The demonstration in Latina with Twizy electric vehicles marked a significant breakthrough, also attracting the interest of car manufacturers.
It is reasonable to expect that in the near future your partner will sell E-Cat-NGU generators for all electric cars in the world, tapping into an incredibly large market with substantial economic potential.
This development also promises immense benefits for both people and the environment.
Of course, each vehicle will be equipped with an electronic interface that connects the generator to the internal circuits, creating a system similar to the one developed by the esteemed engineer Maico Marzocchi.
Dear Andrea, do you think that your discovery, as outcome of many years of research and testing, is the final step in this new energu world or much has to come yet ?
My best wishes for a fruitful 2025.
Enrico
Starting with your suggestion to employing a 19 rack to house the E-Cat NGU Power Generators, I did a conceptual design. A Hammond Manufacturing RM4U1922VBK enclosure could support a single SKL-NGU-5K Power Generator. There is not enough space to support two 5K units. Note the enclosure interior is approximately 6.5″ high by 16.3″ wide by about 21″ deep.
Dear Dr Rossi
Would it be possible to design the Ecat modules in a 19inch rack format as this would allow a method of standardising installation for larger systems. Also this would allow us to design hot swappable modules that can be removed while the other modules are alive and the whole system does not need to be shut down.
This would also help us to design a mix of batteries and Ecat modules a cabinet format especially for loads that have peaky loads and thus reduce the number of Ecats that we need. Of course over time as the Ecats drop in cost this may not be required.
A moment ago, thinking about the next weekend in the mountains, I reflected and imagined a mountaineer ascending K2 above the death line, maybe at -40 °C with a wind of 100 Kmh, with a 100w NGU in his pocket connected to his high mountain suite. Fantasy or next business?
“According to estimates, a Tesla Gigafactory consumes around 100 megawatts (MW) of power at peak capacity, which translates to roughly 2,400 megawatt-hours (MWh) of electricity per day, equivalent to the power usage of about 80,000 homes.”
“In its 7 factories, which Tesla calls Gigafactories, Tesla employs over 127,000 people worldwide as of 2023. These employees work around the globe to make the vision of a sustainable future a reality. Each production site plays a unique role in the Tesla production system.”
The Mexico Gigafactory is in the development phase. Perhaps a 100MW eCat NGU substation would make a nice development project?
Assuming 0.025USD per kiloWatt-hr as the average lifetime rate of NGU, the cost in electricity would be $60,000. This does not include the initial cost of running power to the Gigafactory.
Assuming a Grid cost of $0.10USD per kiloWatt-hr, the daily Grid cost would be $240,000. This would result in a daily savings of $180,000. Payoff in under 4 years.
Andrea Rossi
January 8, 2025 at 9:30 AM
H. Mueller,
I stay well away from politics.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
:-)) the best answer.
In the world, only those who can’t do anything, go into politics!
This is well known but someone has to do it!!
As @Svein said, I noticed that on social media there is an increase in ADS for devices that make you save on consumption or that promise great returns.
I can also say with certainty that the articles published on the “promise” of a “nuclear fusion” that will soon be usable are multiplying.
Very interesting……do they want to raise a fuss before the arrival of the NGU???
In the NGU Data sheet we read that the voltage of the basic 10W NGU is 12 volt. Is this voltage the result of the physics that create the electron flow inside the NGU? or is the 12V the output of the electronic circuit that controls the NGU?
If it is due to the physics, why is it 12V? If it is not exactly 12.0 V what is the exact voltage?
Regarding the design, so far only the design of the 10w unit and the 3kw unit are visible on your website. Could you perhaps add photos of all the units available to order?
Some pretty amazing numbers. Please check my math:
The Ecat’s expected operational lifespan is at least 100k hours, which, for the 10kw version is an output of 1,000,000 kWh. At 16 cents, the average cost of electricity in the US, that equals $160,000 worth of electricity for $25,000. This implies a return of 6 times your investment. Put another way, the Ecat will produce electricity for 2.5 cents/kWh or less.
And if the working life is longer, the return is even greater.
Thomas R:
So far the design of the modules have not been changed; obviously if and when it will be modified, will be given to the public due information.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Domenico Canino,
Maico Marzocchi is not an employee of Leonardo Corporation. We choose him as the ERV ( Expert Responsible for Validation ) for the race of Latina because he is an expert of electronic engineering and an appassionate owner of the Twizy used in the race of Latina. He works many years since in one of the most important industries of Italy as a responsible of electronic engineering.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello Mr. Rossi.
Are there any finished designs of what the individual devices will look like that can be pre-ordered? Or do we still need to coordinate with the new partner on this?
Dr Rossi,
Today the stats of your publications I found on the paper http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
reached the following numbers:
Total Readings: 168137, of which 154010 only for “Ecat SK and Long Range Particle_Interactions
Theses numbers are higher than all the millions of publications on Researchgate
And counting…
Best Regards,
Prof
2025-01-07 08:55 Franz Schneider
Dr Rossi,
In the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
in paragraph 2.1 you have disclosed a key point: correct ?
