How can a exciton-Polariton condensate behave like it has negative mass?
AI Question
In a exciton polariton condensate, the dispersion of that BEC is the measure of energy vs. momentum. In more detail, in the waveform of the condensate, the direction of energy flow in the group wave is forward for positive mass and backward for negative mass behavior.(see videos below)
AI Answer
You’re describing a key characteristic of exciton-polariton condensates and their dispersion relation, specifically focusing on how the group velocity and effective mass are related.
Here’s a breakdown of your points:
1. Dispersion as Energy vs. Momentum:
In a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), like an exciton-polariton condensate, the dispersion relation essentially describes how the energy of the condensate’s quasiparticles (in this case, exciton-polaritons) changes with their momentum.
This relationship can be visualized as a curve on a graph, where energy is typically plotted against momentum. (see videos below)
2. Group Velocity and Energy Flow:
Wave Packet Analogy: Think of a condensate as a wave packet, which is a localized wave consisting of a range of frequencies.
Group Velocity: The group velocity represents the speed at which the envelope of this wave packet moves – essentially, the speed at which the energy and information within the wave packet propagate.
Phase Velocity: In contrast, the phase velocity is the speed at which individual wave crests within the wave packet move.
3. Positive vs. Negative Mass and Direction of Energy Flow:
Effective Mass: Exciton-polaritons can have an effective mass, which is related to the curvature of the dispersion relation.
Positive Mass: If the effective mass is positive, the energy of the condensate increases with increasing momentum, and the group velocity (direction of energy flow) is in the same direction as the momentum.
Negative Mass: Under certain conditions, particularly when engineered through dissipative coupling in microcavities, exciton-polaritons can exhibit negative effective mass. This means the energy decreases with increasing momentum.
Anomalous Dispersion: With negative mass, the group velocity and thus the energy flow are in the opposite direction to the momentum. This is a counter-intuitive behavior where increasing momentum leads to propagation in the opposite direction.
In summary, the dispersion relation tells us how the energy of the exciton-polariton condensate depends on its momentum. The group velocity of the condensate’s wave packet indicates the direction of energy flow. Positive mass corresponds to forward energy flow, while negative mass results in backward energy flow relative to the condensate’s momentum.
Wave group move backward giving the condensate negative mass
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHpUGVaRIUY
Wave group moves forward to give the condensate positive mass.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHxoBqYC_7w
It is the condensate as a whole that demonstrates mass and not the individual polaritons.
When the BEC has negative mass, it distroys the virtual particles that surround it thereby lowering the vacuum energy that surrounds the BEC. This transforms the BEC into a true vacuum.
In my view. “reverse entropy” is the reduction in the disorder of a system. This reduction occurs in a BEC when many particles become identical and act as a single super particle.
In a formation of the BEC where electrons become bosons without charge and mass, the BEC continually generates quasiparticles called exciton polaritons that do not have any charge and are massless polaritons. Over time, the numbers of these polaritons grows large. An EVO(an electron cluster) can begin as a sub-micron sized object, but expand over time to be as large as 250 microns before the BEC terminates through instability.
I created a model of the vacuum energy production process as an alternative to Dr. Rossi’s model and asked the AI to make sense out of it. In this model, I attempted to show how vacuum energy flows from space through the vacuum reaction mechanism into high energy charged particles. This energy flow confuses just about everybody and is worth the effort to clarify this energy flow.
AI Question
What is the flow of energy in the formation and then the termination of the exciton polariton BEC in the optical resonator based electron shell of a spark generated hole superconductor as formed through intense compression in a plasma as ball lightning? Take into account the total loss of charge and the production of negative mass in exciton-polariton formation due to strong light matter coupling as the polaritons form and the creation of a BEC inside the electron cloud of the hole superconductor. Consider that the pumping of the BEC is accomplished through the transfer of vacuum energy via vacuum decay from a ambient false vacuum to a negative energy based true vacuum during the accumulation of polaritons over time. Assume that the amount of vacuum energy input is greater than the depletion of energy by the BEC in light production and that the hole superconductor enables long term photon confinement to form into an optical resonator. Assume eventual lose of BEC stability at final size and the release of accumulated energy via coulomb explosion. Assume the BEC produces a true vacuum in a region of negative vacuum energy which is inherently unstable within the ambient vacuum.
AI Answer
The scenario described presents a highly complex and speculative picture of energy flow involving various theoretical concepts. Here’s a breakdown of the energy flow, integrating elements from the provided search results:
I. Formation of the Exciton-Polariton BEC in a Hole Superconductor Optical Resonator
Spark and Plasma Compression:
A spark generates a plasma, compressing material into a highly dense state where a hole superconductor forms, as theorized for ball lightning.
Exciton-Polariton Formation via Strong Light-Matter Coupling:
The hole superconductor acts as an optical resonator, trapping photons. Within this resonator, strong coupling between excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) in the material and cavity photons occurs.
This coupling creates exciton-polaritons, hybrid light-matter quasiparticles.
This process can also lead to phenomena like negative mass for exciton-polaritons under certain conditions.
