Koen Vandewalle:
You can find a good synopsis here: just Google ” Aharonof-Bohm effect “.
About the spam issue: I am not able to answer, but your comments have been always received, as for I am aware of.
Warm regards,
A.R.
As you might recall, I’m just a humble electromechanical engineer (MSc). One quirk of that is that I tend to visualize the world and its phenomena in a very “mechanical” way, and I’m not as comfortable with the calculus that science often uses to describe it.
So, please forgive me if my next question comes across as a bit simplistic or unscientific:
When I look at the diagrams explaining the Aharonov-Bohm effect, my first thought is that it resembles some kind of artificial gravity—something emerging from/around/within systems with electric and magnetic fields that contain “matter.”
Is that a somewhat correct way to see it, or am I completely off track?
Warm regards,
Koen
PS: my normal mailadress is spammed in JONP. Can you please resolve that ?
Dear Andrea
After mass production has started, how much time for testing the first products do you expect to be necessary before the units can be delivered to the customers?
Regards Svein
Paolo Rampazzo:
Thank you for the suggestion, it matches with the comment of George; we will report monthly the news that will be possible report about,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
These osculations cause synchronization failures between the electrical systems
It’s a complex phenomenon and there is a need to rebalance electricity flows internationally, it could take a week to fix
Cause:
When high-voltage lines operate near their corona inception threshold, ionization of surrounding air molecules occurs, creating space charges (ions and electrons).
Under certain conditions (e.g., high humidity, rough conductor surfaces), these charges interact with the electric field, generating periodic electrohydrodynamic (EHD) forces.
Perhaps we could speculate about how an AC grid system with a high percentage of SKLep and inverter generation would respond?
I would also like to have a report on the progress of the work in progress. Do you plan to have manual assembly for the first deliveries? Or are you building automated lines? What are the steps?
Regards
Paolo
Dr Rossi,
I suggest you to publish on this blog a monthly report about the progress along the path to the start of the Ecat deliveries.
Is that possible ?
Best
George
Dr. Rossi states in his theory paper as follows: “The formation of these cluster may be associated to a localized Vacuum polarization generated by a rapid radial charge displacement.”
IMHO, the vacuum reaction requires the initial production of a hole superconductor to be formed. This requires compression of a gas or a chemical catalyst as Holmlid uses.
In detail…
The production of a Hole superconductor is a absolute requirement for all instances in the creation of the LENR reaction. It is my belief that the formation of the Exotic vacuum object- EVO (aka charged cluster) is produced through the initial production of a superconductive molecule that acts like a seed in which the EVO forms. This production of this superconductor seed molecule can be accomplished in any number of ways: Holmlid uses a potassium/carbon based catalyst to produce ultra dense hydrogen which is a superconductor, LION used lattice compression of deuterium using the lattice of diamond to form an ultra dense superconductor hydrogen, and LeClair used laser based cavitation of water. The water method is widely widely used by developers like Ohmasa among other HHO practitioners. Santilli uses spark based compression of hydrocarbon wastes. Dr. Rossi uses a fast Rising spark or rapid electron production to compress the hydrogen and/or lithium and/or noble gases in a plasma.
In the case of the E-Cat reaction, a gas in the plasma requires a application of a spark to have enough power to compress the alkali or noble gas into the superconductive state. To do this, it must have sufficient instantaneous power to achieve enough pressure and/or heat to compress the gas.
For example, for a spark to have enough power to compress an alkali, it needs to deliver power instantaneously, meaning the power must be delivered at a specific and highly restricted moment in time, a timeframe as short as possible rather than over an extended period.
Here’s a more detailed explanation:
Instantaneous Power:
In physics, power is the rate at which energy is transferred or converted, and instantaneous power refers to the power delivered at a particular limited point in time.
For example, one device in which there is a huge difference between peak and average power is known as an ultrashort pulse laser. These are used in physics research and can produce pulses of light which are extremely bright, but for extremely short periods of time. A typical device might produce a pulse of duration 100fs (note that fs =10^-15s, with peak power of
350kW – that’s about the average power demanded by 700 homes!
Compressing Alkali:
To compress an alkali, a spark needs to deliver a concentrated burst of energy in a very short time frame.
Why Instantaneous Power is Important:
If the power delivery is spread out over time, the energy might dissipate before it can effectively compress the alkali to the required pressures.
Electrical Circuits:
Instantaneous power is a crucial concept in electrical circuits, where it’s defined as the product of instantaneous voltage and current.
Active Power:
Active power, which is the mean value of instantaneous power, represents the power that is actually consumed in a load.