Best
2025-01-07 13:56 Andrea Rossi
Franz Schneider:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Explaining this post and the section of Dr. Rossi’s theory paper that it references as follows:
The explanation of this method to extract energy from the vacuum is centered on the Casimir effect where a volume of lowered virtual particle activity is used to set up an energy difference in the vacuum where energy will flow from the higher energy density region to the lower energy region.
Using metal plates that were initially used to demonstrate the Casimir effect cannot accomplish this objective. Section 2.1 defines a method to dynamically impose a lower level of virtual particle activity in a volume of the vacuum using quantum field methods such as charge separation. But this zone of reduced virtual particle activity must be switched on and off at a high rate on an ongoing basis to allow a measurable amount of vacuum energy to flow from high energy potential to the zone of lower vacuum energy potential.
See this video for an excellent explanation of how vacuum energy can be extracted
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rh898Yr5YZ8&t=43s
I do not see how this rapid switching off and on of virtual particle power density like the fuel combustion produced by the firing of a spark plug in a cylinder of an engine to produce power is accomplish using prolonged periods of charge separation in a vacuum within a plasma. A plasma maintains electrons and ions to exist in perpetual state of charge separation. No switching off an on is possible.
I beleive that there is another mechanism that is involved to create a zone of negative vacuum energy potential. This method is based on the assumption that the cluster involved is actually a Exciton-polariton condensate (BEC), which has recently been found to produce negative energy photons.
This paper explains how negative energy is generated in a BEC.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-36618-6
Negative-mass exciton polaritons induced by dissipative light-matter coupling in an atomically thin semiconductor
Abstract
Dispersion engineering is a powerful and versatile tool that can vary the speed of light signals and induce negative-mass effects in the dynamics of particles and quasiparticles. Here, we show that dissipative coupling between bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) and photons in an optical microcavity can lead to the formation of exciton polaritons with an inverted dispersion of the lower polariton branch and hence, a negative mass. We perform direct measurements of the anomalous dispersion in atomically thin (monolayer) WS2 crystals embedded in planar microcavities and demonstrate that the propagation direction of the negative-mass polaritons is opposite to their momentum. Our study introduces the concept of non-Hermitian dispersion engineering for exciton polaritons and opens a pathway for realizing new phases of quantum matter in a solid state.
The rapid switching of this negative vacuum potential is inherent in its nature. This state of negative vacuum energy is not stable. When this zone of negative vacuum energy is produced, a domain wall encapsulates it to maintain the zone of negative vacuum energy. This bubble expanses naturally on its own over time and eventually becomes unstable, then explodes in what is called a bosenova due to a rupture of the domain wall where the difference in vacuum energy is transferred to the electrons and photons that come out of the BEC.
Dr. Rossi has found a way over 5 years of work to transform this random explosion of energy into a useable flow of electrical current.
Dear Andrea and JNPs readers.
More people who have ordered E-Cat are now calling for deliveries. This is understandable if these are now without the necessary electrical energy. We must all have respect for the extensive and difficult situation a producer of this new, little-tried and revolutionary technology faces.
Here are a few crucial points:
1. It must be carefully considered when and how a presentation of this new product will be launched in front of billions of people.
2. This includes both those with a great need for the product in order to survive in day-to-day life and those who only want a better solution than the current one.
3. There are also large economic forces that will try to prevent E-Cat from taking over parts of their existing markets.
4. A new production device must be delivered and tested. The first manufactured units must be thoroughly tested and ensured that the promised functions are available. Here, life expectancy will be a significant challenge.
5. Large possible customers must also be prioritized for necessary tests before orders can be placed.
6. Preventing the first devices to hit the market from being illegally copied will also be a significant challenge. There are great nations that ignore the borders and rights of others.
7. An extensive dealer and service network must be established.
8. Adjustments to all nations’ local regulations must be made.
The processes are underway, but much will necessarily take time. Be patient!
Svein
Richard:
Thank you for your trust.
We take notice of your suggestion; yes, I watched the news of the fire.
We are making all our efforts to accelerate the deliveries.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
As you know, we are having catastrophic fires here in California due to high winds. Often, these fires are started by power lines that are blown down by the wind causing arcs that start the fires. These entire areas will need to be rebuilt. It would be a great blessing if your partner could announce that ecats will be available to supply power to these areas when they are rebuilt so that there will be no need for these wind-vulnerable power lines in the future. Best wishes.
Dear Dr. Rossi!
Nowadays it is fashionable to be politically neutral. But great inventors and researchers such as Einstein and Tesla were not and openly declared their support for socialism.
I hope it is the same with you, Mr Rossi.
