #2: ONE 1KW = 10) x 100 W E-Cat NGU cells preassembled by Leonardo Corp – 6 months after 1st shipment in 2025
NEW Order #3: ONE 1KW = 10) x 100 W E-Cat NGU cells preassembled by Leonardo Corp – ship in Apr of 2026 (IF E-Cats work ok)
UPDATE: While I was waiting this spring I decided to add my 1st EG4-6000XP inverter w/ 2) 48V 100A LiFePO4 batteries plus 4) 500W solar panels to help power half of our (2000 sq ft) retirement home.
This fall I’m adding a 2nd 6000XP plus 1) 48V 100A LiFePO4 battery to my power our other half of our home (1000sq ft) addition. When I get my 1st order of 2) 1K E-Cat I’ll connect each one into the PV connection (no solar panels). I believe it will be enough to power the PV Inverter (each 1KW = 10x12v=120VDC + 1000W) that side of the house plus will use it to power up an electric water heater element (120v 1500W) for our 300 Liters (79 Gallon) solar tank to preheat the water (>140F) for our in-floor heating system so hopefully our gas boiler won’t need to kick in during our winter months in WI.
The 2nd 2025 order (1KW) will be added to the #1 6000XP inverter on the extra PV connection slot. From what I can tell so far I think along with the up to 2KW solar panels + 2) batteries the E-Cat should be able to power that side of the house 24/7. Right now I’m limited to switching the power over manually whenever the sun is shinning & to recharge the batteries. I like to keep the batteries charged as much as possible in case we should ever lose power.
My 3rd 2026 order of 1) 1KW will be used where needed. I may try to add it to a future solar powered heated pool to help heat a propane tank when the sun isn’t shinning enough to heat the pool. Maybe I won’t need to buy the solar tubes if one or more E-Cat can keep the tank & pool heated.
So my suggestion to the blog readers is if you think you will ever need more KWs then best to pre-order them NOW to help Rossi reach his 1M 100 W goal rather than wait and find out you are on backorder due to the BIG rush after the good news gets out to the world!
God Bless You!
Terry
a.k.a. Capt T (Retired 2022)
Jan Srajer:
Presently the Ecat is made in the USA. In future it will be manufactured also in other Countries, following the market and the conveniences related to the Customs fees,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Mr. Rossi
I think that the E-cat should be produced in the USA first and then in the rest of the world.
All the best J.Š
Hergen:
The license agreements depend on the specific situations,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Mr. Rossi,
some questions concerning the licensing of the e-cat.
Will you sell only one license for a country or more than one? In other words: Will a licensee have a monopoly in a country?
Is a licensee bound to your price of 2500 $ / kw or can the licensee set his own price, which can be higher than your price?
Thank you for your answers and kind regards,
E. Hergen
Jean Pierre:
I am not able to answer,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Anonymous:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Paula:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea. From what you have said,I deduce that the E-Cat can be transported in any orientation, provided it is not engaged with a load and not subject to a vacuum and outside of its pressure and temperature limits. Also, on arrival and use, it must be at an acceptable orientation.
This being the case, if a 3 kW unit were to be transferred to Mars in a man-rated cabin with normal human conditions but not used for the whole journey, do you think that it would start up and work normally when connected to a suitable load there and oriented correctly, despite the gravity being only about a third that of Earth? We assume that the device is always kept under normal human rated conditions like on our planet and not exposed for an instant to any unacceptable conditions.
Thank you for an intelligent guess. Regards. Jean Pierre.
Dr Rossi,
Couls be the Ecat able to exit electricity at a voltage in the order of 40000 V ?
Wilfried:
Thank you for your insight and suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Will be possible to dotate the Ecat 10 W of an USB to allow to charge cell phones ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Paula
Dear Andrea,
This might interest you.