Reactive Power
Reactive power is due to the phase shift between voltages and currents. In maximum instantaneous power production reactive power is 0. When reactive power is maximized, instantaneous power is zero. Reactive power represents the oscillatory energy flow back and forth between the source and load, while instantaneous power is the product of voltage and current at any given moment. At the instants when reactive power is at its maximum, the voltage and current are out of phase by 90 degrees, resulting in zero instantaneous power.
Since there is no theoretical or experimental foundation for the formation of coherent charge clusters through the action of Zitterbewegung and the Aharonov-Bohm effect is not as persuasive as such formation from a Hole superconductor.
I asked the AI to verify this posit as follows:
Analyze this posit for correctness: a hole superconductor can form a resonant cavity that can produce an exciton polariton condensate. This occurs through the hybridization of photons in a cavity with the Bardasis-Schrieffer modes (analogues of excitons in semiconductors) within the superconductor. By engineering a coupling between these modes and light, typically through an imposed supercurrent, researchers can create polariton states that exhibit characteristics of both photons and these superconducting excitations.
Here’s a more detailed explanation:
Bardasis-Schrieffer modes: These modes are bosonic excitations within a superconductor that are similar to excitons in semiconductors.
Resonant Cavity: A cavity is a structure, often formed by mirrors or other reflective elements, that confines light within a small volume and creates resonant modes.
Exciton Polaritons: When excitons and photons strongly interact in a cavity, they combine to form new quasiparticles called exciton polaritons.
Hybridization: The Bardasis-Schrieffer modes and cavity photons can be hybridized through a supercurrent, leading to the formation of polariton states.
Supercurrent-Induced Coupling: Applying a supercurrent can induce a linear coupling between the Bardasis-Schrieffer modes and light, allowing for their hybridization.
Formation of Polariton Condensate: If the hybridized polaritons are cooled down to sufficiently low temperatures, they can undergo Bose-Einstein Condensation, forming a macroscopic quantum state known as an exciton polariton condensate.
Tuning: The interaction between the polaritons and the electronic states can be tuned by adjusting parameters like the size of the exciton dipole or the number of polaritons in the condensate, according to research at Harvard University https://cmt.harvard.edu/demler/PUBLICATIONS/ref232.pdf .
Cavity superconductor-polaritons – OSTI Jan 14, 2019 — In our proposed model the BS mode can be hybridized with photons in a resonant cavity to form polaritons in analogy.
———————————————–
AI Response
The provided text accurately describes the theoretical framework for creating exciton polariton condensates in superconducting materials by leveraging Bardasis-Schrieffer modes and cavity photons.
Here’s a breakdown of the analysis:
Correct Aspects:
Bardasis-Schrieffer Modes: The text correctly identifies Bardasis-Schrieffer (BaSh) modes as bosonic excitations within a superconductor analogous to excitons in semiconductors.
Resonant Cavity: The description of a resonant cavity confining light to create resonant modes is accurate.
Exciton Polaritons: The explanation of exciton polaritons as hybrid quasiparticles formed from strong interaction between excitons and photons is correct.
Hybridization: The text accurately describes how BaSh modes and cavity photons can hybridize through a supercurrent.
Supercurrent-Induced Coupling: The role of an externally imposed supercurrent in creating a linear coupling between BaSh modes and light is correctly stated.
Formation of Polariton Condensate: The explanation of polaritons undergoing Bose-Einstein Condensation at low temperatures to form a macroscopic quantum state is accurate.
Tuning: The ability to tune the interaction between polaritons and electronic states by adjusting parameters like exciton dipole size or the number of polaritons is a valid concept.
Additional Context:
Superconducting Cavities: The research mentioned likely involves superconducting cavities that can support both cavity photons and superconducting excitations.
Superconductivity: The process leverages the unique properties of superconductors, such as the ability to carry supercurrents without resistance.
Emerging Field: This area of research is part of the emerging field of cavity quantum electrodynamics, where strong light-matter interaction in cavities leads to novel phenomena.
In summary, the text provides a correct and detailed overview of how exciton polariton condensates can be formed in superconducting materials by hybridizing cavity photons and Bardasis-Schrieffer modes through supercurrent-induced coupling.
Dr. Rossi states that the vacuum reaction produces energy when electrons in phase transfer energy to electrons not in phase.
I beleive that the exciton polariton condensates that is the mechanism that produces electrons in phase is produced by Hole superconductivity.
I also now beleive that the energy produced by the vacuum reaction comes from Hole superconductivity. For example, the Higgs field is a superconducting field that gives energy to particles in the form of mass. Mass is energy so the Higgs field produces energy in particles in the form of inertial mass which impedes particle movement.
Hole superconductivity is a similar system to the Higgs field in that it lowers the energy of a system so that its can remove resistance to particle movement. This particle action of superconductivity is the opposite to that of the Higgs field; it remove the resistance of particle movement.
Both the Higgs field and superconductivity have the same structure in their energy potentials called the Mexican hat potential.