Small Nuclear Reactors (SMRs) are being design, and some prototyped. Their thermal output is usually between 5 MW and 400 MW. Using Carnot cycle them can produced about 1/4 of that energy into electricity.
They are expensive, they take too long to develop – usually 10 years and triple their planned costs – perhaps a billon USD each. Ecat NGU can compete with them.
US electricity consumption is about 4,000 TW-hr per year. Approximately 0.5 TW on the average.
Dear Andrea, God bless you, can you comment on when the first pre-order payment requests have or will be made, and the possible time scale for the first deliveries of the E-Cat to waiting customers?. Incidentally, this message is written within a short distance of Broomfield in Somerset,England, where Andrew Cross, a pioneer of electricity in the early 19th century, conducted his experiments.Two centuries later and this wonderful energy is set to reemerage more powerfully than ever before, thanks to your belief and persistence.
Dear Andre
ZPE represents the second major “energy revolution” in human history.
The first was when work became possible to be done by machines that burn organic materials created by solar energy and the planet’s climatic conditions over many millions of years.
In the past, all work depended on human and animal muscles. These were fueled by food which was essentially the result of the last year’s solar energy.
The ZPE is clearly completely independent of our solar system and our galaxy.
This means that this energy will be considered infinite both in terms of quantity and time.
It is also special that ZPE now exists at the same time as AI becomes available to humanity. This combination significantly expands the possibilities and makes the results more predictable.
The fact that ZPE seems to be able to bring a solution to a global climate problem where humanity, for now, cannot agree on real solutions, increases the relevance of ZPE.
When the E-Cat is available on the market, many opinions and hopes will probably be presented.
The first comprehensive reaction will be the immediate choice of many investors to withhold investment in the traditional energy sources and energy transport systems.
This is far more sensitive than actual changes to our extensive, existing and functioning energy systems.
Svein
Zitterbewegung seems to be popular with the LENR theory people to attribute the mechanism for why electrons can form clusters. For instance, Holmlid uses Zitterbewegung to calculate the orbit of electrons that form around ultra-dense hydrogen.
Zitterbewegung is controversial in science because, while predicted by the Dirac equation in quantum mechanics, it describes a rapid “trembling” motion of an electron that has never been directly observed, and its interpretation regarding whether it represents a real physical phenomenon or a mathematical artifact remains debated among physicists; essentially, it’s unclear whether this “jittery” motion actually exists in reality or is just a result of the mathematical framework used to describe the electron.
Despite being predicted by theory, no experiment has definitively detected Zitterbewegung directly.
Some physicists argue that Zitterbewegung is simply a mathematical consequence of the Dirac equation and doesn’t represent a physical reality, while others believe it could be related to the internal structure of an electron.
When calculating the expectation values of a wave packet composed entirely of positive or negative energy states, the Zitterbewegung effect disappears, further fueling the debate.
Some researchers claim to have observed indirect evidence of Zitterbewegung through simulations in systems that mimic a free Dirac particle, like trapped ion experiments.
It is hard to make any sense out of this issue because the concepts involved and the associated physics has changed so much over the years from the time of Dirac until today.
I have issues with this old style concept of Zitterbewegung because this vibration of the electron cannot be experimentally verified by science. Furthermore, Zitterbewegung contradicts the vibrational Higgs field mechanism that science now believes is thought to give mass to fermions.
Proof of Zitterbewegung is thought to be found experimentally to occur in atomic Bose Einstein condensates. This behavior of BECs is given as proof that electrons also will demonstrate Zitterbewegung since BECs are used to simulate particles that follow the Dirac equations. Here is an example of such a proof claim.
Direct observation of zitterbewegung in a Bose–Einstein condensate
Abstract.
Zitterbewegung, a force-free trembling motion first predicted for relativistic fermions like electrons, was an unexpected consequence of the Dirac equation’s unification of quantum mechanics and special relativity. Though the oscillatory motion’s large frequency and small amplitude have precluded its measurement with electrons, zitterbewegung is observable via quantum simulation. We engineered an environment for 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensates where the constituent atoms behaved like relativistic particles subject to the one-dimensional Dirac equation. With direct imaging, we observed the submicrometre trembling motion of these clouds, demonstrating the utility of neutral ultracold quantum gases for simulating Dirac particles.
If Zitterbewegung is the cause of the formation of particle clusters, then the proper cause of this cluster formation should rightly be directly attributed to BECs of electron based quasiparticles and not to electrons.
This makes sense because BECs are not fermions; they are Bosons which can support clustering whereas electrons are fermions which cannot support clustering since no two fermions can assume the same quantum state.
In current particle physics theory, electrons can be in many places at once: electrons cannot be localized in any one spot. Therefore they cannot be localized in a cluster.
Furthermore, electrons must be localized by forming a quasiparticle (exciton-polariton) with a boson. That boson is the photon likely used to localize the electron in the Rossi reaction.
