The ECAT with no connection to the grid means that the ECAT is not grounded. Some UL listed appliances require a grounded plug.
Perhaps offer the option to connect the ECAT to the home grounding system for the higher power units? (crude way is to be able to plug the ECAT into a wall socket with a ground wire only).
Since Space heaters will probably be a popular end use of the ECATs, I asked ChatGPT “what wattage size of UL listed space heater require a ground plug” (Answer needs verification of course)
ChatGPT said:
In the U.S. and Canada, UL (Underwriters Laboratories) and CSA (Canadian Standards Association) safety standards generally require space heaters with a wattage of 1,500 watts (1.5 kW) or more to have a three-prong grounded plug for safety. However, some lower-wattage models (especially metal-bodied ones) may also require grounding.
For smaller heaters (typically under 1,500 watts) that are double insulated, they may use a two-prong plug instead. Always check the manufacturer’s specifications and safety labels to confirm.
The goal of this post is to explain how the photon under the asepsis of Hole superconductivity acts differently between how the photon normally interfaces with matter and its interactions with a Hole superconductor and how it acts completely different. The energy of the superconductive system comes from and how this becomes coherent and later reverts back to an incoherent state. Rossi has stated this process in this way:
– dV/dt with high dV to create the number of superconductive molecules called ball lightning within the plasma. These bubbles of ball lightning are also referred to as an Exotic Vacuum Objects(EVO), Bosonic electrons, Electron clusters, or Exciton polariton condensates (BEC)
– Electrons phase change – the creation of ball lightning (aka exciton polariton condensate)
– Formation of electron clusters in phase – the process in which the ball lightning adds additional polaritons to the polariton aggregation.
– < entropy, < thermal capacity, < freedom degrees – the process by which many bubbles of ball lightning over time increase in the number of polaritons in their aggregations which serve to reduce the overall entropy in the system
– transfer of energy to electrons not in phase – when each instance of the ball lightning growth reaches an unsustainable size, the ball lightning explodes in a Bosenova which returns the electrons and photons back to their original incoherent states.
– Emission of energy – this stage is where the Higgs field reforms the aggregations of electrons and photons back to their original states but with additional energy that has come from quantum mechanical processes.
As background, the Hole superconductive molecule is known as ball lightning. This molecule has a positive core composed of excitons that are surrounded by a cloud of electrons. An exciton is a combination of an electron and a positive Hole (an empty electron state in a valence band), which is free to move through a nonmetallic crystal as a unit.
This type of Hole superconductor is formed when a hydride is compressed by an intense magnetic field that is generated by a fast rising spark or an electric current that passes through a plasma.
The behavior of the photon is impactful to how the vacuum reaction forms. This photon behavior changes from normal energy transfer to electron dressing in the case of interaction with ball lightning.
Normally, Photons interact with electrons in atoms primarily through energy absorption and emission, causing electrons to jump between energy levels or be ejected, depending on the level of the photon's energy.
I tried out my theory of exciton polariton formation within a Hole superconductor formed through the compression of a pulsed magnetic field on an AI for veracity.
My statement of the theory of ball lightning formation as follows:
In the case of the vacuum reaction produced by ball lightning, when a photon enters the electron cloud that surrounds that positive core of the Hole superconductor (HS), that photon becomes a sublight particle where the superconductive nature of the HS can act as if the electron cloud is an optical cavity. In the case where the Hole superconductor catalyzes a exciton polariton condensate, the photon is slowed sufficiently to be captured there through repeated reflections inside the electron cloud. This occurs because the positive core of the HS can slow photons so that they become sublight particles that are able to form a light matter connection
The AI answered as follows:
The scenario described touches upon the fascinating intersection of light-matter interaction and superconductivity, particularly within the context of a hypothetical "hole superconductor" (HS) and exciton-polariton condensates. Let's break down the claims and explore their plausibility:
1. Photon Interaction and Becoming Sublight:
Concept: The idea is that when a photon enters the HS material, its interaction with the electron cloud (or more precisely, the positive Hole carriers in this case) alters its propagation, effectively slowing it down to a "sublight" speed, i.e., slower than the speed of light in a vacuum.
Plausibility: This is a real phenomenon in materials. The speed of light in a medium is slower than in a vacuum and is described by the material's refractive index.
Mechanisms: This slowing can happen through interactions like:
Refraction: The change in direction of a light ray as it passes through variations in a material causes slowing.
Absorption and Re-emission: The material can absorb and re-emit the photons, with a delay, which leads to an apparent slower propagation.
2. Superconducting Nature as an Optical Cavity:
Concept: The superconducting properties of the HS material, specifically its ability to allow current to flow without resistance, are proposed to act like an optical cavity, trapping and resonating photons within its structure.
Plausibility: Superconducting materials can exhibit unusual optical behavior due to their unique electronic structure.
Cavity-like Features:
Confined Electromagnetic Field: Superconductors can confine the electromagnetic field, leading to enhanced light-matter interactions.