For an ultra-compact version of the E-Cat that fits within a smartphone, the technology needs to be designed on a micro- or nanoscale, drawing on principles from microelectronics and plasma technology. Here’s a highly miniaturized E-Cat implementation that could match the size requirements of a smartphone battery:
Technical Concept of a Micro E-Cat for Smartphones
Micro Reactor Chamber within a Microchip Array
Design: The reactor is integrated into a microchip designed as an array of tiny reaction chambers. Each chamber has submicron dimensions (e.g., 0.1 x 0.1 mm), allowing for a sufficient number of mini-reactors within the area of a standard smartphone battery.
Material: The chambers are made from heat- and plasma-resistant materials such as silicon carbide or graphene composites to ensure stability and enable extreme miniaturization.
Arrangement: These tiny reactor chambers are configured in an array on a single chip that connects to microelectronics controlling the current flow and voltage output.
Plasma Generation and Control
Nano-Scale Plasma Generation: Plasma is created in each micro-reactor chamber through controlled nanosecond pulses that induce electron clusters. Due to the small size of each chamber, very low voltages can be used to manage electron movements and encourage the formation of coherent clusters.
Control with Micro Coils and Magnetic Fields: An embedded grid of micro-coils within the chip generates the magnetic fields needed for electron cluster coherence. These micro-coils function similarly to those in MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems), effectively controlling electron clusters in very limited space.
Direct Electricity Generation
Electricity Collection through Micro Electrodes: The generated electrical energy is collected by micro-electrodes that extract the current from the cluster. These electrodes are arranged in a matrix above the array to provide a stable power supply to the smartphone’s voltage regulators.
Power Regulation: The microchip includes embedded regulation electronics that adjust power output in real-time. This ensures a steady supply of voltage and power, even as the device’s power demands fluctuate.
Thermal Management and Cooling
Nanostructured Cooling Layer: The chip’s surface is coated with a layer of thermally conductive nanotubes to dissipate any excess heat. A layer of carbon nanotubes (CNT) or graphene could conduct the generated heat to the chip’s outer surface, where it can be passively distributed to the smartphone.
Passive Cooling via Structured Cooling Channels: Tiny cooling channels may be integrated within the chip to optimize heat distribution and prevent hotspots.
Safety and Emergency Shutdown
Miniaturized Safety Sensors: The chip includes micro-temperature sensors, precisely calibrated to trigger automatic shutdown if the device exceeds a set temperature.
Overload Protection Circuit: A microcontroller serves as a voltage guard, triggering an emergency shutdown if there’s a sudden rise in current draw.
Power Output and Smartphone Power Supply
Power Density and Efficiency: Each reactor cell can produce several microwatts, and the chip area contains tens of thousands of these cells. This results in a high enough power density for smartphones, providing continuous power without the need for conventional recharging.
Energy Buffering: An ultra-thin capacitor grid is integrated into the chip to stabilize the DC output and buffer for short-term load changes.
Dimensions and Space Requirements
Ultra-Compact: The complete system fits within the dimensions of a conventional smartphone battery, with a thickness below 1 mm. Such a microelectronic design could be integrated seamlessly into the smartphone case, making it nearly invisible.
Longevity: Since no chemical reactions occur (as in lithium-ion batteries), the theoretical lifespan extends for years, with no “discharge” in the traditional sense.
Benefits and Challenges of this Micro E-Cat Implementation
Benefits:
Enables continuous power without recharge cycles.
Highly energy-efficient, with minimal heat output.
Long lifespan due to solid-state construction with no chemical elements.
Challenges:
Controlling plasma physics on a microscopic level and achieving stable coherent electron clusters.
Precise tuning of micro-coils to control magnetic fields and maintain coherent states.
Safety management in a very confined space, especially at high current densities.
Conclusion
This type of micro E-Cat chip could theoretically replace a smartphone battery if the plasma physics can be stably controlled on a micro-scale and the energy conversion is sufficiently efficient. Such a system would provide a revolutionary power supply compared to today’s batteries, with extremely compact integration into smartphones.