The old style way to counter the Dirac based non local electron existence can be found in the following passage that has been extracted from the book Parallel Worlds, by Michio Kaku:
Because of uncertainty, the electron does not exist at any single point, but exists in all possible points around the nucleus. This electron “cloud” surrounding the nucleus represents the electron being in many places at the same time…… Modern civilization would collapse, in fact, if electrons were not allowed to be in two places at the same time. (The molecules of our body would also collapse without this bizarre principle. Imagine two solar systems colliding in space, obeying Newton’s laws of gravity. The colliding solar systems would collapse into a chaotic jumble of planets and asteroids. Similarly, if the atoms obeyed Newton’s laws, they would disintegrate whenever they bumped into another atom. What keeps two atoms locked in a stable molecule is the fact that electrons can simultaneously be in so many places at the same time that they form an electron “cloud” which binds the atoms together. Thus, the reason why molecules are stable and the universe does not disintegrate is that electrons can be in many places at the same time.)
These days, the new field theory way to look at electron non-localization goes as follows:
Like so many of his colleagues, Michio Kaku has written yet another “layman” book that you can safely dispose of without feeling bad. Modern physics doesn’t deal in “electron clouds” any longer. That’s an 80 year old paradigm that has outlived its usefulness. Today we are talking about quantum fields. A quantum field (more precisely THE quantum field) is an object that extends across the entire universe. An electron is a quantum of that quantum field, i.e. it can be thought of as a measurable state of this quantum field (in the free particle picture) and more generally, it’s a representation of the discretized state change if this field from one of its (local observer dependent) states to another.
What does the AI say about this Zitterbewegung issue…
Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are used to demonstrate the existence of Zitterbewegung in electrons because they provide a highly controlled and tunable environment where the behavior of atoms can be manipulated to mimic the relativistic effects seen in electrons, allowing scientists to directly observe the “jittery” motion characteristic of Zitterbewegung, which is otherwise too small and fast to detect directly in real electrons due to their tiny scale.
BECs act as a quantum simulator, where the properties of the ultra-cold atoms can be engineered to behave like other quantum systems, like relativistic electrons, allowing researchers to study phenomena that are difficult to observe directly. Unlike in real electrons, the “zitterbewegung” in a BEC can be observed on a much larger scale due to the relatively large size of the atomic cloud, enabling direct imaging and measurement.
By manipulating the trapping potentials and laser fields within the BEC, scientists can control the effective mass and interactions of the atoms, allowing them to study different aspects of Zitterbewegung.
Dr. Rossi’s theory could be made consistent with current condensed matter science of clustering by going with the BEC theory of electron aggregation.
This is done by causing electrons to transition into boson by using optical resonance.
The Bose-Einstein condensate theory of electron aggregation describes a phenomenon where, under confinement in a cavity with photons, a large number of electrons, behaving as bosons (particles with integer spin), occupy the same quantum state, essentially merging into a single, coherent wave function, leading to a collective behavior where they act as one entity rather than individual particles; this is analogous to how atoms in a BEC behave, forming a “superfluid” with unique properties like frictionless flow.
Lastly, the Dirac take on Zitterbewegung cannot explain how the Rossi reaction can produce a blinding amount of light when active, but the electron BEC theory can. This observation could lend cause to reconsider the application of the old style Dirac theory of Zitterbewegung as applied to the Rossi theory.
1) Ideally, with your new partner, they will be able to lighten your load in terms of New Application Development and Productization, and give you more time for Research. Have you found any of that to be true yet?
2) In terms of Research, one of the R&D areas where the E-Cat can maintain a lead over potential competitors would be to continually increase Power-Density and reduce Production-Cost (analogous to the path taken by transistors, from Day-1 until now). Is increased Power-Density something you’re considering in your Research Roadmap?
3) Do you think, for instance, I could ever buy an E-Cat Powered, 1.5v “10-Year AAA Battery”? 😉
Dr. Rossi,
The demonstration in Latina with Twizy electric vehicles marked a significant breakthrough, also attracting the interest of car manufacturers.
It is reasonable to expect that in the near future your partner will sell E-Cat-NGU generators for all electric cars in the world, tapping into an incredibly large market with substantial economic potential.
This development also promises immense benefits for both people and the environment.
Of course, each vehicle will be equipped with an electronic interface that connects the generator to the internal circuits, creating a system similar to the one developed by the esteemed engineer Maico Marzocchi.
Kind Regards,
Italo R.
Dear Andrea, do you think that your discovery, as outcome of many years of research and testing, is the final step in this new energu world or much has to come yet ?
My best wishes for a fruitful 2025.
Enrico
Genevieve Arnoux:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
manuel cilia,
Starting with your suggestion to employing a 19 rack to house the E-Cat NGU Power Generators, I did a conceptual design. A Hammond Manufacturing RM4U1922VBK enclosure could support a single SKL-NGU-5K Power Generator. There is not enough space to support two 5K units. Note the enclosure interior is approximately 6.5″ high by 16.3″ wide by about 21″ deep.