I have asked the AI to render an option on this issue as follows:
AI Request
Compare the energy potential of the Higgs field to that of a hole superconductor.
AI Response
Comparing the energy potential of the Higgs field and a hole superconductor involves understanding the concept of potential energy in both systems:
Higgs Field:
Mexican Hat Potential: The Higgs field’s potential energy landscape resembles a “Mexican hat” or a “sombrero” shape.
Non-Zero Vacuum Expectation Value: The minimum energy state of the Higgs field occurs at a non-zero value, known as the vacuum expectation value (VEV), typically denoted as “v” (approximately 246 GeV). This non-zero VEV is a crucial part of the Higgs mechanism.
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: The shape of the Higgs potential and its non-zero VEV lead to spontaneous symmetry breaking, which gives mass to other particles.
Hole Superconductor:
Condensation of Cooper Pairs: In a superconductor, electrons form Cooper pairs, which are boson-like entities. These pairs can condense into a macroscopic quantum state.
Energy Gap: Below a critical temperature, a superconductor exhibits an energy gap around the Fermi level. This energy gap means that it requires a certain amount of energy to excite the superconducting state.
Kinetic Energy Lowering: Hole superconductivity proposes that the driving force for superconductivity is the lowering of the kinetic energy of the hole carriers when they pair. This is in contrast to BCS theory, where the driving force is the lowering of the potential energy.
Comparison:
Shape of Potential: The Higgs field has a specific potential with a minimum at a non-zero value. In contrast, while there is an energy gap in a superconductor, the potential energy is not the primary driver of superconductivity in the case of hole superconductivity, rather it is the lowering of kinetic energy.
Mechanism of Mass Acquisition vs. Superconductivity: The Higgs field’s potential and its non-zero VEV are directly linked to mass generation for fundamental particles. In hole superconductors, the potential energy is not the primary driver for superconductivity; instead, it’s proposed to be the lowering of kinetic energy upon hole pairing.
Role of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: Spontaneous symmetry breaking is fundamental to the Higgs mechanism and mass generation. In superconductors, symmetry breaking also plays a role (breaking of U(1) symmetry), but the precise mechanisms and its connection to superconductivity in various materials can be complex.
In Summary:
Both the Higgs field and superconductors involve concepts of potential energy and symmetry breaking. However, the Higgs field’s potential is crucial for generating particle masses, while the driving force behind superconductivity in hole superconductors is proposed to be the lowering of kinetic energy of hole carriers when they pair. The details of symmetry breaking and its relationship to the specific phenomena differ between these systems.
“The specific annual energy consumption in the prison is 4000 KWh/offender.
This 4000 KWh/offender includes 25% for hot water production and the remaining 75% for lighting, heating/cooling equipment, and other electrical devices, according to SCIRP Open Access.
In 2023, the US prison population was 1,254,200, a 2% increase from 2022. This includes people in state and federal prisons, with a significant majority (96%) sentenced to more than one year. The majority of those incarcerated are male (1,124,400) with a smaller, but growing, number of females (85,900).”
Total Annual power consumption of US prisons = 4,000 kW-hrs * 1,254,200 = about 5 million MW-hrs per year. Or, an average power demand of 573 MW.
“The United States has a large and diverse correctional system, with approximately 6,245 correctional facilities, including 1,566 state prisons, 98 federal prisons, 3,116 local jails, 1,323 juvenile correctional facilities, and 142 immigration detention facilities.”
Thus, the average size of an NGU-powered prison facility would be 573 MW / 6,245 = about 92 kW.
Frank:
1- all of them are in course of preparation
2- as I said, I still believe the deliveries will start this year, let alone the month,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello Dr. Rossi,
have the production buildings at the three sites in Asia, Eu and Usa already been erected or do they still have to be built?
Can the start of production be expected as early as autumn or not until November/December?
Warm regards
Frank E.
To Yuri
I agree with your description of what can be achieved with E-Cat.
I also have a very good feeling about AR and his new partners’ goals and their behavior to achieve them, in a safe and controlled manner.
With today’s very changing security and trade conditions, I have no doubt that AR & Partner, continuously, discusses their market behavior and finds the best strategy to achieve their common goals based on their current opportunities.
Their strategy here is clearly presentet in JoNP through said and unsaid.
Regards Svein
Dear Dr Rossi:
you posted
Andrea Rossi
April 25, 2025 at 11:29 AM
Daniel G. Zavela:
We are working together very well: we share the same mission,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Do you have a written mission statement and can you share that statement please?
If no formal statement, can you summarize your mission?
Dear Dr Rossi
Have you personally visited any of the manufacturing sites, and if so can you comment on their progress to putting production lines in place?