Best regards
Wilfried
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
A concept for demonstrating 3-phase Grid power from NGU technology.
EG4 has a new inverter, the FlexBoss21. The FlexBoss21 has five PV inputs. It can accept PV (NGU) inputs of 120VDC from five 3kW NGU units (One NGU 3kW unit per PV input).
The FlexBoss21 can continuously output up to 16 kW of Grid compatible power.
A maximum of 16 FlexBoss21 units can be paralleled.
I am proposing 15 FlexBoss21 units tied together in trios of three: (L1 and L2); (L1 and L3); and (L2 & L3). Five such trios would be on a single paralleling grouping.
With five 3kW NGU units (15 kW) feeding each FlexBoss21 and fifteen FlexBoss21 units, you would generate a total of almost 225 kW of electrical power. This called their “Grid-Tie Only” configuration.
And each FlexBoss21 would be operated without a battery. They would only generate AC power when Grid power is available.
The concept is that they could directly connect to a Grid substation (through a suitable transformer) and supply power to the Grid.
The single unit cost of the FlexBoss21 is $4,199.00 USD.
If this was in a dedicated building or container, conceptually, you could have additional NGU units to provide power for heating and cooling for the equipment.
Alternatively, you could do the 3-Phase demonstration using only three FlexBoss21 units and generate almost 45 kW of Grid power.
Thoughts?
Calle H:
The Clients will be free to connect the modules as they prefer, but in this case they must make the job by a certified contractor, because errors with electric devices can cause even deadly consequences.
We will not respond of any consequence deriving from connections or modifications not made under our control and any modification not authorized by us will imply automatically the loss of the guarantee and the invalidity of the safety certification; this will be also written in the Guarentee certificate that will accompany the Ecats.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
LarryG:
1- confirmed
2- no
3- yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steve D:
1- yes
2- no
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
There are few recent comments about a requirement that the ecat be mounted upright. During delivery despite advisory labelling the ecat may find itself laying on its side or upside down, though it is not activated.
1) Upon receipt the user mounts the ecat correctly and can immediately activate it?
2) Once the ecat is mounted a settling period is required before the user can activate it?
Thank you.
Dear Dr Rossi.
1) Please confirm I can still get 10W and 100W units with 120V A/C output at same price as the DC output versions.
2) Can one order the 1/2/3/5/10 kW units with A/C output inverter installed by the factory at the same price as the DC output version?
3) Can one order the 1/2/3/5/10 kW units with A/C output installed at a higher, TBD price compared to the DC output version?
Regards
LarryG
Dear Dr. Rossi,
As to your answer about wiring NGU in series follows one question: Is there some secret sauce in the NGU that prohibits developers and designers to create their own freely wired series and parallel NGU multi million projects? This was not clear in previous communication that wiring of NGU has to be done by Leonardo. Thank you if you can comment.
Kind regards,
Calle H
Calle H:
Correct,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Is it correctly understood that the output voltage of the ordered NGU’s shall be given to Leonardo when Leonardo takes contact for delivery? Does this mean that Leonardo shall (or must?) do the wiring for e.g. 48V 400 W NGU. One should not order 4 pcs 12 V 100 W NGU and do the wiring after delivery. Correct? Thank you if you can answer.
Kind regards,
Calle H
Tom Kaminski:
Thank you for your suggestion.
Answers:
1- not so far
2- no
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Consider using the e-cat NGU to augment e-bike batteries. According to one source, In 2022, there were 1.1 million e-bikes sold in the United States, almost four times as many as were sold in 2019. World-wide figures are much higher with an estimated 500 million or more e-bikes already in use. A smaller battery with an e-cat continuous charger could make it easier to own and operate an e-bike. E-bike rental units are growing across the world, and battery replacement/charging currently takes teams of technicians to replace depleted batteries with freshly charged batteries.