Dr Rossi,
Did you receive also pre-orders for 1 MW plants ?
Manuel Cilia:
Thank you for the suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
LarryG:
To manufacture the Ecats it is necessary to have all the necessary authorizations and certifications,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi
1)Is the new partner’s manufacturing site ISO 9001 certified?
2) Including R&D?
Best Regards, LarryG
Dear Dr Rossi
Would it be possible to design the Ecat modules in a 19inch rack format as this would allow a method of standardising installation for larger systems. Also this would allow us to design hot swappable modules that can be removed while the other modules are alive and the whole system does not need to be shut down.
This would also help us to design a mix of batteries and Ecat modules a cabinet format especially for loads that have peaky loads and thus reduce the number of Ecats that we need. Of course over time as the Ecats drop in cost this may not be required.
Frank Acland,
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Does your new partner have a department that is devoted to marketing, advertising and public communications?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Gian Luca:
I am not able to answer,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Gian Luca:
Crystal ball, please ?
Warm Regards,
A.R.
A moment ago, thinking about the next weekend in the mountains, I reflected and imagined a mountaineer ascending K2 above the death line, maybe at -40 °C with a wind of 100 Kmh, with a 100w NGU in his pocket connected to his high mountain suite. Fantasy or next business?
Cheers from Italy
Dear Andrea Rossi,
“According to estimates, a Tesla Gigafactory consumes around 100 megawatts (MW) of power at peak capacity, which translates to roughly 2,400 megawatt-hours (MWh) of electricity per day, equivalent to the power usage of about 80,000 homes.”
“In its 7 factories, which Tesla calls Gigafactories, Tesla employs over 127,000 people worldwide as of 2023. These employees work around the globe to make the vision of a sustainable future a reality. Each production site plays a unique role in the Tesla production system.”
The Mexico Gigafactory is in the development phase. Perhaps a 100MW eCat NGU substation would make a nice development project?
Assuming 0.025USD per kiloWatt-hr as the average lifetime rate of NGU, the cost in electricity would be $60,000. This does not include the initial cost of running power to the Gigafactory.
Assuming a Grid cost of $0.10USD per kiloWatt-hr, the daily Grid cost would be $240,000. This would result in a daily savings of $180,000. Payoff in under 4 years.
Thoughts?
Andrea Rossi
January 8, 2025 at 9:30 AM
H. Mueller,
I stay well away from politics.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
:-)) the best answer.
In the world, only those who can’t do anything, go into politics!
This is well known but someone has to do it!!
As @Svein said, I noticed that on social media there is an increase in ADS for devices that make you save on consumption or that promise great returns.
I can also say with certainty that the articles published on the “promise” of a “nuclear fusion” that will soon be usable are multiplying.
Very interesting……do they want to raise a fuss before the arrival of the NGU???
Calle H:
Sorry, this information is restricted,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
In the NGU Data sheet we read that the voltage of the basic 10W NGU is 12 volt. Is this voltage the result of the physics that create the electron flow inside the NGU? or is the 12V the output of the electronic circuit that controls the NGU?
If it is due to the physics, why is it 12V? If it is not exactly 12.0 V what is the exact voltage?
Thank you if you can answer.
Kind regards,
Calle H
Jim Rice:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Thomas R:
Will do,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Regarding the design, so far only the design of the 10w unit and the 3kw unit are visible on your website. Could you perhaps add photos of all the units available to order?
Some pretty amazing numbers. Please check my math:
The Ecat’s expected operational lifespan is at least 100k hours, which, for the 10kw version is an output of 1,000,000 kWh. At 16 cents, the average cost of electricity in the US, that equals $160,000 worth of electricity for $25,000. This implies a return of 6 times your investment. Put another way, the Ecat will produce electricity for 2.5 cents/kWh or less.
And if the working life is longer, the return is even greater.
Prof:
Thank you for the update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Thomas R:
So far the design of the modules have not been changed; obviously if and when it will be modified, will be given to the public due information.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Domenico Canino,
Maico Marzocchi is not an employee of Leonardo Corporation. We choose him as the ERV ( Expert Responsible for Validation ) for the race of Latina because he is an expert of electronic engineering and an appassionate owner of the Twizy used in the race of Latina. He works many years since in one of the most important industries of Italy as a responsible of electronic engineering.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea,
a little curiosity: will the new partner also hire Maico Marzocchi?
I hope to see the cat out of the bag soon!
Hello Mr. Rossi.
Are there any finished designs of what the individual devices will look like that can be pre-ordered? Or do we still need to coordinate with the new partner on this?
Regards
TH.R.