Exciton-Polariton BEC Formation:
The high density of polaritons, aided by efficient relaxation mechanisms like radiative pumping and vibronic assisted scattering, leads to stimulated scattering into the lowest energy state of the lower polariton branch, forming a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).
Vacuum Energy Pumping:
Vacuum energy is transferred to the BEC through a process of vacuum decay where energy flows from a state of higher vacuum energy to a state of lower vacuum energy, transitioning from a false vacuum state to a negative energy-based true vacuum state.
This energy influx pumps the BEC, sustaining and potentially increasing its polariton population over time, despite losses from light production.
II. Termination of the BEC and Energy Release
Instability and Loss of BEC Stability:
The BEC, as it accumulates more polaritons and vacuum energy, reaches a critical size or density, becoming inherently unstable within the ambient vacuum, which is at a higher energy state.
This instability leads to the eventual collapse or termination of the BEC.
Coulomb Explosion and Energy Release:
The accumulated energy, stored within the polariton condensate and potentially augmented by the vacuum energy transfer, is released through a Coulomb explosion.
This involves the rapid repulsion of like charges (positive ions) and/or negative electron after the sudden removal of neutralizing electrons (or the collapse of the system’s charge balance).
This process releases a significant amount of energy, potentially in the form of kinetic energy of the ions and electromagnetic radiation.
III. Key Considerations
Loss of Charge and Negative Mass:
The total loss of charge and production of negative mass during exciton-polariton formation are hypothetical aspects of the described system and require further investigation based on experimental evidence.
Negative Vacuum Energy:
The creation of a true vacuum with negative energy within the ambient vacuum is a concept related to theories involving vacuum decay and potentially exotic energy states.
Experimental Verification:
Many aspects of this scenario, especially those involving vacuum energy and the interaction of negative energy vacuums with the ambient environment, are speculative and require experimental validation.
In summary, the energy flow involves the concentration of energy through plasma compression, the conversion of energy into exciton-polaritons via strong light-matter coupling, further pumping of the system by a vacuum energy transfer mechanism, and the final release of accumulated energy through a Coulomb explosion when the BEC becomes unstable.
Dear Andrea, your recent statement that production and perhaps sales will take place within this year has cheered everyone up. If you can answer these questions we would be happy:
Are your partners licensees of the Leonardo Corporation or have they purchased your patent?
In the second case, can they in turn grant construction and sales licenses?
Are there guarantees of withdrawal in the contract if production were to stop?
Thank you
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Re my post of 2025-05-10. I omitted the most persuasive reason why the solar industry is the major electricity provider being the cell physicists who will be receptive to learning the ecat process.
Transitioning to large scale production can be challenging but I understand that your team is very competent. Can you say anything about the number of pre-production units you have manufactured? I suspect it in the 100s. And of what varying power levels?
The electrons are transformed into quasiparticles called exciton-polaritons. This transformation enables these transformed electrons to combine into a single super quasiparticle particle called a Bose Einstein Condensate. This is the state that Dr. Rossi calls lowered entropy. When the quasiparticles terminates, the electrons regain energy as their entropy increases to the nonreal state normal electrons.
See this video for an additional explanation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIvtmCk7LlY
Dr. Rossi is using science in his invention that is cutting edge and even beyond current discovery levels that are current in quantum computing.
Can you confirm that the solar industry is the major electricity provider?
You have informed us that your ecat tests were up to 5KW which can be achieved in a domestic solar setting. Existing solar equipment is compatible with the ecat. The 5kw figure will have strong demand for the ecat in the EV market too.
Traditional big plant grid suppliers will have no interest in producing a 10W or even a 5kw ecat. They do not have the physics background nor the manufacturing expertise to do so.
You have have tested solar and ecat integration and had earlier intended to demo this, so it’s possible that you earlier established contacts within the solar industry.
Solar enhancement in first instance will be a good introductory phase for the ecat installed by an industry with compatible skills.
Dear Ing. Rossi,
I am too ignorant to understand the manuscript of your work. But I understood the core is making electrons in an odered way that they can go to an entropic state, that produces energy.
Could you try to simplify, how to convince the electrons to go back in an ordered state?
Thank you very much
Stefano
Every time we dive into these pages, excited about Andrea Rossi’s Ecat, it’s easy to forget just how mind-blowing this invention is.
We’ve grown so accustomed to it that its sheer awesomeness can get out of hand.
Picture this: a humble, nondescript box, no bigger than a lunchbox, with a simple plastic lid and a couple of wires dangling from it.
It looks like something you’d find in a garage, not a device that could rewrite the future.
But inside? It holds a secret so mind-blowing it could have been plucked from the pages of a science fiction epic: the power to summon nearly infinite energy from the universe.
It’s not just incredible; it’s the kind of thing that makes your heart pound and your skin tingle.
Mark my words: in the very near future, Andrea Rossi will be hailed as a titan of human progress, a genius whose vision transformed our world.
The Ecat is a real revolution, and Rossi’s name will go down in the history books as one of humanity’s greatest heroes.