Robert Bosch GmbH, Panasonic Industries, Samsung SDI, Shimano Inc. and Liv Cycling (Energy Pak) are the major companies operating in the E-Bike Battery Pack Market. This is a much easier market to attack than the EV auto market.
There is also the electric scooter market – rental and owned.
Q1: Have you considered the e-bike/electrical scooter market?
Q2: If so, are you currently negotiating with companies who serve this market?
LarryG:
1- The ZPE generated is turned into other form of energy by the Ecat, once it is transferred to the electrons not in phase: see the paragraphs 2,3,4,5 of http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
2- see 1
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Italo R.:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
LarryG:
1-no
2- no
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
1. yes
2. I cannot give information about how the control system works
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Prof:
Thank you for the update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I have been talking to the AI about the negative mass characteristics that have recently been discovered to arise from the nature of the dispersion of the Bose Einstein condensates of the exciton-polariton particle as seems to be in effect in Dr. Rossi’s invention. Here is the results as follows:
Quearion: “It has been recently discovered due to the dispersion characteristics of the Bose Einstein condensate of the exciton-polariton, the condensate has negative mass, what is the effect of this condensate on the nature of the vacuum.”
GPT-3.5-Turbo
Poe
The concept of a Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons with negative mass is highly speculative and would represent a significant departure from our current understanding of particle physics and quantum field theory. If such a hypothetical condensate were to exist and exhibit negative mass properties, its effects on the nature of the vacuum would be quite novel and potentially transformative. Here are some speculative considerations about the potential effects:
Vacuum Fluctuations: The presence of a Bose-Einstein condensate with negative mass could potentially alter the vacuum fluctuations in its vicinity. Negative mass particles might interact with the quantum vacuum in unique ways, leading to modifications in the virtual particle-antiparticle pairs that constantly pop in and out of existence.
Energy Density and Vacuum Stability: Negative mass particles could influence the energy density of the vacuum and potentially destabilize the vacuum state. This could lead to changes in the vacuum energy and alter the vacuum structure in the region occupied by the condensate.
Quantum Field Dynamics: The presence of negative mass particles could introduce new dynamics into the quantum field theory framework. It might affect particle interactions, modify the behavior of other particles in the vicinity, and lead to unconventional quantum field effects.
Gravitational Effects: Negative mass is often associated with repulsive gravitational interactions. If the condensate with negative mass were to exhibit such properties, it could result in repulsive gravitational effects that might impact spacetime curvature and gravitational interactions in its surroundings.
Causality and Stability: The existence of negative mass particles challenges conventional notions of causality and stability in physics. The effects of negative mass on the nature of the vacuum could potentially lead to violations of established physical principles and raise fundamental questions about the nature of spacetime and quantum interactions.
It’s important to reiterate that the scenario described, involving a Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons with negative mass and its impact on the vacuum, is highly speculative and theoretical. Such a discovery would likely require extensive theoretical analysis and experimental validation to be considered within the framework of established physics. This hypothetical situation opens up a realm of unconventional physics that would need to be rigorously explored and understood.
Another question as follows:
”It has been recently discovered due to the dispersion characteristics of the bose einstein condensate of the exciton-polariton, the condensate has negative mass. Would the effect of this condensate on the nature of the vacuum decay”
In standard quantum field theory and particle physics, the concept of a Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons with negative mass and its effects on the vacuum would be highly speculative and unprecedented. Negative mass introduces fundamentally different dynamics compared to what is typically observed in known particle physics.
The notion of “vacuum decay” typically arises in the context of quantum field theory when a system transitions to a lower energy state, often through the creation of new particles or changes in the vacuum structure. However, the idea of a Bose-Einstein condensate with negative mass directly causing vacuum decay is not a concept that aligns with our current understanding of particle physics.