Dr Rossi,
Today the stats of your publications I found on the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
reached the following numbers:
Total Readings: 168137, of which 154010 only for “Ecat SK and Long Range Particle_Interactions
Theses numbers are higher than all the millions of publications on Researchgate
And counting…
Best Regards,
Prof
Axil:
Good points,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
2025-01-07 08:55 Franz Schneider
Dr Rossi,
In the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
in paragraph 2.1 you have disclosed a key point: correct ?
Best
2025-01-07 13:56 Andrea Rossi
Franz Schneider:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Explaining this post and the section of Dr. Rossi’s theory paper that it references as follows:
The explanation of this method to extract energy from the vacuum is centered on the Casimir effect where a volume of lowered virtual particle activity is used to set up an energy difference in the vacuum where energy will flow from the higher energy density region to the lower energy region.
Using metal plates that were initially used to demonstrate the Casimir effect cannot accomplish this objective. Section 2.1 defines a method to dynamically impose a lower level of virtual particle activity in a volume of the vacuum using quantum field methods such as charge separation. But this zone of reduced virtual particle activity must be switched on and off at a high rate on an ongoing basis to allow a measurable amount of vacuum energy to flow from high energy potential to the zone of lower vacuum energy potential.
See this video for an excellent explanation of how vacuum energy can be extracted
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rh898Yr5YZ8&t=43s
I do not see how this rapid switching off and on of virtual particle power density like the fuel combustion produced by the firing of a spark plug in a cylinder of an engine to produce power is accomplish using prolonged periods of charge separation in a vacuum within a plasma. A plasma maintains electrons and ions to exist in perpetual state of charge separation. No switching off an on is possible.
I beleive that there is another mechanism that is involved to create a zone of negative vacuum energy potential. This method is based on the assumption that the cluster involved is actually a Exciton-polariton condensate (BEC), which has recently been found to produce negative energy photons.
This paper explains how negative energy is generated in a BEC.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-36618-6
Negative-mass exciton polaritons induced by dissipative light-matter coupling in an atomically thin semiconductor
Abstract
Dispersion engineering is a powerful and versatile tool that can vary the speed of light signals and induce negative-mass effects in the dynamics of particles and quasiparticles. Here, we show that dissipative coupling between bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) and photons in an optical microcavity can lead to the formation of exciton polaritons with an inverted dispersion of the lower polariton branch and hence, a negative mass. We perform direct measurements of the anomalous dispersion in atomically thin (monolayer) WS2 crystals embedded in planar microcavities and demonstrate that the propagation direction of the negative-mass polaritons is opposite to their momentum. Our study introduces the concept of non-Hermitian dispersion engineering for exciton polaritons and opens a pathway for realizing new phases of quantum matter in a solid state.
The rapid switching of this negative vacuum potential is inherent in its nature. This state of negative vacuum energy is not stable. When this zone of negative vacuum energy is produced, a domain wall encapsulates it to maintain the zone of negative vacuum energy. This bubble expanses naturally on its own over time and eventually becomes unstable, then explodes in what is called a bosenova due to a rupture of the domain wall where the difference in vacuum energy is transferred to the electrons and photons that come out of the BEC.
Dr. Rossi has found a way over 5 years of work to transform this random explosion of energy into a useable flow of electrical current.
Svein:
Thank yiu for your suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea and JNPs readers.
More people who have ordered E-Cat are now calling for deliveries. This is understandable if these are now without the necessary electrical energy. We must all have respect for the extensive and difficult situation a producer of this new, little-tried and revolutionary technology faces.
Here are a few crucial points:
1. It must be carefully considered when and how a presentation of this new product will be launched in front of billions of people.
2. This includes both those with a great need for the product in order to survive in day-to-day life and those who only want a better solution than the current one.
3. There are also large economic forces that will try to prevent E-Cat from taking over parts of their existing markets.
4. A new production device must be delivered and tested. The first manufactured units must be thoroughly tested and ensured that the promised functions are available. Here, life expectancy will be a significant challenge.
5. Large possible customers must also be prioritized for necessary tests before orders can be placed.
6. Preventing the first devices to hit the market from being illegally copied will also be a significant challenge. There are great nations that ignore the borders and rights of others.
7. An extensive dealer and service network must be established.
8. Adjustments to all nations’ local regulations must be made.
The processes are underway, but much will necessarily take time. Be patient!
Svein
Richard:
Thank you for your trust.
We take notice of your suggestion; yes, I watched the news of the fire.
We are making all our efforts to accelerate the deliveries.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
As you know, we are having catastrophic fires here in California due to high winds. Often, these fires are started by power lines that are blown down by the wind causing arcs that start the fires. These entire areas will need to be rebuilt. It would be a great blessing if your partner could announce that ecats will be available to supply power to these areas when they are rebuilt so that there will be no need for these wind-vulnerable power lines in the future. Best wishes.
Steven N. Karels:
Thank you for the insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
H. Mueller,
I stay well away from politics.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi!