Resonant Modes: The geometry and material properties can support certain resonant frequencies, trapping light within the structure.
3. Exciton-Polariton Condensate Catalysis and Photon Capture:
Concept: The HS material is proposed to facilitate the formation of an exciton-polariton condensate. In this process, the "slowed-down" photons can be captured within the condensate due to their stronger interaction with the matter component.
Exciton-Polaritons: These are quasiparticles that result from the strong coupling between photons and excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) in a material.
Condensation: Under suitable conditions, exciton polaritons can undergo Bose-Einstein condensation, where a large number of these particles occupy the same quantum state, leading to coherent behavior.
Plausibility: Such condensates are real and have been observed in various semiconductor microcavity systems.
Photon Capture: The positive core of the HS material, through its interactions with photons and its role in forming the exciton-polariton condensate, acts as a trap for photons. The photons, slowed sufficiently, effectively become a part of the condensate, creating a light-matter connection.
Caveats:
Hypothetical Hole Superconductor: The HS described here is not a standard concept within conventional BCS superconductivity theory. The idea of hole-only superconductivity is an area of ongoing research.
Specific Mechanisms: The exact mechanisms of how the HS material interacts with photons, facilitates exciton-polariton formation, and enables photon capture are not fully understood in detail and would require deeper investigation.
Experimental Realization: The theoretical concepts would need to be verified experimentally before they can be confirmed as valid.
————————————
How the Ball lightning grows over time.
When the electron and photon combine, the electron loses its charge and its mass is greatly reduced.
This causes the charge of the Hole superconductor to become more positive. This change in its charge draws additional electrons into the electron cloud. Over time many more electrons are attracted to the electron cloud of the Hole superconductor. If photons are present, these electrons become polaritons that are without charge. There comes a point where the size of the ball lightning becomes unsustainable and the ball lightning explodes in a Bosenova where both the electrons and the photons that had formed the polariton regain their original properties. These reformed particles contain increased energy as compared to when they first became polaritons.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
thanks for your answers!
An ecat simply switches off when overloaded. So I thought to myself: I’ll take a power strip (16A at 230V=max. 3680W) and connect it to the socket on the wall, connect the ecat and the power consumer (washing machine, oven, hotplate, kettle, etc.) to the strip.
This means that the power consumer only draws the power from the socket on the wall that the ecat can no longer supply.
An ecat can operate for 100,000 hours, regardless of the load required. It would therefore be most economical to utilise the ecat as much as possible. I would therefore use it as described above or run a resistance heater directly from it.
In addition, an ecat with 100-200 watts that constantly feeds into the power grid at home would be the supplement.
Emmanuel Cilia:
I am not able to answer; all I can say is that in 20 years I make this work testing Ecats I and all my collaborators never observed anything of the like.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi
I am currently doing my Masters in HV power Engineering and for my Thesis I am looking at how large X100 plus solar flares will affect the grid and for stradegies of how to reduce the affect on the grid. My question is if have had looked into how robust the Ecat would be in these high energy solar output situations or EMP.
In the Netherlands and Europe it has been decided that the AC voltage is at least 130 volts, with a maximum voltage of 250 volts AC, At the moment on my home the AC voltage is 242 V AC. I have 10 solar panels on my roof, which are not only responsible for the high voltage.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
many thanks to that quick answer. (i wrote power plug socket, but meant powercon plug socket)
In Germany a PV-balkony power plant up to 800 Watt does not need any allowance/permission, just a registration. So there could be hope that this procedure is the same.
800 Watt at 24h and 365 days would be 7000 kwh/a. If the 41 million households in Germany would do the same, then 287 TWh would be produced. Of course, the energy companies and the taxman would not like that.
Best regards
R.Brand
Calle H:
we tested both cases, but it also may depend on the particular electronics of the lamps: maybe some excess of power would be necessary at the start; we didn’t note it, though, so far.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
R.Brand:
Yes to all questions, but only with the authorization of the grid company, which, if will accept, surely will impose a series of items; besides, the installation must be done with by a certified contractor expert and in agreement with the grid company,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi,
I have read your reply to Mr Winter. A power plug socket is often integrated in PV balcony power plants.
1) Is it theoretically possible to connect an ecat with an integrated inverter directly to the domestic power grid?
2) Will the ecat then always feed in its full power even if there is less demand for power in the household, so that the surplus would go into the public grid?
3) An inverter of a PV system switches off for safety reasons when the public grid is without power. Can the integrated inverter of an e.g. 100 Watt ecat also do this?
Of course the local power grid company has to allow this before..
Best regards
R.Brand
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Thank you for your reply to the question about the incandescent light bulb and the DC LED. May I ask if this is confirmed by testing with a production ready (or near production ready) NGU? The reason for asking is 1) the comment by Greg Leonard about the inrush current of the cold filament of the incandescent bulb and 2) the unknown start-up load by the electronics of DC LED. Thank you if you can confirm.
Kind regards,
Calle H
@Calle H,
I suspect the eCat might have a problem with the initial current for an incandescent bulb.