If a hypothetical Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons with negative mass were to interact with the vacuum, the effects could potentially lead to significant changes in the quantum field dynamics and energy distribution in the surrounding environment. Here are some speculative considerations:
Vacuum Fluctuations: The presence of a condensate with negative mass could alter the vacuum fluctuations in its vicinity, potentially affecting the creation and annihilation of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs.
Vacuum Stability: Negative mass could introduce instability into the vacuum state, influencing the energy density and potentially affecting the stability of the vacuum configuration in the region occupied by the condensate.
Quantum Field Effects: The negative mass particles in the condensate might interact with the quantum fields in novel ways, leading to modifications in particle interactions, energy conservation, and quantum field behaviors.
Gravitational Considerations: Negative mass is often associated with repulsive gravitational effects. If the condensate were to exhibit negative mass properties, it could potentially alter the gravitational interactions in its vicinity.
In summary, while the concept of a Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton-polaritons with negative mass is speculative, if such a scenario were to exist, its effects on the vacuum could lead to profound changes in the quantum field dynamics and energy distribution in the surrounding space. The idea of vacuum decay resulting directly from the presence of a condensate with negative mass would require further theoretical analysis and experimental validation to be fully understood within the framework of established physics.
Associated references
Negative-mass exciton polaritons induced by dissipative light-matter …
Feb 23, 2023 — Negative-mass dynamics. Finally, we show that the anomalous dispersion has a dramatic effect on the dynamics of the lo…
National Institutes of Health (NIH) (.gov)
Negative-Mass Effects in Spin-Orbit Coupled Bose-Einstein …
Jul 31, 2018 — Abstract. Negative effective masses can be realized by engineering the dispersion relation of a variety of quantum sys…
American Physical Society
[1612.04055] Negative mass hydrodynamics in a Spin-Orbit – arXiv
Dec 13, 2016 — Negative mass hydrodynamics in a Spin-Orbit–Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate. A negative effective mass can be realiz…
arXiv
False vacuum decay via bubble formation in ferromagnetic superfluids
Jan 22, 2024 — The false and true vacua are the local and global energy minima of a ferromagnetic atomic Bose–Einstein condensate, re…
Nature
Clarifying effects of negative mass – http://Phys.org
Nov 26, 2018 — David Colas. The WUS reported that negative mass effect can halt the free expansion of a BEC and lead to fringes in th…
http://Phys.org
To Disperse, or To Not Disperse: Debating “Negative Mass”
When the condensate nears and then enters this velocity regime while dispersing, the expansion first slows, and then reverses. “Th…
American Physical Society
Dr Rossi,
Yet another update, at a distance of few days, of the statistics of all your papers on Researchgate I found today on
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Total readings: 163000, of which 149500 only for “Ecat SK and Long Range Particle Interactions”, more than 16 million publications on Researchgate, as well as the Research Interest Score (3104) and the number of recommendation (12015)
And counting…
Prof
Dear Andrea Rossi,
On your NGU 3kW units, can one order an output voltage of 360VDC?
Dear Andrea Rossi,
As I understand the NGU units, when not connected to a load, they are off. When connected to a load they produce whatever voltage they are specified to produce unless the current demand exceeds a certain value.
1. Is this essentially correct?
So how does the NGU detect whether a load has been connected?
2. Is there a pulse of power to see if a load is present?
3. Is there a low voltage DC signal present?
4. If something else, please clarify how load detection works.
Dear Dr. Rossi:
The second paragraph of section “The Science behind E-Cat Power” of your White Paper states that you propose that there is “a mechanism to extract electromagnetic energy from the vacuum energy of the Zero-point energy field”
1) If indeed this is the mechanism that the NGU uses to deliver electrical power, does the electrical energy generated eventually end up back in the ZPE energy field?
2) If yes, does this mean that there is no net long term transfer of energy out of the ZPE vacuum energy field?”