Nowadays it is fashionable to be politically neutral. But great inventors and researchers such as Einstein and Tesla were not and openly declared their support for socialism.
I hope it is the same with you, Mr Rossi.
Albert Einstein: Why Socialism?
https://sascha313.wordpress.com/2014/11/21/albert-einstein-warum-sozialismus-2/ (everyone can set their own language at the top right)
Best regards
H.Müller
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Replacing small nuclear reactors (SNR)
Small Nuclear Reactors (SMRs) are being design, and some prototyped. Their thermal output is usually between 5 MW and 400 MW. Using Carnot cycle them can produced about 1/4 of that energy into electricity.
They are expensive, they take too long to develop – usually 10 years and triple their planned costs – perhaps a billon USD each. Ecat NGU can compete with them.
US electricity consumption is about 4,000 TW-hr per year. Approximately 0.5 TW on the average.
Thoughts?
David-UK:
I am not yet able to respond, but it will happen as soon as possible.
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea, God bless you, can you comment on when the first pre-order payment requests have or will be made, and the possible time scale for the first deliveries of the E-Cat to waiting customers?. Incidentally, this message is written within a short distance of Broomfield in Somerset,England, where Andrew Cross, a pioneer of electricity in the early 19th century, conducted his experiments.Two centuries later and this wonderful energy is set to reemerage more powerfully than ever before, thanks to your belief and persistence.
Franz Schneider:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Svein:
Thank you for your attention to our work,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
In the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
in paragraph 2.1 you have disclosed a key point: correct ?
Best
Dear Andre
ZPE represents the second major “energy revolution” in human history.
The first was when work became possible to be done by machines that burn organic materials created by solar energy and the planet’s climatic conditions over many millions of years.
In the past, all work depended on human and animal muscles. These were fueled by food which was essentially the result of the last year’s solar energy.
The ZPE is clearly completely independent of our solar system and our galaxy.
This means that this energy will be considered infinite both in terms of quantity and time.
It is also special that ZPE now exists at the same time as AI becomes available to humanity. This combination significantly expands the possibilities and makes the results more predictable.
The fact that ZPE seems to be able to bring a solution to a global climate problem where humanity, for now, cannot agree on real solutions, increases the relevance of ZPE.
When the E-Cat is available on the market, many opinions and hopes will probably be presented.
The first comprehensive reaction will be the immediate choice of many investors to withhold investment in the traditional energy sources and energy transport systems.
This is far more sensitive than actual changes to our extensive, existing and functioning energy systems.
Svein
1- yes
2- yes
3- We am not able to answer so far
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards
A.R.
Zitterbewegung seems to be popular with the LENR theory people to attribute the mechanism for why electrons can form clusters. For instance, Holmlid uses Zitterbewegung to calculate the orbit of electrons that form around ultra-dense hydrogen.
Zitterbewegung is controversial in science because, while predicted by the Dirac equation in quantum mechanics, it describes a rapid “trembling” motion of an electron that has never been directly observed, and its interpretation regarding whether it represents a real physical phenomenon or a mathematical artifact remains debated among physicists; essentially, it’s unclear whether this “jittery” motion actually exists in reality or is just a result of the mathematical framework used to describe the electron.
Despite being predicted by theory, no experiment has definitively detected Zitterbewegung directly.
Some physicists argue that Zitterbewegung is simply a mathematical consequence of the Dirac equation and doesn’t represent a physical reality, while others believe it could be related to the internal structure of an electron.
When calculating the expectation values of a wave packet composed entirely of positive or negative energy states, the Zitterbewegung effect disappears, further fueling the debate.
Some researchers claim to have observed indirect evidence of Zitterbewegung through simulations in systems that mimic a free Dirac particle, like trapped ion experiments.
It is hard to make any sense out of this issue because the concepts involved and the associated physics has changed so much over the years from the time of Dirac until today.
I have issues with this old style concept of Zitterbewegung because this vibration of the electron cannot be experimentally verified by science. Furthermore, Zitterbewegung contradicts the vibrational Higgs field mechanism that science now believes is thought to give mass to fermions.
Proof of Zitterbewegung is thought to be found experimentally to occur in atomic Bose Einstein condensates. This behavior of BECs is given as proof that electrons also will demonstrate Zitterbewegung since BECs are used to simulate particles that follow the Dirac equations. Here is an example of such a proof claim.
Direct observation of zitterbewegung in a Bose–Einstein condensate
Abstract.
Zitterbewegung, a force-free trembling motion first predicted for relativistic fermions like electrons, was an unexpected consequence of the Dirac equation’s unification of quantum mechanics and special relativity. Though the oscillatory motion’s large frequency and small amplitude have precluded its measurement with electrons, zitterbewegung is observable via quantum simulation. We engineered an environment for 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensates where the constituent atoms behaved like relativistic particles subject to the one-dimensional Dirac equation. With direct imaging, we observed the submicrometre trembling motion of these clouds, demonstrating the utility of neutral ultracold quantum gases for simulating Dirac particles.