Regards, DrLG
To Svein
We understand that a new seventh technological order of modern humanity is being born now, based on a virtually free personal energy technology – ECat technology. Technology that frees man’s slavish energy dependence on centralized giant power plants.
This order is replacing the current sixth technological order of humanity, based on personal computer and information technologies.
Personal energy technology ECat, integrated with personal computer and information technology, will obviously be an important basis for the further development of human civilization.
Therefore, to reduce the beginning of this new technological order to the beginning of the banal mass purchase and sale of ECat would be unworthy and belittling. I proceeded from this when I asked a question about the world presentation of this important event for all people.
Seguo questa fantastica avventura del dott. Andrea Rossi dal 2010.
Assolutamente d’accordo con te, dobbiamo avere pazienza, e troppo importante, non bisogna commettere errori che potrebbero essere usati per distruggere tutto l’ immane lavoro di tanti anni.
Conoscendo il Dott. A. Rossi, credo che stia facendo il possibile e anche l’impossibile perché il suo progetto vada a buon fine.
Cordiali saluti: Tony
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
I am following the fantastic adventure of Andrea Rossi since the year 2010. His work is important, it is necessary the maximum of attention to avoid fatal errors that could destroy the mission of his life, and I believe he is striving as much as he can to complete his job.
To Yury Edokimov
You are referring to what is common in connection with the launch of new products. The fact is that the E-Cat is not just a new product. This is a challenge to perhaps the most important industry in the world.
This will have enormous effects on the global economy. Far, far greater impact than a president’s attempt to introduce new tariffs.
The product could create a completely different life for the vast majority of the world’s population.
A few mega-rich will see their source of wealth decrease in value. This will not be dramatic for them, but it is hardly a desired experience. Resistance to change will be great among the part of our society that has the most power.
Keeping such an extreme change, as much as possible hidden, seems to me necessary. Here one must think “military strategic” to the extent possible. I would therefore recommend that the “product” be developed and produced with as little attention as possible.
This is my impression that AR is now in the process of achieving.
All of us who are passionate about his success must have the necessary patience until an efficient production apparatus is available and the products can start flowing to the market.
Whether this is in 2025 or a year later will not have any particular significance in the global context.
Regards Svein
Usually, the presentation of a new mass-produced product is held earlier, several months before the start of global sales.
At the same time, new samples are demonstrated, characteristics, prices and bonus discounts are announced. Examples of such presentations are presentations of phones from Apple, Samsung, etc.
Is such a presentation of ECat expected and when?
With respect to you and wishes of success in your noble cause.
It means not the speed of electron, but the speed of the charge of electron which is located on the surface of electron, not in the center of electron.
It is the explanation in simple words.
Roberto:
As explained by Dirac in occasion of his Nobel Prize lecture, it is the vibration (zitterbewegung in German) of the electrons that moves at the speed of light, while they travel at a speed never above c/100,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Magnus:
That reference is very important because it documents the discovery of the “Zitterbewegung” of electrons, that is the rationale of the Ecat’s technology, based on the coherent charge clusters that may form compact nuclear aggregates of electrons in phase, as explained in paragraph 5 of the paper you cited.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Albo70:
No,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Germana:
Paragraphs 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 4, 5 and the refetrences reported along their text.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Koen Vandewalle:
You can find a good synopsis here: just Google ” Aharonof-Bohm effect “.
About the spam issue: I am not able to answer, but your comments have been always received, as for I am aware of.
Warm regards,
A.R.
Subject: A Curious Question About Aharonov-Bohm
Dear Andrea,
As you might recall, I’m just a humble electromechanical engineer (MSc). One quirk of that is that I tend to visualize the world and its phenomena in a very “mechanical” way, and I’m not as comfortable with the calculus that science often uses to describe it.
So, please forgive me if my next question comes across as a bit simplistic or unscientific:
When I look at the diagrams explaining the Aharonov-Bohm effect, my first thought is that it resembles some kind of artificial gravity—something emerging from/around/within systems with electric and magnetic fields that contain “matter.”
Is that a somewhat correct way to see it, or am I completely off track?
Warm regards,
Koen
PS: my normal mailadress is spammed in JONP. Can you please resolve that ?
Dr Rossi,
Which are the most important paragraphs to understand how the Ecat works reading the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Germana
Dear Andrea,
Molina-Ratown effect is involved in the development of ecat?
Svein:
These actions are proceeding together,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
After mass production has started, how much time for testing the first products do you expect to be necessary before the units can be delivered to the customers?