Dear Ing Rossi,
We are all excited for your next steps. Could you say when, more or less, the name of the partners will be disclosed?
I expect that such an announcement will be anticipate long time before the serial delivery. Typically, in the industrialization process there must be some sneak preview of the final product and sone advertisment before the product is really on the market.
So, if the deliveries will start withon 2025 I expect that the partners should be disclosed quite soon. Could you tell, roughly, when?
Thank you
Stefano
It is joyous news that collaboration is now possible, leading to serial production.
Nearly all the processes that sustain modern society depend on affordable, safe, and preferably inexhaustible energy sources.
When I first discovered the Journal of Nuclear Physics about fifteen years ago—after a detour through “peak oil”—I immediately felt a spark, a shiver of recognition, as if Andrea Rossi’s invention was the missing puzzle piece we all needed.
Most of us learned in school about different forms of energy—potential, kinetic, radiant heat, and chemical energy. We also studied electricity and magnetism, though primarily from a macro-level perspective based on experiments and theories established long ago. While this approach is necessary for teaching fundamental concepts and practical applications to future generations, it hindered me—and likely many others—from truly understanding the real sources of energy. If educators cannot properly explain atomic energy—by which I mean the energy forms of elementary particles—it stunts the growth and development of societies.
That’s why I’d like to acknowledge and express my gratitude for Keith Thomson’s recently published article, Notes on an Electron Model. For me, at least, it establishes a clear link between what we’ve learned about chemistry on one hand and electromagnetism on the other.
When a growing society hits natural limits—such as the depletion of cheap, easily accessible oil reserves—conflict and war often erupt over the remaining scraps.
Humanity is capable of devising and implementing technical solutions for many problems, but all of them require energy—vast amounts of energy. Infinite energy, in fact, sustained infinitely and continuously.
This realization could leave any of us profoundly disheartened, as we now face numerous physical and natural boundaries—or even see them approaching faster in the form of climate crises in places once considered hospitable.
For me, the history of Andrea Rossi’s E-Cat represents the single most important source of hope and confidence. Fifteen years ago, it was a powerful spark of hope. That spark has never faded, and soon, it will ignite a new fire—one capable of warming, illuminating, cooling, irrigating, and drying for all of society; of powering transportation; and of recycling and purifying every material and product ever discarded.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Good news re the tests. I see that a major electricity provider is a partner. Your tests will surely be of a scale to reassure such a partner of ecat performance. It will need to demonstrate that banks of ecats can interoperate flawlessly.
Can you tell us the power level reached in the tests?
Thank you
Dr. Rossi –
the current price for the ecat (2500 USD per KW) is oriented towards the end consumer.
Does the inclusion of “major electricity provider” as a partner indicate that significant economies of scale can be expected once mass production is achieved?
Todd Burkett,
I’ve been thinking about what is the best way to be independent and make full use of an e-cat. In my opinion would be to have a regular PV inverter + energy storage (there are several suppliers for this) and then, instead of a regular PV array on the roof, just connect the DC out of the ecat (a suitable configuration is required with DC output compatible with the PV inverter inputs specs, 200V maybe?). So you’ll use the cleverness of the inverter to charge the batteries when the demand is little, the batteries to deal with the peaks, plus you can also sell to the grid all the excess energy generated during the 24/7/365 of the ecat.
This way the ecat which doesn’t need to be rated for your peaks but just for your average daily usage, which is normally quite low.
Something I am not quite sure is how to disable the MPPT of the inverter, that might trigger an overcurrent on the ecat…. Some investigation will be required.
Andrea, what is your opinion on this use for the e-cat?
P.S. This would be awesome because people in a flat (like myself) could install an energy storage system and sell energy without needing to mees with the roof (which is generally not available)
axil:
Your comment is brilliant.
Actually, it was not a Freudian lapsus ( he,he,he ). The matter of the fact is that what I am dubbing Partner is actually a synergetic partnership between a manufacturing company, a financial fund and a major electricity provider,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Todd Burkett:
Thank you for your support.
Your request is a bit confusing and needs much more details to be answered to.
When we will be ready to deliver what you pre-ordered we will contact you and discuss with you the details of your installation and, if necessary, update your pre-order while turning it into a regular order,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Recently on this blog, Dr Rossi said this: “Our Partners attended the demonstration we made on September 27 2024 in the racetrack of Latina”
Is ” Our Partners” a slip of the tongue or was it an unintended Freudian slip. If you are permitted to answer, is your partner more than one company where the commercialization of the Ecat is a joint effort.
In corporate activity, a joint effort typically refers to a joint venture, which is a strategic alliance where two or more businesses pool their resources and expertise to achieve a specific business objective or project.
Key characteristics of a joint venture/joint effort is where shared ownership & control exists between participating companies typically share ownership (equity) and control over the venture, though this can vary based on the specific agreement.
Joint ventures are usually established for a clearly defined project or business activity, such as entering a new market, developing a product, or sharing technology.