If Zitterbewegung is the cause of the formation of particle clusters, then the proper cause of this cluster formation should rightly be directly attributed to BECs of electron based quasiparticles and not to electrons.
This makes sense because BECs are not fermions; they are Bosons which can support clustering whereas electrons are fermions which cannot support clustering since no two fermions can assume the same quantum state.
In current particle physics theory, electrons can be in many places at once: electrons cannot be localized in any one spot. Therefore they cannot be localized in a cluster.
Furthermore, electrons must be localized by forming a quasiparticle (exciton-polariton) with a boson. That boson is the photon likely used to localize the electron in the Rossi reaction.
The old style way to counter the Dirac based non local electron existence can be found in the following passage that has been extracted from the book Parallel Worlds, by Michio Kaku:
Because of uncertainty, the electron does not exist at any single point, but exists in all possible points around the nucleus. This electron “cloud” surrounding the nucleus represents the electron being in many places at the same time…… Modern civilization would collapse, in fact, if electrons were not allowed to be in two places at the same time. (The molecules of our body would also collapse without this bizarre principle. Imagine two solar systems colliding in space, obeying Newton’s laws of gravity. The colliding solar systems would collapse into a chaotic jumble of planets and asteroids. Similarly, if the atoms obeyed Newton’s laws, they would disintegrate whenever they bumped into another atom. What keeps two atoms locked in a stable molecule is the fact that electrons can simultaneously be in so many places at the same time that they form an electron “cloud” which binds the atoms together. Thus, the reason why molecules are stable and the universe does not disintegrate is that electrons can be in many places at the same time.)
These days, the new field theory way to look at electron non-localization goes as follows:
Like so many of his colleagues, Michio Kaku has written yet another “layman” book that you can safely dispose of without feeling bad. Modern physics doesn’t deal in “electron clouds” any longer. That’s an 80 year old paradigm that has outlived its usefulness. Today we are talking about quantum fields. A quantum field (more precisely THE quantum field) is an object that extends across the entire universe. An electron is a quantum of that quantum field, i.e. it can be thought of as a measurable state of this quantum field (in the free particle picture) and more generally, it’s a representation of the discretized state change if this field from one of its (local observer dependent) states to another.
What does the AI say about this Zitterbewegung issue…
Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are used to demonstrate the existence of Zitterbewegung in electrons because they provide a highly controlled and tunable environment where the behavior of atoms can be manipulated to mimic the relativistic effects seen in electrons, allowing scientists to directly observe the “jittery” motion characteristic of Zitterbewegung, which is otherwise too small and fast to detect directly in real electrons due to their tiny scale.
BECs act as a quantum simulator, where the properties of the ultra-cold atoms can be engineered to behave like other quantum systems, like relativistic electrons, allowing researchers to study phenomena that are difficult to observe directly. Unlike in real electrons, the “zitterbewegung” in a BEC can be observed on a much larger scale due to the relatively large size of the atomic cloud, enabling direct imaging and measurement.
By manipulating the trapping potentials and laser fields within the BEC, scientists can control the effective mass and interactions of the atoms, allowing them to study different aspects of Zitterbewegung.
Dr. Rossi’s theory could be made consistent with current condensed matter science of clustering by going with the BEC theory of electron aggregation.
This is done by causing electrons to transition into boson by using optical resonance.
The Bose-Einstein condensate theory of electron aggregation describes a phenomenon where, under confinement in a cavity with photons, a large number of electrons, behaving as bosons (particles with integer spin), occupy the same quantum state, essentially merging into a single, coherent wave function, leading to a collective behavior where they act as one entity rather than individual particles; this is analogous to how atoms in a BEC behave, forming a “superfluid” with unique properties like frictionless flow.
Lastly, the Dirac take on Zitterbewegung cannot explain how the Rossi reaction can produce a blinding amount of light when active, but the electron BEC theory can. This observation could lend cause to reconsider the application of the old style Dirac theory of Zitterbewegung as applied to the Rossi theory.
Dr. Rossi,
1) Ideally, with your new partner, they will be able to lighten your load in terms of New Application Development and Productization, and give you more time for Research. Have you found any of that to be true yet?
2) In terms of Research, one of the R&D areas where the E-Cat can maintain a lead over potential competitors would be to continually increase Power-Density and reduce Production-Cost (analogous to the path taken by transistors, from Day-1 until now). Is increased Power-Density something you’re considering in your Research Roadmap?
3) Do you think, for instance, I could ever buy an E-Cat Powered, 1.5v “10-Year AAA Battery”? 😉
Best Wishes,
WaltC
Brant Joyce:
You can find it in the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
in particular in the paragraph 2
Warm Regards,
A.R.