When powering a 12V incandescent bulb, the inrush current (the current drawn at startup) is significantly higher than the steady-state current, typically around 14-15 times greater.
regards,
Greg Leonard
Hello Dr. Rossi,
is it possible to order a 100 watt ecat with integrated inverter with a connection to a powercon plug in addition to a safety socket 230 volt?
Best regards
D.Winter
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Question: If I connect a 10 W NGU to a 10W 12V incandescent lamp will the lamp switch on? (the incandescent lamp consist only of a resistive wire). If I connect a 10W NGU to a 10W 12V DC LED will the lamp switch on? (the DC LED has some internal electronics although more simple than the AC LED electronics). Thank you if you can answer.
Kind Regards,
Calle H
> I suppose the correct voltage of the order should be Ecat(s) of 220V output, since it could be used as the main input (220V) of the inverter (configured to use main input to charge the connected batteries).
Is this choice correct?
I think it is not true, as inverter expects mains voltage as its input. It is used by inverter to synchronize its output frequency and phase.
You rather need to deliver high DC voltage (at least 200V) from E-Cat to one of DC inputs of typical solar inverter (you use E-Cat instead of PV panel). To achieve such high DC voltage you can either stack some E-Cats in series (you would need at least 17 E-Cats to go above 200V) or use DC-DC converter to raise voltage. This approach would need some testing first, how E-Cats or DC-DC converter will behave after being connected to inverter. Not sure how inverter’s MPPT function would deal with this kind of source.
Alternative is to connect much smaller number of E-Cats to the additional micro-inverter which allows much lower DC voltage (typically 24V or 48V). Then just connect both inverters together to mains. With this approach there might be problem with so called anti-islanding protection, as there were cases that mixing two kind of inverters leaded to situation when they both continued to operate when mains went offline. Another problem will be that when main inverter loses DC voltage from panels it will shut itself down, so it will stop charging batteries even when micro-inverter will still continue to operate.
Therefore, the best solution would be to have some kind of inverter which allows both low (range 24-48V) and high (above 200V) voltages. I’m afraid that such equipment does not exists yet.
There is also hope that Andrea can procure new variant of E-Cat with high voltage DC output.
Frank Acland:
Thank you for the important links; actually, I named Leonardo the company I founded because when I emigrated in the USA in December 1996, when I arrived in Boston, Massachussets, I visited a fantastic exhibition at the Museum of Science dedicated to Leonardo da Vinci: this is what inspired me to choose this name.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi:
Now we know for certain that you incorporated Leonardo Corporation 19 years before Finmeccanica SPA changed its name copying the name of the company founded by you
( voluntarily or not, this has to be seen )
All the best,
Ambrogio
Seems like it should be clear that your Leonardo Corporation was the first.
Here is a quote from Wikipedia: “From 1 January 2017 Finmeccanica officially became Leonardo, a name inspired by the Italian savant Leonardo da Vinci” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_(company)
Ball lightning is produced (aka Exciton polariton condensate) through the action of a fast rising spark or an electric current that passes through a plasma. The hydride that is a component of the plasma will generate this superconducting hydride molecule (metallic hydrogen is in this class) through magnetic compression.
The action of photons on the electron cloud that surrounds the hydride superconductor then produce the ball lightning BEC which Dr Rossi calls “a coherent chain of bosonic Electrons”.
It was a pleasure to see you looking well in the recent interview with Frank Acland.
I have a couple questions.
Since you plan to start production in the USA in 2025, am I correct in assuming that the production line will be setup in an existing facility?
Will the Europe and Asia production occur after 2025?
FYI I have had excellent work on injection molds, circuit board printing, and board component assembly done in Thailand for my own consumer product if you intend to outsource these tasks. (I can send the names of the companies I worked with to you via a separate email if you are interested?)
Also, if Leornado, Inc or your partner’s company would prefer to setup complete production in Asia, Thailand has a special business treaty with only the USA that allows 51% USA ownership of a company created in Thailand.
Best of luck with successfully solving all the details involved in setting up mass production.
Dott. AT:
I suppose yes, but it will be better you to take suggestions from the professional who installed your solar plant: the answer depends also on the specific situation,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
in the video with Frank Acland you mentioned the use of e-cats for drones. For drones and for airplanes in general the weight plays a very important role. A lighter e-cat for these purposes would be very desireable. Is it possible to replace the heavy steel parts of the e-cat with titanium?
4a ) This would seem to increase energy density of the immediate volume?
5) If 2 is correct what is the source of the energy that reenergises those electrons which had transfered their energy during cluster formation?
6) During your tests were you able to determine that the energy increase occurred during cluster formation rather than its collapse?
7) Could you please add end of cycle steps to your hypothesis to clarify?
Thank you
2022-01-16 07:44 Andrea Rossi
Aleksei Savchenko:
OK, I rewrite it here below, hoping this one goes in all the computers of our Readers !