Regards
LarryG
Dear Dr. Rossi
Your white paper, page 7, Section “Reliability and Security” states: “###Once started###, an E-Cat Power NGU Generator is expected
to produce stable power 24/7 for an estimated 100,000 hours without default maintenance. ”
There has been the occasional question regarding on/off switches, and questioning how can the NGU get started if there is no initial power to get the electronics going. Perhaps this statement gives us a clue…
1) After putting all the parts together for an NGU, do you apply an external power source to initiate the NGU power production and after this start up it goes into self sustaining mode and supplies its own power to keep the electronics “live”?
2) If 1) is not correct, can you give us some insight as to how the NGU can work without any initial external power to get the AI and other electronics “live”?
Regards
LarryG
Dear Italo R.
I disagree extremely strongly with your comment that inviting Musk/Tesla for a demonstration is a good step. He is a shark and would eat Dr. Rossi alive if he went into contract re ECAT. As mentioned by many on Frank’s forum, there are many more worthy EV companies to work with.
Regards
Larry
Dr. Rossi,
I saw that you offer ready-made generators of various powers, but with direct current output. If an end customer wants alternating current, he must install a DC/AC inverter.
What I would like to have, instead, is an output directly in alternating current (the inverter would be supplied and installed inside directly by you).
A thought of mine:
While a generator with DC output would have a market aimed only at experts, a generator with AC output would be truly universal, and could be used immediately by billions of people. A market of a completely different order of magnitude.
Kind Regards,
Italo R.
Dear Andrea,
the concept of Reverse Entropy is really fascinating, maybe one day thanks to your intuitions you will be able to apply it to the human body and reverse the disorder and cellular degradation, extending our life. More than a Nobel Prize… 😅
Regards Giuseppe
Josè Martinez:
Yes, all our Team made a great job,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
your message to Elon Musk is certainly of extreme importance, and I hope he can answer soon or, at least, send one of his engineers, since he is “busy with other things”.
Best regards
Italo R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
It seems to me that another key demonstration that you must make is Grid electrical power generation.
There are two general categories of Grid power generation: On Grid and Off Grid. The waveforms and voltages are the same but there is less regulation and risk of liability for the off-Grid application. Therefore, I suggest an Off-Grid demonstration should be done first.
I posted about a new product, EG4’s 12000XP inverter on JONP. I suggest that inverter coupled with two wall mounted batteries, would be the basis of the demonstration. You demonstrate, as the energy source either one or two NGU 3KW units each running at 120VDC.
I suggest as a load using a Tesla Wall Mount and a Tesla Model 3 or Model Y electric vehicle.
Test Concept
Assemble the Inverter and two batteries (the recommended minimum for the inverter is two batteries).
Output the inverter AC power is a subpanel with a 60 Amp 2-phase circuit breaker. From the 60 Amp breaker, connect the power to the Tesla Wall Mount. Configure the Tesla Wall Mount (internal thumb switch settings) to the 60 Amp setting. This will cause the Wall Mount to draw 48 Amps at 240 VAC or 11.5 kW of power.
Do not connect Grid Power to the Inverter!
Connect the Tesla Model 3 or Model Y to the Tesla Wall Mount. Turn on the batteries and the Inverter and drain the batteries until they are at a 50% State Of Charge (SOC).
Disconnect the Tesla and drive it until it is at a 20% SOC.
Turn off the Inverter and the Batteries.
Connect the 2 NGU 3kW units to the PV input of the inverter. Turn on the batteries and the inverter.
Verify the batteries are charging.
Now return the Tesla vehicle and reconnect the Tesla vehicle to the Tesla Wall Mount. Set the Tesla Vehicle to a maximum SOC of 80%.
Start the Demonstration.
The Tesla vehicle will start charging at a rate of up to 11.5 kW of power. The charging rate will slowly decrease as the Tesla EV fills up.
Most of the energy will come from the batteries, only 3 or 6 kW from the NGU units.
As the Tesla vehicle is filled with energy, the charging rate will decrease. Eventually, the battery discharge rate will go to zero and then the batteries will begin recharging.