Regards Svein
George:
We will do it monthly,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Alice in Wonderland:
Surely the Aharonov- Bohm effect has been an important model, as you can read in the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Paolo Rampazzo:
Thank you for the suggestion, it matches with the comment of George; we will report monthly the news that will be possible report about,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Paul Dodgshun:
Surely alternative by-pass of the energy networks could help,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/c9wpq8xrvd9t
A massive power cut has hit large parts of Spain and Portugal
The Portuguese electricity operator says the outage was caused by a “rare” atmospheric phenomenon, related to variations in temperatures
https://www.forexlive.com/news/induced-atmospheric-vibration-was-the-cause-of-the-spanish-power-outage-20250428/
Due to extreme temperature variations in the interior of Spain, there were anomalous oscillations in very high volatge lines, something called ‘induced atmospheric vibration’
These osculations cause synchronization failures between the electrical systems
It’s a complex phenomenon and there is a need to rebalance electricity flows internationally, it could take a week to fix
Cause:
When high-voltage lines operate near their corona inception threshold, ionization of surrounding air molecules occurs, creating space charges (ions and electrons).
Under certain conditions (e.g., high humidity, rough conductor surfaces), these charges interact with the electric field, generating periodic electrohydrodynamic (EHD) forces.
Perhaps we could speculate about how an AC grid system with a high percentage of SKLep and inverter generation would respond?
I would also like to have a report on the progress of the work in progress. Do you plan to have manual assembly for the first deliveries? Or are you building automated lines? What are the steps?
Regards
Paolo
Dr Rossi,
Is the Aharonov-Bohm effect important to understand how the Ecat works ?
Dr Rossi,
I suggest you to publish on this blog a monthly report about the progress along the path to the start of the Ecat deliveries.
Is that possible ?
Best
George
Steven Nicholes Karels,
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
axil:
Thank you for your exegesis,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi states in his theory paper as follows: “The formation of these cluster may be associated to a localized Vacuum polarization generated by a rapid radial charge displacement.”
IMHO, the vacuum reaction requires the initial production of a hole superconductor to be formed. This requires compression of a gas or a chemical catalyst as Holmlid uses.
In detail…
The production of a Hole superconductor is a absolute requirement for all instances in the creation of the LENR reaction. It is my belief that the formation of the Exotic vacuum object- EVO (aka charged cluster) is produced through the initial production of a superconductive molecule that acts like a seed in which the EVO forms. This production of this superconductor seed molecule can be accomplished in any number of ways: Holmlid uses a potassium/carbon based catalyst to produce ultra dense hydrogen which is a superconductor, LION used lattice compression of deuterium using the lattice of diamond to form an ultra dense superconductor hydrogen, and LeClair used laser based cavitation of water. The water method is widely widely used by developers like Ohmasa among other HHO practitioners. Santilli uses spark based compression of hydrocarbon wastes. Dr. Rossi uses a fast Rising spark or rapid electron production to compress the hydrogen and/or lithium and/or noble gases in a plasma.
In the case of the E-Cat reaction, a gas in the plasma requires a application of a spark to have enough power to compress the alkali or noble gas into the superconductive state. To do this, it must have sufficient instantaneous power to achieve enough pressure and/or heat to compress the gas.
For example, for a spark to have enough power to compress an alkali, it needs to deliver power instantaneously, meaning the power must be delivered at a specific and highly restricted moment in time, a timeframe as short as possible rather than over an extended period.
Here’s a more detailed explanation:
Instantaneous Power:
In physics, power is the rate at which energy is transferred or converted, and instantaneous power refers to the power delivered at a particular limited point in time.
For example, one device in which there is a huge difference between peak and average power is known as an ultrashort pulse laser. These are used in physics research and can produce pulses of light which are extremely bright, but for extremely short periods of time. A typical device might produce a pulse of duration 100fs (note that fs =10^-15s, with peak power of
350kW – that’s about the average power demanded by 700 homes!
https://resources.pcb.cadence.com/blog/2021-deriving-the-instantaneous-power-equation
Compressing Alkali:
To compress an alkali, a spark needs to deliver a concentrated burst of energy in a very short time frame.
Why Instantaneous Power is Important:
If the power delivery is spread out over time, the energy might dissipate before it can effectively compress the alkali to the required pressures.
Electrical Circuits:
Instantaneous power is a crucial concept in electrical circuits, where it’s defined as the product of instantaneous voltage and current.
Active Power:
Active power, which is the mean value of instantaneous power, represents the power that is actually consumed in a load.
Reactive Power
Reactive power is due to the phase shift between voltages and currents. In maximum instantaneous power production reactive power is 0. When reactive power is maximized, instantaneous power is zero. Reactive power represents the oscillatory energy flow back and forth between the source and load, while instantaneous power is the product of voltage and current at any given moment. At the instants when reactive power is at its maximum, the voltage and current are out of phase by 90 degrees, resulting in zero instantaneous power.
Since there is no theoretical or experimental foundation for the formation of coherent charge clusters through the action of Zitterbewegung and the Aharonov-Bohm effect is not as persuasive as such formation from a Hole superconductor.