The HYPOTHESIZED theoretical thread is this:
1- point zero energy
2- dV/dt with high dV-> increase of ZBW and Aharonov-Bohm effect
3- electrons phase change
4- formation of electrons clusters in phase
5- < entropy, < thermal capacity, < freedom degrees 6- transfer of energy to electrons not in phase 7- emission of energy Warm Regards, A.R.
… and your disclaimer
2022-04-04 11:41 Andrea Rossi
Yuri:
Yes, you got it. Obviously my hypothesis could be wrong, it is just a hypothesis, but I think it is the best theoretical explication of what we saw during our tests,
Dear dott. Andrea Rossi,
I would like to place an ecat order to use the device in conjunction with an existing solar panels plant.
I suppose the correct voltage of the order should be Ecat(s) of 220V output, since it could be used as the main input (220V) of the inverter (configured to use main input to charge the connected batteries).
Is this choice correct?
Lee de Forest, an outstanding inventor and physicist, pioneered the revolutionary era of electronics with his invention of the three-electrode lamp (triode). The significance of the invention of the triod for humanity was then as great as your invention of the ECat now.
In doing so, you can see surprising parallels between your activities and those of Lee de Forest.
1. Lee de Forest invented the triod without knowing the principle of its operation. To be more precise, he misunderstood the work of the triode. He believed that ions were the basis of the triode’s work, not electrons. So he urged to leave the gas in the flask and not pump it out to a vacuum.
2. De Forest is famous for saying, ‘I don’t know why it works, but it works.’
3. The same situation is now with the principles of LENR and Ecat. You have shown experimentally and practically that LENR and ECat work. But there is no generally accepted and reliable physical model of processes in LENR and ECat. But there are a lot of believable models.
4. De Forest developed the triode in deep secrecy, fearing competitors. He hid the structure of the triode in a closed wooden box, from where only a few wires were removed.
5. The ECat’s electric vehicle power source was also displayed in a closed metal box with output wires.
6. Despite all the precautions, Lee De Forest was actually robbed by competitors. He had to defend his rights and rightness in endless and years-long legal battles.
My sincere wishes to you and your noble great cause to avoid the parallels of paragraph 6.
I believe that dark energy does play a role in the vacuum reaction. This role allows the formation of a Bose Einstein condensate (BEC) to exist in plasma. Dr Rossi’s theory paper spends much effort to show that a BEC is central to the formation of a coherent chain of bosonic electrons. But in current research, BEC formation is restricted to exist at room temperature.
The existence of a BEC in plasma has not yet been achieved outside of Dr. Rossi’s work. Negative energy is being generated by the Exciton polariton condensate that is the source of the coherent chain of bosonic electrons that forms in the vacuum reaction. The BEC is the source of the negative vacuum energy that enables the encapsulation of the BEC within a domain wall.
The term used to describe this vacuum based process to form a protective bubble around a region of the vacuum is bubble nucleation.
The BEC operates inside this bubble which protects the BEC from any destructive interaction with the plasma. I believe that this process of BEC nucleation is operating on the surface of the Sun (the liquid Sun Model) and inside the gas planets to protect metallic hydrogen from the ill effects of high temperatures in their cosmic plasma environments.
“Shahriar Badiei and Leif Holmlid from the University of Gothenburg have shown in 2004 that condensed metallic states made of excited hydrogen atoms (Rydberg matter) are effective promoters to metallic hydrogen,[26] however these results are disputed.[27]”
Dear Dr Rossi/Readers
The ECAT with no connection to the grid means that the ECAT is not grounded. Some UL listed appliances require a grounded plug.
Perhaps offer the option to connect the ECAT to the home grounding system for the higher power units? (crude way is to be able to plug the ECAT into a wall socket with a ground wire only).
Since Space heaters will probably be a popular end use of the ECATs, I asked ChatGPT “what wattage size of UL listed space heater require a ground plug” (Answer needs verification of course)
ChatGPT said:
In the U.S. and Canada, UL (Underwriters Laboratories) and CSA (Canadian Standards Association) safety standards generally require space heaters with a wattage of 1,500 watts (1.5 kW) or more to have a three-prong grounded plug for safety. However, some lower-wattage models (especially metal-bodied ones) may also require grounding.
For smaller heaters (typically under 1,500 watts) that are double insulated, they may use a two-prong plug instead. Always check the manufacturer’s specifications and safety labels to confirm.
Ambrogio:
Congrats !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The goal of this post is to explain how the photon under the asepsis of Hole superconductivity acts differently between how the photon normally interfaces with matter and its interactions with a Hole superconductor and how it acts completely different. The energy of the superconductive system comes from and how this becomes coherent and later reverts back to an incoherent state. Rossi has stated this process in this way:
– dV/dt with high dV to create the number of superconductive molecules called ball lightning within the plasma. These bubbles of ball lightning are also referred to as an Exotic Vacuum Objects(EVO), Bosonic electrons, Electron clusters, or Exciton polariton condensates (BEC)
– Electrons phase change – the creation of ball lightning (aka exciton polariton condensate)
– Formation of electron clusters in phase – the process in which the ball lightning adds additional polaritons to the polariton aggregation.