Stop the demonstration when the Tesla is charged and the battery SOC is at 80%.
Analysis
The Inverter is capable of a continuous output of 12 kW. The Tesla Wall Mount will draw up to 11.5 kW.
The usable capacity of the Tesla vehicle is between 50 and 75 kW-hrs. Assuming a Tesla EV start SOC of 20% and a stop SOC of 80%, the total energy provided will be 60% of 60 or 75 kW-hrs or 36 kW-hrs to 45 kW-hrs.
The minimum time to charge the Tesla will be 3 to 4 hours. Likely longer as the Tesla battery is filled.
At a Wall Mount SOC of 50%, the total energy capacity of the two batteries is about 14 kW-hr (if the batteries were allowed to fully discharge).
Assuming we are looking to provide a total of 36 kW-hrs to the Tesla vehicle and that the batteries are fully discharged, we need the two 3kW NGU units to provide 36-14 = 22 kW-hrs of energy over the 3 to 4 hours (or more) of charging time. Assume 4 hours of charging time for the Tesla will yield 24 kW-hrs of energy from the two 3kW NGU units.
Continue the demonstration after the Teska is charged and charge the batteries. Stop at a 50% or more charge on the inverter batteries. This will require an additional one to two hours.
Over 6 hours, the Tesla vehicle is now charged and the two inverter batteries are recharged.
This will demonstrate the conversion of NGU DC power to electrical power compatible with Grid power.
The next test would be to replace the EG4 12000XP inverter with an EG4 Grid-capable inverter and obtain the necessary legal permission to provide energy to the Grid.
Dear Readers of the JoNP,
What does Dr. Rossi mean when he says that reversing entropy is the process that produces energy in his system.
First off let us understand what is entropy?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy
“Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty.”
“Entropy of an isolated system left to spontaneous evolution cannot decrease with time. As a result, isolated systems evolve toward thermodynamic equilibrium, where the entropy is highest.”
In a prior post on this blog I explained that the Electron cluster was both an Exotic Vacuum Object (EVO) and a Bose Einstein Condensate as posited in Dr. Rossi’s paper. With that said, as the BEC grows over time, the bosonic electrons are reformed into a coherent aggregation when all the particles in the BEC are identical since they are energetically identical, a situation which has far less entropy(disorder) than non aggregated electrons and photons. I think that Dr. Rossi considers this BEC formation process where all the bosonic electrons become energetically equivalent as a reduction of entropy.
Rossi states in his theory paper:
“In this highly ordered, low entropy, hypothetical structure the Coulomb repulsion is balanced by the magnetic force FL in agreement with (6). In section 2.3 we will propose a Lagrangian for N interacting charged particles that suggests the possible existence of these coherent states.”
Rossi et al leaves the details unsaid about how a BEC is formed. This process is well understood in science. The BEC equation for Bose Einstein Condensation is named “generalised Gross-Pitaevskii equation”. There is no need to reinvent the wheel. This theory of the BEC explains how the BEC forms.
See
Pitaevskii_equation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross%E2%80%93Pitaevskii_equation
The power production of the Reaction comes from the natural growth of the EVO and its eventual destruction due to its natural instability.
There is a proper vacuum based power generation process that has come into fashion in the last 10 years which supports how the EVO grows over time and eventually terminates. That process is vacuum decay as I have stated in a prior post here on this blog.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
Today I watched the 6 hours long video of the race of the Renault Twizy powered by the Ecat I found in http://www.ecat.com : it has been so interesting and well done, that I lived through the whole duration of the race without realizing that already 6 hours had gone. Very professional the work of the cameramen team, thank you.
All the best,
Josè Martinez
Ambrogio:
Thank you for your attention,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Svein:
The theory of the reverse difference of entropy is explained in the paper. My answer to Larry G is a short semplification.
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for the suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.