I asked the AI to verify this posit as follows:
Analyze this posit for correctness: a hole superconductor can form a resonant cavity that can produce an exciton polariton condensate. This occurs through the hybridization of photons in a cavity with the Bardasis-Schrieffer modes (analogues of excitons in semiconductors) within the superconductor. By engineering a coupling between these modes and light, typically through an imposed supercurrent, researchers can create polariton states that exhibit characteristics of both photons and these superconducting excitations.
Here’s a more detailed explanation:
Bardasis-Schrieffer modes: These modes are bosonic excitations within a superconductor that are similar to excitons in semiconductors.
Resonant Cavity: A cavity is a structure, often formed by mirrors or other reflective elements, that confines light within a small volume and creates resonant modes.
Exciton Polaritons: When excitons and photons strongly interact in a cavity, they combine to form new quasiparticles called exciton polaritons.
Hybridization: The Bardasis-Schrieffer modes and cavity photons can be hybridized through a supercurrent, leading to the formation of polariton states.
Supercurrent-Induced Coupling: Applying a supercurrent can induce a linear coupling between the Bardasis-Schrieffer modes and light, allowing for their hybridization.
Formation of Polariton Condensate: If the hybridized polaritons are cooled down to sufficiently low temperatures, they can undergo Bose-Einstein Condensation, forming a macroscopic quantum state known as an exciton polariton condensate.
Tuning: The interaction between the polaritons and the electronic states can be tuned by adjusting parameters like the size of the exciton dipole or the number of polaritons in the condensate, according to research at Harvard University
https://cmt.harvard.edu/demler/PUBLICATIONS/ref232.pdf .
Cavity superconductor-polaritons – OSTI Jan 14, 2019 — In our proposed model the BS mode can be hybridized with photons in a resonant cavity to form polaritons in analogy.
———————————————–
AI Response
The provided text accurately describes the theoretical framework for creating exciton polariton condensates in superconducting materials by leveraging Bardasis-Schrieffer modes and cavity photons.
Here’s a breakdown of the analysis:
Correct Aspects:
Bardasis-Schrieffer Modes: The text correctly identifies Bardasis-Schrieffer (BaSh) modes as bosonic excitations within a superconductor analogous to excitons in semiconductors.
Resonant Cavity: The description of a resonant cavity confining light to create resonant modes is accurate.
Exciton Polaritons: The explanation of exciton polaritons as hybrid quasiparticles formed from strong interaction between excitons and photons is correct.
Hybridization: The text accurately describes how BaSh modes and cavity photons can hybridize through a supercurrent.
Supercurrent-Induced Coupling: The role of an externally imposed supercurrent in creating a linear coupling between BaSh modes and light is correctly stated.
Formation of Polariton Condensate: The explanation of polaritons undergoing Bose-Einstein Condensation at low temperatures to form a macroscopic quantum state is accurate.
Tuning: The ability to tune the interaction between polaritons and electronic states by adjusting parameters like exciton dipole size or the number of polaritons is a valid concept.
Additional Context:
Superconducting Cavities: The research mentioned likely involves superconducting cavities that can support both cavity photons and superconducting excitations.
Superconductivity: The process leverages the unique properties of superconductors, such as the ability to carry supercurrents without resistance.
Emerging Field: This area of research is part of the emerging field of cavity quantum electrodynamics, where strong light-matter interaction in cavities leads to novel phenomena.
In summary, the text provides a correct and detailed overview of how exciton polariton condensates can be formed in superconducting materials by hybridizing cavity photons and Bardasis-Schrieffer modes through supercurrent-induced coupling.
Dr. Rossi states that the vacuum reaction produces energy when electrons in phase transfer energy to electrons not in phase.
I beleive that the exciton polariton condensates that is the mechanism that produces electrons in phase is produced by Hole superconductivity.
I also now beleive that the energy produced by the vacuum reaction comes from Hole superconductivity. For example, the Higgs field is a superconducting field that gives energy to particles in the form of mass. Mass is energy so the Higgs field produces energy in particles in the form of inertial mass which impedes particle movement.
Hole superconductivity is a similar system to the Higgs field in that it lowers the energy of a system so that its can remove resistance to particle movement. This particle action of superconductivity is the opposite to that of the Higgs field; it remove the resistance of particle movement.
Both the Higgs field and superconductivity have the same structure in their energy potentials called the Mexican hat potential.
https://cds.cern.ch/record/2012465/files/higgspotential.png
I have asked the AI to render an option on this issue as follows:
AI Request
Compare the energy potential of the Higgs field to that of a hole superconductor.
AI Response
Comparing the energy potential of the Higgs field and a hole superconductor involves understanding the concept of potential energy in both systems:
Higgs Field:
Mexican Hat Potential: The Higgs field’s potential energy landscape resembles a “Mexican hat” or a “sombrero” shape.