While the parent companies retain their individual identities, a joint venture often involves creating a separate legal entity, like a corporation or LLC, to operate the joint effort.
Joint ventures can be temporary (for a specific project) or longer-term, depending on the goals and agreement between the partners.
Resource sharing among participating companies contribute various resources, which can include capital, technology, expertise, personnel, and intellectual property, to support the joint venture.
Risk and reward sharing among the partners share both the risks and rewards (profits and losses) associated with the venture, often in proportion to their ownership stakes or as outlined in the agreement.
Businesses engage in joint efforts (joint ventures) to better meet the creation or expansion of a market opportunity that result from market expansion: enter new geographic markets or customer segments where one or more partners lack established presence or local knowledge.
Also resource pooling that combines financial resources, technology, or expertise to achieve a goal that might be too costly or challenging for any single company to pursue alone.
Risk sharing will diversify and reduce the financial burden and risk associated with a project by sharing costs and potential losses with a partner.
A joint venture will allow compliment expertise or technology via access specific skills, knowledge, or technologies that a company may lack by partnering with a company that possesses those strengths.
Examples of joint ventures (joint efforts): Sony and Ericsson formed a joint venture (Sony Ericsson) to combine Sony’s expertise in consumer electronics with Ericsson’s mobile technology leadership to produce and market mobile phones.
Toyota and Panasonic established a joint venture to develop electric vehicle batteries, leveraging Toyota’s car design and production expertise and Panasonic’s battery technology.
In summary, a joint effort, or joint venture, is a collaborative business strategy that enables companies to achieve specific goals by sharing resources, expertise, and risks, and working together towards a common objective.
I had orders on the first day of pre-order availability so I’ve been watching and waiting very patiently for many years and very excited about this for the world, I wish to replace the energy use at my home, if I ordered AC versions 220 v output
With sufficient supply above my max energy request, will the E Kat act as the inverter or well I need something between the cut and my 200 amp panel, also for sake of me how much E cat would I need to supply the main panel with a max of 200 A?
P.S. P.S.I am waiting with anticipation for the first Optimus robot installed with E cats.
Gavino Mamia:
Thank you for your support.
Yes, I was present at the tests with the Partner, and yes I will publish the new form factor of the Ecat when we will have defined it.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Good morning Dr. Rossi,
I deduce that you were present at the tests with the new Partner.
When you will define the new form factor of the Ecat, will you show it to us? Or should we wait for the official presentation before the start of deliveries?
Good work.
Italo R.:
Our Partners attended the demonstration we made on September 27 2024 in the racetrack of Latina; stayed watching all the 6 hours of the race between the two Renault Twizy, took picture of everything, checked all the registrations of the magnificent control instrumentation made by the ERV Maico Marzocchi: they didn’t lose any instanct of the race, thanks also to the highly professional level of the cameramen, with 7 TV cameras put around the circuit, to allow to see both the cars for the 100% of the space and time of the race. Honestly, it was very impressive. You can watch all of the 6 hours of race and the following press conference in the Ecat Youtube channel ( get the fast link here: http://www.ecat.com ); obviously they also attended the press conference,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Rolf:
Please place your pre-order by the form you can find here: http://www.ecatorders.com
When we will be ready to deliver you will be contacted to confirm the order and discuss about the optionals,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Giannino Ferro Casagrande:
Thank you for your support.
We will contact all the persons that made a pre-order when ready to deliver to update and confirm the order,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Prof. Camillo Urbani:
When we will be ready to deliver your pre-order we will contact you.
You will be free to make with your Ecat what you want, obviously respecting the instructions of the manual.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
BYD the #1 EV maker world wide is aggressively expanding overseas and currently building 3 new factories in Europe. Now would be a good time for them to integrate the E-Cat into their in-house built battery packs. Imagine launching a new car will a Self-Charging battery offering unlimited range.
Congratulations! If no further obstacles arise, the first orders will probably be filled by the end of the year.
I have ordered a 3 kW device and, assuming I am among the first to receive it, I intend to present it to a university research center with which I maintain contacts and where I did my master’s thesis in physics.
The goal is to verify the performance of the device.
Arnab Saha:
I continue to to be positive that the deliveries will start within this year,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
axil:
Thank you for your research,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Will it drag to 2026 or it will be release in 2025…
How can a exciton-Polariton condensate behave like it has negative mass?
AI Question
In a exciton polariton condensate, the dispersion of that BEC is the measure of energy vs. momentum. In more detail, in the waveform of the condensate, the direction of energy flow in the group wave is forward for positive mass and backward for negative mass behavior.(see videos below)
AI Answer
You’re describing a key characteristic of exciton-polariton condensates and their dispersion relation, specifically focusing on how the group velocity and effective mass are related.
Here’s a breakdown of your points:
1. Dispersion as Energy vs. Momentum:
In a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), like an exciton-polariton condensate, the dispersion relation essentially describes how the energy of the condensate’s quasiparticles (in this case, exciton-polaritons) changes with their momentum.