– < entropy, < thermal capacity, < freedom degrees – the process by which many bubbles of ball lightning over time increase in the number of polaritons in their aggregations which serve to reduce the overall entropy in the system
– transfer of energy to electrons not in phase – when each instance of the ball lightning growth reaches an unsustainable size, the ball lightning explodes in a Bosenova which returns the electrons and photons back to their original incoherent states.
– Emission of energy – this stage is where the Higgs field reforms the aggregations of electrons and photons back to their original states but with additional energy that has come from quantum mechanical processes.
As background, the Hole superconductive molecule is known as ball lightning. This molecule has a positive core composed of excitons that are surrounded by a cloud of electrons. An exciton is a combination of an electron and a positive Hole (an empty electron state in a valence band), which is free to move through a nonmetallic crystal as a unit.
This type of Hole superconductor is formed when a hydride is compressed by an intense magnetic field that is generated by a fast rising spark or an electric current that passes through a plasma.
The behavior of the photon is impactful to how the vacuum reaction forms. This photon behavior changes from normal energy transfer to electron dressing in the case of interaction with ball lightning.
Normally, Photons interact with electrons in atoms primarily through energy absorption and emission, causing electrons to jump between energy levels or be ejected, depending on the level of the photon's energy.
I tried out my theory of exciton polariton formation within a Hole superconductor formed through the compression of a pulsed magnetic field on an AI for veracity.
My statement of the theory of ball lightning formation as follows:
In the case of the vacuum reaction produced by ball lightning, when a photon enters the electron cloud that surrounds that positive core of the Hole superconductor (HS), that photon becomes a sublight particle where the superconductive nature of the HS can act as if the electron cloud is an optical cavity. In the case where the Hole superconductor catalyzes a exciton polariton condensate, the photon is slowed sufficiently to be captured there through repeated reflections inside the electron cloud. This occurs because the positive core of the HS can slow photons so that they become sublight particles that are able to form a light matter connection
The AI answered as follows:
The scenario described touches upon the fascinating intersection of light-matter interaction and superconductivity, particularly within the context of a hypothetical "hole superconductor" (HS) and exciton-polariton condensates. Let's break down the claims and explore their plausibility:
1. Photon Interaction and Becoming Sublight:
Concept: The idea is that when a photon enters the HS material, its interaction with the electron cloud (or more precisely, the positive Hole carriers in this case) alters its propagation, effectively slowing it down to a "sublight" speed, i.e., slower than the speed of light in a vacuum.
Plausibility: This is a real phenomenon in materials. The speed of light in a medium is slower than in a vacuum and is described by the material's refractive index.
Mechanisms: This slowing can happen through interactions like:
Refraction: The change in direction of a light ray as it passes through variations in a material causes slowing.
Absorption and Re-emission: The material can absorb and re-emit the photons, with a delay, which leads to an apparent slower propagation.
2. Superconducting Nature as an Optical Cavity:
Concept: The superconducting properties of the HS material, specifically its ability to allow current to flow without resistance, are proposed to act like an optical cavity, trapping and resonating photons within its structure.
Plausibility: Superconducting materials can exhibit unusual optical behavior due to their unique electronic structure.
Cavity-like Features:
Confined Electromagnetic Field: Superconductors can confine the electromagnetic field, leading to enhanced light-matter interactions.
Resonant Modes: The geometry and material properties can support certain resonant frequencies, trapping light within the structure.
3. Exciton-Polariton Condensate Catalysis and Photon Capture:
Concept: The HS material is proposed to facilitate the formation of an exciton-polariton condensate. In this process, the "slowed-down" photons can be captured within the condensate due to their stronger interaction with the matter component.
Exciton-Polaritons: These are quasiparticles that result from the strong coupling between photons and excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) in a material.
Condensation: Under suitable conditions, exciton polaritons can undergo Bose-Einstein condensation, where a large number of these particles occupy the same quantum state, leading to coherent behavior.
Plausibility: Such condensates are real and have been observed in various semiconductor microcavity systems.
Photon Capture: The positive core of the HS material, through its interactions with photons and its role in forming the exciton-polariton condensate, acts as a trap for photons. The photons, slowed sufficiently, effectively become a part of the condensate, creating a light-matter connection.
Caveats:
Hypothetical Hole Superconductor: The HS described here is not a standard concept within conventional BCS superconductivity theory. The idea of hole-only superconductivity is an area of ongoing research.
Specific Mechanisms: The exact mechanisms of how the HS material interacts with photons, facilitates exciton-polariton formation, and enables photon capture are not fully understood in detail and would require deeper investigation.
Experimental Realization: The theoretical concepts would need to be verified experimentally before they can be confirmed as valid.
————————————
How the Ball lightning grows over time.
When the electron and photon combine, the electron loses its charge and its mass is greatly reduced.