Non-Zero Vacuum Expectation Value: The minimum energy state of the Higgs field occurs at a non-zero value, known as the vacuum expectation value (VEV), typically denoted as “v” (approximately 246 GeV). This non-zero VEV is a crucial part of the Higgs mechanism.
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: The shape of the Higgs potential and its non-zero VEV lead to spontaneous symmetry breaking, which gives mass to other particles.
Hole Superconductor:
Condensation of Cooper Pairs: In a superconductor, electrons form Cooper pairs, which are boson-like entities. These pairs can condense into a macroscopic quantum state.
Energy Gap: Below a critical temperature, a superconductor exhibits an energy gap around the Fermi level. This energy gap means that it requires a certain amount of energy to excite the superconducting state.
Kinetic Energy Lowering: Hole superconductivity proposes that the driving force for superconductivity is the lowering of the kinetic energy of the hole carriers when they pair. This is in contrast to BCS theory, where the driving force is the lowering of the potential energy.
Comparison:
Shape of Potential: The Higgs field has a specific potential with a minimum at a non-zero value. In contrast, while there is an energy gap in a superconductor, the potential energy is not the primary driver of superconductivity in the case of hole superconductivity, rather it is the lowering of kinetic energy.
Mechanism of Mass Acquisition vs. Superconductivity: The Higgs field’s potential and its non-zero VEV are directly linked to mass generation for fundamental particles. In hole superconductors, the potential energy is not the primary driver for superconductivity; instead, it’s proposed to be the lowering of kinetic energy upon hole pairing.
Role of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: Spontaneous symmetry breaking is fundamental to the Higgs mechanism and mass generation. In superconductors, symmetry breaking also plays a role (breaking of U(1) symmetry), but the precise mechanisms and its connection to superconductivity in various materials can be complex.
In Summary:
Both the Higgs field and superconductors involve concepts of potential energy and symmetry breaking. However, the Higgs field’s potential is crucial for generating particle masses, while the driving force behind superconductivity in hole superconductors is proposed to be the lowering of kinetic energy of hole carriers when they pair. The details of symmetry breaking and its relationship to the specific phenomena differ between these systems.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
“The specific annual energy consumption in the prison is 4000 KWh/offender.
This 4000 KWh/offender includes 25% for hot water production and the remaining 75% for lighting, heating/cooling equipment, and other electrical devices, according to SCIRP Open Access.
In 2023, the US prison population was 1,254,200, a 2% increase from 2022. This includes people in state and federal prisons, with a significant majority (96%) sentenced to more than one year. The majority of those incarcerated are male (1,124,400) with a smaller, but growing, number of females (85,900).”
Total Annual power consumption of US prisons = 4,000 kW-hrs * 1,254,200 = about 5 million MW-hrs per year. Or, an average power demand of 573 MW.
“The United States has a large and diverse correctional system, with approximately 6,245 correctional facilities, including 1,566 state prisons, 98 federal prisons, 3,116 local jails, 1,323 juvenile correctional facilities, and 142 immigration detention facilities.”
Thus, the average size of an NGU-powered prison facility would be 573 MW / 6,245 = about 92 kW.
Thoughts?
Frank:
1- all of them are in course of preparation
2- as I said, I still believe the deliveries will start this year, let alone the month,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello Dr. Rossi,
have the production buildings at the three sites in Asia, Eu and Usa already been erected or do they still have to be built?
Can the start of production be expected as early as autumn or not until November/December?
Warm regards
Frank E.
To Yuri
I agree with your description of what can be achieved with E-Cat.
I also have a very good feeling about AR and his new partners’ goals and their behavior to achieve them, in a safe and controlled manner.
With today’s very changing security and trade conditions, I have no doubt that AR & Partner, continuously, discusses their market behavior and finds the best strategy to achieve their common goals based on their current opportunities.
Their strategy here is clearly presentet in JoNP through said and unsaid.
Regards Svein
LarryG:
We did and the progress is good,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
LarryG:
The mission is to diffuse the Ecat technology in the world,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi:
you posted
Andrea Rossi
April 25, 2025 at 11:29 AM
Daniel G. Zavela:
We are working together very well: we share the same mission,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Do you have a written mission statement and can you share that statement please?
If no formal statement, can you summarize your mission?
Best Regards
Larry
Dear Dr Rossi
Have you personally visited any of the manufacturing sites, and if so can you comment on their progress to putting production lines in place?
Regards, DrLG
To Svein
We understand that a new seventh technological order of modern humanity is being born now, based on a virtually free personal energy technology – ECat technology. Technology that frees man’s slavish energy dependence on centralized giant power plants.