This relationship can be visualized as a curve on a graph, where energy is typically plotted against momentum. (see videos below)
2. Group Velocity and Energy Flow:
Wave Packet Analogy: Think of a condensate as a wave packet, which is a localized wave consisting of a range of frequencies.
Group Velocity: The group velocity represents the speed at which the envelope of this wave packet moves – essentially, the speed at which the energy and information within the wave packet propagate.
Phase Velocity: In contrast, the phase velocity is the speed at which individual wave crests within the wave packet move.
3. Positive vs. Negative Mass and Direction of Energy Flow:
Effective Mass: Exciton-polaritons can have an effective mass, which is related to the curvature of the dispersion relation.
Positive Mass: If the effective mass is positive, the energy of the condensate increases with increasing momentum, and the group velocity (direction of energy flow) is in the same direction as the momentum.
Negative Mass: Under certain conditions, particularly when engineered through dissipative coupling in microcavities, exciton-polaritons can exhibit negative effective mass. This means the energy decreases with increasing momentum.
Anomalous Dispersion: With negative mass, the group velocity and thus the energy flow are in the opposite direction to the momentum. This is a counter-intuitive behavior where increasing momentum leads to propagation in the opposite direction.
In summary, the dispersion relation tells us how the energy of the exciton-polariton condensate depends on its momentum. The group velocity of the condensate’s wave packet indicates the direction of energy flow. Positive mass corresponds to forward energy flow, while negative mass results in backward energy flow relative to the condensate’s momentum.
Wave group move backward giving the condensate negative mass
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHpUGVaRIUY
Wave group moves forward to give the condensate positive mass.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHxoBqYC_7w
It is the condensate as a whole that demonstrates mass and not the individual polaritons.
When the BEC has negative mass, it distroys the virtual particles that surround it thereby lowering the vacuum energy that surrounds the BEC. This transforms the BEC into a true vacuum.
In my view. “reverse entropy” is the reduction in the disorder of a system. This reduction occurs in a BEC when many particles become identical and act as a single super particle.
In a formation of the BEC where electrons become bosons without charge and mass, the BEC continually generates quasiparticles called exciton polaritons that do not have any charge and are massless polaritons. Over time, the numbers of these polaritons grows large. An EVO(an electron cluster) can begin as a sub-micron sized object, but expand over time to be as large as 250 microns before the BEC terminates through instability.
I created a model of the vacuum energy production process as an alternative to Dr. Rossi’s model and asked the AI to make sense out of it. In this model, I attempted to show how vacuum energy flows from space through the vacuum reaction mechanism into high energy charged particles. This energy flow confuses just about everybody and is worth the effort to clarify this energy flow.
AI Question
What is the flow of energy in the formation and then the termination of the exciton polariton BEC in the optical resonator based electron shell of a spark generated hole superconductor as formed through intense compression in a plasma as ball lightning? Take into account the total loss of charge and the production of negative mass in exciton-polariton formation due to strong light matter coupling as the polaritons form and the creation of a BEC inside the electron cloud of the hole superconductor. Consider that the pumping of the BEC is accomplished through the transfer of vacuum energy via vacuum decay from a ambient false vacuum to a negative energy based true vacuum during the accumulation of polaritons over time. Assume that the amount of vacuum energy input is greater than the depletion of energy by the BEC in light production and that the hole superconductor enables long term photon confinement to form into an optical resonator. Assume eventual lose of BEC stability at final size and the release of accumulated energy via coulomb explosion. Assume the BEC produces a true vacuum in a region of negative vacuum energy which is inherently unstable within the ambient vacuum.
AI Answer
The scenario described presents a highly complex and speculative picture of energy flow involving various theoretical concepts. Here’s a breakdown of the energy flow, integrating elements from the provided search results:
I. Formation of the Exciton-Polariton BEC in a Hole Superconductor Optical Resonator
Spark and Plasma Compression:
A spark generates a plasma, compressing material into a highly dense state where a hole superconductor forms, as theorized for ball lightning.
Exciton-Polariton Formation via Strong Light-Matter Coupling:
The hole superconductor acts as an optical resonator, trapping photons. Within this resonator, strong coupling between excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) in the material and cavity photons occurs.
This coupling creates exciton-polaritons, hybrid light-matter quasiparticles.
This process can also lead to phenomena like negative mass for exciton-polaritons under certain conditions.
Exciton-Polariton BEC Formation:
The high density of polaritons, aided by efficient relaxation mechanisms like radiative pumping and vibronic assisted scattering, leads to stimulated scattering into the lowest energy state of the lower polariton branch, forming a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).
Vacuum Energy Pumping:
Vacuum energy is transferred to the BEC through a process of vacuum decay where energy flows from a state of higher vacuum energy to a state of lower vacuum energy, transitioning from a false vacuum state to a negative energy-based true vacuum state.
This energy influx pumps the BEC, sustaining and potentially increasing its polariton population over time, despite losses from light production.
II. Termination of the BEC and Energy Release
Instability and Loss of BEC Stability:
The BEC, as it accumulates more polaritons and vacuum energy, reaches a critical size or density, becoming inherently unstable within the ambient vacuum, which is at a higher energy state.