This causes the charge of the Hole superconductor to become more positive. This change in its charge draws additional electrons into the electron cloud. Over time many more electrons are attracted to the electron cloud of the Hole superconductor. If photons are present, these electrons become polaritons that are without charge. There comes a point where the size of the ball lightning becomes unsustainable and the ball lightning explodes in a Bosenova where both the electrons and the photons that had formed the polariton regain their original properties. These reformed particles contain increased energy as compared to when they first became polaritons.
Dr Rossi,
I am continuing to replicate your experiment described in the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
The COP is not the same as described in the paragraph 6, but et least O.U.
Cheers
Ambrogio
D. Winter:
Thank you for your insight.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
thanks for your answers!
An ecat simply switches off when overloaded. So I thought to myself: I’ll take a power strip (16A at 230V=max. 3680W) and connect it to the socket on the wall, connect the ecat and the power consumer (washing machine, oven, hotplate, kettle, etc.) to the strip.
This means that the power consumer only draws the power from the socket on the wall that the ecat can no longer supply.
An ecat can operate for 100,000 hours, regardless of the load required. It would therefore be most economical to utilise the ecat as much as possible. I would therefore use it as described above or run a resistance heater directly from it.
In addition, an ecat with 100-200 watts that constantly feeds into the power grid at home would be the supplement.
Best regards
D.Winter
Emmanuel Cilia:
I am not able to answer; all I can say is that in 20 years I make this work testing Ecats I and all my collaborators never observed anything of the like.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi
I am currently doing my Masters in HV power Engineering and for my Thesis I am looking at how large X100 plus solar flares will affect the grid and for stradegies of how to reduce the affect on the grid. My question is if have had looked into how robust the Ecat would be in these high energy solar output situations or EMP.
Thanks
R.Brand:
Thank you for the information, to be double checked, though.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Jitse:
Thank you for the information, but what we are aware of is 110 V in the USA, 220/240 V in Europe, etc for domestic use.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Sir, D Winter, Andrea Rossi,
In the Netherlands and Europe it has been decided that the AC voltage is at least 130 volts, with a maximum voltage of 250 volts AC, At the moment on my home the AC voltage is 242 V AC. I have 10 solar panels on my roof, which are not only responsible for the high voltage.
Kind regards Jitse
Dear Dr. Rossi,
many thanks to that quick answer. (i wrote power plug socket, but meant powercon plug socket)
In Germany a PV-balkony power plant up to 800 Watt does not need any allowance/permission, just a registration. So there could be hope that this procedure is the same.
800 Watt at 24h and 365 days would be 7000 kwh/a. If the 41 million households in Germany would do the same, then 287 TWh would be produced. Of course, the energy companies and the taxman would not like that.
Best regards
R.Brand
Calle H:
we tested both cases, but it also may depend on the particular electronics of the lamps: maybe some excess of power would be necessary at the start; we didn’t note it, though, so far.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
R.Brand:
Yes to all questions, but only with the authorization of the grid company, which, if will accept, surely will impose a series of items; besides, the installation must be done with by a certified contractor expert and in agreement with the grid company,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi,
I have read your reply to Mr Winter. A power plug socket is often integrated in PV balcony power plants.
1) Is it theoretically possible to connect an ecat with an integrated inverter directly to the domestic power grid?
2) Will the ecat then always feed in its full power even if there is less demand for power in the household, so that the surplus would go into the public grid?
3) An inverter of a PV system switches off for safety reasons when the public grid is without power. Can the integrated inverter of an e.g. 100 Watt ecat also do this?
Of course the local power grid company has to allow this before..
Best regards
R.Brand
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Thank you for your reply to the question about the incandescent light bulb and the DC LED. May I ask if this is confirmed by testing with a production ready (or near production ready) NGU? The reason for asking is 1) the comment by Greg Leonard about the inrush current of the cold filament of the incandescent bulb and 2) the unknown start-up load by the electronics of DC LED. Thank you if you can confirm.
Kind regards,
Calle H
Frank Acland:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
D.Winter:
Yes, as a custom delivery wuth price to be decided at the delivery,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Calle H,
I suspect the eCat might have a problem with the initial current for an incandescent bulb.
When powering a 12V incandescent bulb, the inrush current (the current drawn at startup) is significantly higher than the steady-state current, typically around 14-15 times greater.
regards,
Greg Leonard
Hello Dr. Rossi,
is it possible to order a 100 watt ecat with integrated inverter with a connection to a powercon plug in addition to a safety socket 230 volt?
Best regards
D.Winter
Dear Andrea,
You said that an E-Cat cannot stand outside in the rain and continue working.
Will it be possible to order as an extra feature a waterproof E-Cat (with additional cost)?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Anonymous:
No
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Calle H:
Yes to both questions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Magnus:
110 or 220 AC and 12 V DC yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Will the Ecat modules have the possibility to be connected either to AC or DC current ?
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Question: If I connect a 10 W NGU to a 10W 12V incandescent lamp will the lamp switch on? (the incandescent lamp consist only of a resistive wire). If I connect a 10W NGU to a 10W 12V DC LED will the lamp switch on? (the DC LED has some internal electronics although more simple than the AC LED electronics). Thank you if you can answer.