This order is replacing the current sixth technological order of humanity, based on personal computer and information technologies.
Personal energy technology ECat, integrated with personal computer and information technology, will obviously be an important basis for the further development of human civilization.
Therefore, to reduce the beginning of this new technological order to the beginning of the banal mass purchase and sale of ECat would be unworthy and belittling. I proceeded from this when I asked a question about the world presentation of this important event for all people.
Sincerely, Yury
Daniel G. Zavela:
We are working together very well: we share the same mission,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Svein
Seguo questa fantastica avventura del dott. Andrea Rossi dal 2010.
Assolutamente d’accordo con te, dobbiamo avere pazienza, e troppo importante, non bisogna commettere errori che potrebbero essere usati per distruggere tutto l’ immane lavoro di tanti anni.
Conoscendo il Dott. A. Rossi, credo che stia facendo il possibile e anche l’impossibile perché il suo progetto vada a buon fine.
Cordiali saluti: Tony
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
I am following the fantastic adventure of Andrea Rossi since the year 2010. His work is important, it is necessary the maximum of attention to avoid fatal errors that could destroy the mission of his life, and I believe he is striving as much as he can to complete his job.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
How well is your working relationship with your new partner going?
Have you together been successful in setting development milestone objectives and pre-production test protocols?
Wishing you the best of good luck.
Best Regards,
Daniel G. Zavela
Jaroslav Bem:
Paragraphs 2, 5 of
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
The electron spin motion can be interpreted as the motion of the charge with orbit h-bar/2* electron mass*c= 0.192 pm with ZBW at the speed of light
Warm Regards,
A.R.
To Yury Edokimov
You are referring to what is common in connection with the launch of new products. The fact is that the E-Cat is not just a new product. This is a challenge to perhaps the most important industry in the world.
This will have enormous effects on the global economy. Far, far greater impact than a president’s attempt to introduce new tariffs.
The product could create a completely different life for the vast majority of the world’s population.
A few mega-rich will see their source of wealth decrease in value. This will not be dramatic for them, but it is hardly a desired experience. Resistance to change will be great among the part of our society that has the most power.
Keeping such an extreme change, as much as possible hidden, seems to me necessary. Here one must think “military strategic” to the extent possible. I would therefore recommend that the “product” be developed and produced with as little attention as possible.
This is my impression that AR is now in the process of achieving.
All of us who are passionate about his success must have the necessary patience until an efficient production apparatus is available and the products can start flowing to the market.
Whether this is in 2025 or a year later will not have any particular significance in the global context.
Regards Svein
Yury Evdokimov:
Thank you for your suggestions.
It all is expected, the scheduling not ready yet,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi!
Usually, the presentation of a new mass-produced product is held earlier, several months before the start of global sales.
At the same time, new samples are demonstrated, characteristics, prices and bonus discounts are announced. Examples of such presentations are presentations of phones from Apple, Samsung, etc.
Is such a presentation of ECat expected and when?
With respect to you and wishes of success in your noble cause.
Yury
Roberto:
In the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
is written that the Zitterbewegung of the electron has the speed of light.
It means not the speed of electron, but the speed of the charge of electron which is located on the surface of electron, not in the center of electron.
It is the explanation in simple words.
Best Regards,
Jarosław Bem
Giuseppe Censorio:
I think our Partner will be able to start the deliveries by the end of this year, that’s all I can say so far,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
do you think that by the end of this year you will start production and be able to ship all the pending orders?
Regards, Giuseppe
Roberto:
As explained by Dirac in occasion of his Nobel Prize lecture, it is the vibration (zitterbewegung in German) of the electrons that moves at the speed of light, while they travel at a speed never above c/100,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Lars Rudin:
Thank you for your support.
I still think we will start the deliveries within this year,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Ok, been with you since the beginning. When will you set a date for delivery?
Dr Rossi,
In the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
is written that the Zitterbewegung of the electron has the speed og light: how can this be reconciled with the fact that the electron being a lepton cannot have the speed of light ?
Roberto
Magnus:
That reference is very important because it documents the discovery of the “Zitterbewegung” of electrons, that is the rationale of the Ecat’s technology, based on the coherent charge clusters that may form compact nuclear aggregates of electrons in phase, as explained in paragraph 5 of the paper you cited.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi !
You suggested days ago to observe with care the references of the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
because each of them has a precise function related to the text of this important paper.
Can you explain the importance of the reference 17, dated 1933 ?
Best,
Magnus
Svein:
Interesting R&D,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Ambrogio:
Absolutely yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Do you think the ” Enciclica Laudatus Si’ ” of Pope Francis has attinence with the work of your team ?
Best,
Ambrogio
Dear Andrea
When it comes to batteries, can https://www.tdk.com/en/news_center/press/20240617_01.html
be relevant?
Regards: Svein