This instability leads to the eventual collapse or termination of the BEC.
Coulomb Explosion and Energy Release:
The accumulated energy, stored within the polariton condensate and potentially augmented by the vacuum energy transfer, is released through a Coulomb explosion.
This involves the rapid repulsion of like charges (positive ions) and/or negative electron after the sudden removal of neutralizing electrons (or the collapse of the system’s charge balance).
This process releases a significant amount of energy, potentially in the form of kinetic energy of the ions and electromagnetic radiation.
III. Key Considerations
Loss of Charge and Negative Mass:
The total loss of charge and production of negative mass during exciton-polariton formation are hypothetical aspects of the described system and require further investigation based on experimental evidence.
Negative Vacuum Energy:
The creation of a true vacuum with negative energy within the ambient vacuum is a concept related to theories involving vacuum decay and potentially exotic energy states.
Experimental Verification:
Many aspects of this scenario, especially those involving vacuum energy and the interaction of negative energy vacuums with the ambient environment, are speculative and require experimental validation.
In summary, the energy flow involves the concentration of energy through plasma compression, the conversion of energy into exciton-polaritons via strong light-matter coupling, further pumping of the system by a vacuum energy transfer mechanism, and the final release of accumulated energy through a Coulomb explosion when the BEC becomes unstable.
Prof. Neri Accornero:
1- they are licencees
2- n.a.
3- yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steve D:
Thank you for your opinion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea, your recent statement that production and perhaps sales will take place within this year has cheered everyone up. If you can answer these questions we would be happy:
Are your partners licensees of the Leonardo Corporation or have they purchased your patent?
In the second case, can they in turn grant construction and sales licenses?
Are there guarantees of withdrawal in the contract if production were to stop?
Thank you
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Re my post of 2025-05-10. I omitted the most persuasive reason why the solar industry is the major electricity provider being the cell physicists who will be receptive to learning the ecat process.
Dear Readers:
Please go to
http://www.rossilivecat.com
to find comments in other posts of this blog,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
In the hundreds is correct and they have been assembled in different assemblies up to 5 kW,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Transitioning to large scale production can be challenging but I understand that your team is very competent. Can you say anything about the number of pre-production units you have manufactured? I suspect it in the 100s. And of what varying power levels?
Steve D:
Thank you for your hypothesis; I am not authorized to give information about the major electricity provider so far,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Stefano
In response to Stefano’s post:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=875#comment-1699414
—————–
See post:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=873#comment-1698656
The electrons are transformed into quasiparticles called exciton-polaritons. This transformation enables these transformed electrons to combine into a single super quasiparticle particle called a Bose Einstein Condensate. This is the state that Dr. Rossi calls lowered entropy. When the quasiparticles terminates, the electrons regain energy as their entropy increases to the nonreal state normal electrons.
See this video for an additional explanation:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIvtmCk7LlY
Dr. Rossi is using science in his invention that is cutting edge and even beyond current discovery levels that are current in quantum computing.
For more explanation on Quasiparticles see
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=le_ORQZzkmE
Dear Andrea Rossi
Can you confirm that the solar industry is the major electricity provider?
You have informed us that your ecat tests were up to 5KW which can be achieved in a domestic solar setting. Existing solar equipment is compatible with the ecat. The 5kw figure will have strong demand for the ecat in the EV market too.
Traditional big plant grid suppliers will have no interest in producing a 10W or even a 5kw ecat. They do not have the physics background nor the manufacturing expertise to do so.
You have have tested solar and ecat integration and had earlier intended to demo this, so it’s possible that you earlier established contacts within the solar industry.
Solar enhancement in first instance will be a good introductory phase for the ecat installed by an industry with compatible skills.
Stefano:
The theoretical explication can be found in the publication
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_Ecat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
How the Ecat makes it is restricted information.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Ing. Rossi,
I am too ignorant to understand the manuscript of your work. But I understood the core is making electrons in an odered way that they can go to an entropic state, that produces energy.
Could you try to simplify, how to convince the electrons to go back in an ordered state?
Thank you very much
Stefano
Frank Acland:
Thank you for the link to the Youtube film: very professional work !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Stefano:
I am not able to answer,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Readers,
Every time we dive into these pages, excited about Andrea Rossi’s Ecat, it’s easy to forget just how mind-blowing this invention is.
We’ve grown so accustomed to it that its sheer awesomeness can get out of hand.
Picture this: a humble, nondescript box, no bigger than a lunchbox, with a simple plastic lid and a couple of wires dangling from it.
It looks like something you’d find in a garage, not a device that could rewrite the future.
But inside? It holds a secret so mind-blowing it could have been plucked from the pages of a science fiction epic: the power to summon nearly infinite energy from the universe.
It’s not just incredible; it’s the kind of thing that makes your heart pound and your skin tingle.
Mark my words: in the very near future, Andrea Rossi will be hailed as a titan of human progress, a genius whose vision transformed our world.
The Ecat is a real revolution, and Rossi’s name will go down in the history books as one of humanity’s greatest heroes.