Kind Regards,
Calle H
Dott. AT:
> I suppose the correct voltage of the order should be Ecat(s) of 220V output, since it could be used as the main input (220V) of the inverter (configured to use main input to charge the connected batteries).
Is this choice correct?
I think it is not true, as inverter expects mains voltage as its input. It is used by inverter to synchronize its output frequency and phase.
You rather need to deliver high DC voltage (at least 200V) from E-Cat to one of DC inputs of typical solar inverter (you use E-Cat instead of PV panel). To achieve such high DC voltage you can either stack some E-Cats in series (you would need at least 17 E-Cats to go above 200V) or use DC-DC converter to raise voltage. This approach would need some testing first, how E-Cats or DC-DC converter will behave after being connected to inverter. Not sure how inverter’s MPPT function would deal with this kind of source.
Alternative is to connect much smaller number of E-Cats to the additional micro-inverter which allows much lower DC voltage (typically 24V or 48V). Then just connect both inverters together to mains. With this approach there might be problem with so called anti-islanding protection, as there were cases that mixing two kind of inverters leaded to situation when they both continued to operate when mains went offline. Another problem will be that when main inverter loses DC voltage from panels it will shut itself down, so it will stop charging batteries even when micro-inverter will still continue to operate.
Therefore, the best solution would be to have some kind of inverter which allows both low (range 24-48V) and high (above 200V) voltages. I’m afraid that such equipment does not exists yet.
There is also hope that Andrea can procure new variant of E-Cat with high voltage DC output.
Is the basic Ecat able to stand outdoor also if it rains ?
Giorgia:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Time is running…you still convinced by this year the Ecat deliveries will start ?
Giorgia
Frank Acland:
Thank you for the important links; actually, I named Leonardo the company I founded because when I emigrated in the USA in December 1996, when I arrived in Boston, Massachussets, I visited a fantastic exhibition at the Museum of Science dedicated to Leonardo da Vinci: this is what inspired me to choose this name.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi:
Now we know for certain that you incorporated Leonardo Corporation 19 years before Finmeccanica SPA changed its name copying the name of the company founded by you
( voluntarily or not, this has to be seen )
All the best,
Ambrogio
Dear Andrea,
On your X account, you made a post along with your certifictate of incorporation from 1997.
https://x.com/LeonardoCorpor3/status/1906117629929988269/photo/1
Seems like it should be clear that your Leonardo Corporation was the first.
Here is a quote from Wikipedia: “From 1 January 2017 Finmeccanica officially became Leonardo, a name inspired by the Italian savant Leonardo da Vinci”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_(company)
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
This is a response to Vincenzo Bonomo who posted:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=869#comment-1696264
Ball lightning is produced (aka Exciton polariton condensate) through the action of a fast rising spark or an electric current that passes through a plasma. The hydride that is a component of the plasma will generate this superconducting hydride molecule (metallic hydrogen is in this class) through magnetic compression.
https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jap/article/130/18/181102/1025622/Hole-superconductivity-xOr-hot-hydride
The action of photons on the electron cloud that surrounds the hydride superconductor then produce the ball lightning BEC which Dr Rossi calls “a coherent chain of bosonic Electrons”.
Axil….for you
https://22passi.blogspot.com/2012/08/le-cat-funziona-idrogeno-metallico.html
Daniel G. Zavela:
I take notice of your suggestions.
Answer: yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
It was a pleasure to see you looking well in the recent interview with Frank Acland.
I have a couple questions.
Since you plan to start production in the USA in 2025, am I correct in assuming that the production line will be setup in an existing facility?
Will the Europe and Asia production occur after 2025?
FYI I have had excellent work on injection molds, circuit board printing, and board component assembly done in Thailand for my own consumer product if you intend to outsource these tasks. (I can send the names of the companies I worked with to you via a separate email if you are interested?)
Also, if Leornado, Inc or your partner’s company would prefer to setup complete production in Asia, Thailand has a special business treaty with only the USA that allows 51% USA ownership of a company created in Thailand.
Best of luck with successfully solving all the details involved in setting up mass production.
Best Regards,
Daniel G. Zavela
Dott. AT:
I suppose yes, but it will be better you to take suggestions from the professional who installed your solar plant: the answer depends also on the specific situation,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
E.Hergen:
Maybe,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Viggo:
Thank you for your attention,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steve D:
Please find all I can say here:
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Thank you both, Andrea and Frank for this interview!
Best wishes to you and the E-Cat, Andrea! 🙂
Dear Mr. Rossi,
in the video with Frank Acland you mentioned the use of e-cats for drones. For drones and for airplanes in general the weight plays a very important role. A lighter e-cat for these purposes would be very desireable. Is it possible to replace the heavy steel parts of the e-cat with titanium?