Get ready: this is just the beginning!
Best Regards,
Italo R.
Dear Andrea,
What do you think about the new film about the E-Cat released yesterday?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvXhwMOdYIc
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Dear Ing Rossi,
We are all excited for your next steps. Could you say when, more or less, the name of the partners will be disclosed?
I expect that such an announcement will be anticipate long time before the serial delivery. Typically, in the industrialization process there must be some sneak preview of the final product and sone advertisment before the product is really on the market.
So, if the deliveries will start withon 2025 I expect that the partners should be disclosed quite soon. Could you tell, roughly, when?
Thank you
Stefano
Koen Vandewalle:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
It is joyous news that collaboration is now possible, leading to serial production.
Nearly all the processes that sustain modern society depend on affordable, safe, and preferably inexhaustible energy sources.
When I first discovered the Journal of Nuclear Physics about fifteen years ago—after a detour through “peak oil”—I immediately felt a spark, a shiver of recognition, as if Andrea Rossi’s invention was the missing puzzle piece we all needed.
Most of us learned in school about different forms of energy—potential, kinetic, radiant heat, and chemical energy. We also studied electricity and magnetism, though primarily from a macro-level perspective based on experiments and theories established long ago. While this approach is necessary for teaching fundamental concepts and practical applications to future generations, it hindered me—and likely many others—from truly understanding the real sources of energy. If educators cannot properly explain atomic energy—by which I mean the energy forms of elementary particles—it stunts the growth and development of societies.
That’s why I’d like to acknowledge and express my gratitude for Keith Thomson’s recently published article, Notes on an Electron Model. For me, at least, it establishes a clear link between what we’ve learned about chemistry on one hand and electromagnetism on the other.
When a growing society hits natural limits—such as the depletion of cheap, easily accessible oil reserves—conflict and war often erupt over the remaining scraps.
Humanity is capable of devising and implementing technical solutions for many problems, but all of them require energy—vast amounts of energy. Infinite energy, in fact, sustained infinitely and continuously.
This realization could leave any of us profoundly disheartened, as we now face numerous physical and natural boundaries—or even see them approaching faster in the form of climate crises in places once considered hospitable.
For me, the history of Andrea Rossi’s E-Cat represents the single most important source of hope and confidence. Fifteen years ago, it was a powerful spark of hope. That spark has never faded, and soon, it will ignite a new fire—one capable of warming, illuminating, cooling, irrigating, and drying for all of society; of powering transportation; and of recycling and purifying every material and product ever discarded.
Denis:
The lifespan does not depend on the energy supplied, it depends only on the hours of operation,
Warm regards,
A.R.
Do your power units work in all capacity all time, or we can tune it for a half, and it will work for 20 years?
Energy User:
Yes, but the price indicated now is referred to a massive production already, so we do not expect reductions of price,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steve D:
Several kW
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Good news re the tests. I see that a major electricity provider is a partner. Your tests will surely be of a scale to reassure such a partner of ecat performance. It will need to demonstrate that banks of ecats can interoperate flawlessly.
Can you tell us the power level reached in the tests?
Thank you
Dr. Rossi –
the current price for the ecat (2500 USD per KW) is oriented towards the end consumer.
Does the inclusion of “major electricity provider” as a partner indicate that significant economies of scale can be expected once mass production is achieved?
Todd Burkett,
I’ve been thinking about what is the best way to be independent and make full use of an e-cat. In my opinion would be to have a regular PV inverter + energy storage (there are several suppliers for this) and then, instead of a regular PV array on the roof, just connect the DC out of the ecat (a suitable configuration is required with DC output compatible with the PV inverter inputs specs, 200V maybe?). So you’ll use the cleverness of the inverter to charge the batteries when the demand is little, the batteries to deal with the peaks, plus you can also sell to the grid all the excess energy generated during the 24/7/365 of the ecat.
This way the ecat which doesn’t need to be rated for your peaks but just for your average daily usage, which is normally quite low.
Something I am not quite sure is how to disable the MPPT of the inverter, that might trigger an overcurrent on the ecat…. Some investigation will be required.
Andrea, what is your opinion on this use for the e-cat?
P.S. This would be awesome because people in a flat (like myself) could install an energy storage system and sell energy without needing to mees with the roof (which is generally not available)
Regards
axil:
Your comment is brilliant.
Actually, it was not a Freudian lapsus ( he,he,he ). The matter of the fact is that what I am dubbing Partner is actually a synergetic partnership between a manufacturing company, a financial fund and a major electricity provider,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Todd Burkett:
Thank you for your support.
Your request is a bit confusing and needs much more details to be answered to.
When we will be ready to deliver what you pre-ordered we will contact you and discuss with you the details of your installation and, if necessary, update your pre-order while turning it into a regular order,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Recently on this blog, Dr Rossi said this: “Our Partners attended the demonstration we made on September 27 2024 in the racetrack of Latina”
Is ” Our Partners” a slip of the tongue or was it an unintended Freudian slip. If you are permitted to answer, is your partner more than one company where the commercialization of the Ecat is a joint effort.