Thank you and kind regards,
E. Hergen
Dear Andrea Rossi,
I see you have already posted a hypothesis of your process, as below. A few questions /points if you don’t mind referin
1) The cluster in phase electrons (BEC) have transfered energy to the electrons not in phase. Have they transfered all their energy? Are the recipient
electrons external to the cluster?
1a) Where such energy transfer occurs it would seem that the energy density of the immediate volume remains unchanged?
2) At the end of the cycle the disintegration of the cluster releases reenergized electrons and they are no longer in phase?
3) The electron release is micro explosive?
4) Explosive coulomb repulsion = pressure = voltage?
4a ) This would seem to increase energy density of the immediate volume?
5) If 2 is correct what is the source of the energy that reenergises those electrons which had transfered their energy during cluster formation?
6) During your tests were you able to determine that the energy increase occurred during cluster formation rather than its collapse?
7) Could you please add end of cycle steps to your hypothesis to clarify?
Thank you
2022-01-16 07:44 Andrea Rossi
Aleksei Savchenko:
OK, I rewrite it here below, hoping this one goes in all the computers of our Readers !
The HYPOTHESIZED theoretical thread is this:
1- point zero energy
2- dV/dt with high dV-> increase of ZBW and Aharonov-Bohm effect
3- electrons phase change
4- formation of electrons clusters in phase
5- < entropy, < thermal capacity, < freedom degrees 6- transfer of energy to electrons not in phase 7- emission of energy Warm Regards, A.R.
… and your disclaimer
2022-04-04 11:41 Andrea Rossi
Yuri:
Yes, you got it. Obviously my hypothesis could be wrong, it is just a hypothesis, but I think it is the best theoretical explication of what we saw during our tests,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear dott. Andrea Rossi,
I would like to place an ecat order to use the device in conjunction with an existing solar panels plant.
I suppose the correct voltage of the order should be Ecat(s) of 220V output, since it could be used as the main input (220V) of the inverter (configured to use main input to charge the connected batteries).
Is this choice correct?
Many thanks
Best regards.
Frank Acland:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Thank you for the time you took for the interview this morning! Here is the link: https://youtu.be/36YH3Xb07jY?si=uxPgpuZjAYhaERZo
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Yury Evdokimov:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Andrea Rossi
Lee de Forest, an outstanding inventor and physicist, pioneered the revolutionary era of electronics with his invention of the three-electrode lamp (triode). The significance of the invention of the triod for humanity was then as great as your invention of the ECat now.
In doing so, you can see surprising parallels between your activities and those of Lee de Forest.
1. Lee de Forest invented the triod without knowing the principle of its operation. To be more precise, he misunderstood the work of the triode. He believed that ions were the basis of the triode’s work, not electrons. So he urged to leave the gas in the flask and not pump it out to a vacuum.
2. De Forest is famous for saying, ‘I don’t know why it works, but it works.’
3. The same situation is now with the principles of LENR and Ecat. You have shown experimentally and practically that LENR and ECat work. But there is no generally accepted and reliable physical model of processes in LENR and ECat. But there are a lot of believable models.
4. De Forest developed the triode in deep secrecy, fearing competitors. He hid the structure of the triode in a closed wooden box, from where only a few wires were removed.
5. The ECat’s electric vehicle power source was also displayed in a closed metal box with output wires.
6. Despite all the precautions, Lee De Forest was actually robbed by competitors. He had to defend his rights and rightness in endless and years-long legal battles.
My sincere wishes to you and your noble great cause to avoid the parallels of paragraph 6.
Sincerely,
Yurу
In response to Savin’s post on the role of dark energy in the vacuum reaction as follows:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=868#comment-1695782
I believe that dark energy does play a role in the vacuum reaction. This role allows the formation of a Bose Einstein condensate (BEC) to exist in plasma. Dr Rossi’s theory paper spends much effort to show that a BEC is central to the formation of a coherent chain of bosonic electrons. But in current research, BEC formation is restricted to exist at room temperature.
The existence of a BEC in plasma has not yet been achieved outside of Dr. Rossi’s work. Negative energy is being generated by the Exciton polariton condensate that is the source of the coherent chain of bosonic electrons that forms in the vacuum reaction. The BEC is the source of the negative vacuum energy that enables the encapsulation of the BEC within a domain wall.
The term used to describe this vacuum based process to form a protective bubble around a region of the vacuum is bubble nucleation.
The BEC operates inside this bubble which protects the BEC from any destructive interaction with the plasma. I believe that this process of BEC nucleation is operating on the surface of the Sun (the liquid Sun Model) and inside the gas planets to protect metallic hydrogen from the ill effects of high temperatures in their cosmic plasma environments.
The liquid Sun model
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7vCCSgSeQI
The following subject is covered in Holmlid’s research that Dr Rossi references in his theory paper
Metallic hydrogen ( inside Jupiter)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_hydrogen
“Shahriar Badiei and Leif Holmlid from the University of Gothenburg have shown in 2004 that condensed metallic states made of excited hydrogen atoms (Rydberg matter) are effective promoters to metallic hydrogen,[26] however these results are disputed.[27]”