In corporate activity, a joint effort typically refers to a joint venture, which is a strategic alliance where two or more businesses pool their resources and expertise to achieve a specific business objective or project.
Key characteristics of a joint venture/joint effort is where shared ownership & control exists between participating companies typically share ownership (equity) and control over the venture, though this can vary based on the specific agreement.
Joint ventures are usually established for a clearly defined project or business activity, such as entering a new market, developing a product, or sharing technology.
While the parent companies retain their individual identities, a joint venture often involves creating a separate legal entity, like a corporation or LLC, to operate the joint effort.
Joint ventures can be temporary (for a specific project) or longer-term, depending on the goals and agreement between the partners.
Resource sharing among participating companies contribute various resources, which can include capital, technology, expertise, personnel, and intellectual property, to support the joint venture.
Risk and reward sharing among the partners share both the risks and rewards (profits and losses) associated with the venture, often in proportion to their ownership stakes or as outlined in the agreement.
Businesses engage in joint efforts (joint ventures) to better meet the creation or expansion of a market opportunity that result from market expansion: enter new geographic markets or customer segments where one or more partners lack established presence or local knowledge.
Also resource pooling that combines financial resources, technology, or expertise to achieve a goal that might be too costly or challenging for any single company to pursue alone.
Risk sharing will diversify and reduce the financial burden and risk associated with a project by sharing costs and potential losses with a partner.
A joint venture will allow compliment expertise or technology via access specific skills, knowledge, or technologies that a company may lack by partnering with a company that possesses those strengths.
Examples of joint ventures (joint efforts): Sony and Ericsson formed a joint venture (Sony Ericsson) to combine Sony’s expertise in consumer electronics with Ericsson’s mobile technology leadership to produce and market mobile phones.
Toyota and Panasonic established a joint venture to develop electric vehicle batteries, leveraging Toyota’s car design and production expertise and Panasonic’s battery technology.
In summary, a joint effort, or joint venture, is a collaborative business strategy that enables companies to achieve specific goals by sharing resources, expertise, and risks, and working together towards a common objective.
I had orders on the first day of pre-order availability so I’ve been watching and waiting very patiently for many years and very excited about this for the world, I wish to replace the energy use at my home, if I ordered AC versions 220 v output
With sufficient supply above my max energy request, will the E Kat act as the inverter or well I need something between the cut and my 200 amp panel, also for sake of me how much E cat would I need to supply the main panel with a max of 200 A?
P.S. P.S.I am waiting with anticipation for the first Optimus robot installed with E cats.
Gavino Mamia:
Thank you for your support.
Yes, I was present at the tests with the Partner, and yes I will publish the new form factor of the Ecat when we will have defined it.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The Weaver:
Thank you for your opinion
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Good morning Dr. Rossi,
I deduce that you were present at the tests with the new Partner.
When you will define the new form factor of the Ecat, will you show it to us? Or should we wait for the official presentation before the start of deliveries?
Good work.
I think all this partner bla bla bla is just bullshit.
Thoughts ?
Italo R.:
Our Partners attended the demonstration we made on September 27 2024 in the racetrack of Latina; stayed watching all the 6 hours of the race between the two Renault Twizy, took picture of everything, checked all the registrations of the magnificent control instrumentation made by the ERV Maico Marzocchi: they didn’t lose any instanct of the race, thanks also to the highly professional level of the cameramen, with 7 TV cameras put around the circuit, to allow to see both the cars for the 100% of the space and time of the race. Honestly, it was very impressive. You can watch all of the 6 hours of race and the following press conference in the Ecat Youtube channel ( get the fast link here: http://www.ecat.com ); obviously they also attended the press conference,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dott. AT:
Thank you for your support, but remember that, at least initially, you will need a backup,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Rolf:
Please place your pre-order by the form you can find here:
http://www.ecatorders.com
When we will be ready to deliver you will be contacted to confirm the order and discuss about the optionals,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Giannino Ferro Casagrande:
Thank you for your support.
We will contact all the persons that made a pre-order when ready to deliver to update and confirm the order,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Rik:
This issue will not depend on me, I will not be part of the sales department,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Luca:
I am not able to answer so far,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Prof. Camillo Urbani:
When we will be ready to deliver your pre-order we will contact you.
You will be free to make with your Ecat what you want, obviously respecting the instructions of the manual.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Art B:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
BYD the #1 EV maker world wide is aggressively expanding overseas and currently building 3 new factories in Europe. Now would be a good time for them to integrate the E-Cat into their in-house built battery packs. Imagine launching a new car will a Self-Charging battery offering unlimited range.
Congratulations! If no further obstacles arise, the first orders will probably be filled by the end of the year.
I have ordered a 3 kW device and, assuming I am among the first to receive it, I intend to present it to a university research center with which I maintain contacts and where I did my master’s thesis in physics.
The goal is to verify the performance of the device.
Do you think this initiative is appropriate?
Please, within the beginning or the end of year 2026?