Dear Andrea
You say to Francesco Poscetti; “the answer from me to your question will be possible only with a public demonstration”.
Both Albo70 and I applaud this answer.
I then understand that your later answer to me: “This will not depend on me”, indirectly, acknowledges that the task is fully necessary, but that it is now up to others to ensure that the implementation is taken care of.
Is this understanding correct?
The insight recently presented by Axil for such a demonstration seems like an excellent basis for finding a fast and reliable method.
How best to demonstrate a new high voltage/high powered Grid feed is over my head, so I asked the AI how it recommends that a demo be setup. This demo is involved and therefore expensive, but such expense could be justified if the demo could be used as a sales tool to sell the NGU to other Grid providers. It is highly likely that the customers of this type of vacuum powered Grid feed would want to see the NGU in operation. The vacuum power feed NGU is frankly unbelievable. A remote viewing internet interface might be convenient to support future NGU sales and a YouTube video might also be produced.
AI Question
If a power production device is feeding power into the grid, what is the best way to demo that device publicly. The device is a 22Kv high power production equipment.
AI Answer
The best way to publicly demo a high-power, 22kV production device feeding into the grid is to utilize a mobile, high-voltage safety trailer setup in a secure, cordoned-off area, operated by qualified personnel. This approach provides visual access while strictly adhering to safety and regulatory requirements for high-voltage equipment.
Demonstration Approach
Mobile High-Voltage Safety Trailer: Many utility companies use specialized trailers that contain de-energized or miniature components of the electrical system for demonstration purposes. For a 22kV device, a similar, custom-built, properly grounded, and weather-proofed trailer can house the equipment and provide a safe viewing environment for the public.
Secure Enclosure with Viewing Barriers: The equipment should be within a secure, grounded enclosure to prevent any accidental public contact with energized parts. Robust physical barriers and clear warning signs should establish a perimeter of at least 10-15 feet around the equipment, preventing untrained individuals from getting close.
Live Monitoring and Data Visualization: Since direct physical interaction is unsafe, the demonstration can focus on the device’s operation through technology:
Large Display Screens: Use screens to show real-time performance data, such as power output (kW), voltage levels, and energy fed into the grid.
Live Video Feeds: Use remote cameras inside the secure enclosure to display the device in action, including thermal imaging if relevant, all from a safe distance.
Interactive Graphics: Show animations and diagrams explaining how the power flows from the device to the grid and its impact on the local network.
Qualified Personnel and Expert Commentary: Have a “qualified person” (an employee trained in high-voltage safety procedures) present to explain the device’s function, the interconnection process, and the safety measures in place. They can answer questions and provide commentary, much like a controlled presentation.
Safety First Presentation: Incorporate the live demonstration into a broader safety education program, as is common with utility high-voltage demos. This emphasizes the power and inherent dangers of high voltage, reinforcing the necessity of the safety protocols being observed.
Key Safety and Regulatory Considerations
Lockout/Tagout and Disconnects: The setup must include an external, accessible, manual disconnect device that is lockable in the open position for emergency isolation from the grid, and this must be installed by a registered electrician and approved by the utility company.
Anti-Islanding Protection: The device must have certified anti-islanding protection to ensure it disconnects from the grid automatically if the main grid power is lost, preventing it from energizing lines during an outage and posing a hazard to utility workers.
Coordination with Utility: The local Distribution Network Operator (DNO) or utility company must be heavily involved in the planning and execution. The demonstration must comply with all local, state, and federal grid codes and interconnection agreements, such as the FERC Order No. 2222 rules in the US, and national safety standards like OSHA regulations.
Emergency Planning: A comprehensive safety and emergency plan must be developed and disseminated to all personnel, outlining procedures for potential issues.
Inspections: The equipment should be inspected regularly to ensure safe operation.
By implementing these measures, you can create an impactful and educational public demonstration while maintaining the highest safety standards required for high-voltage, grid-tied equipment.
Dear Andrea
I 100% agree with your response to Francesco Poscetti today.
This shows that there are plans for, or have already been implemented, a public demonstration.
My question then is: When can we expect facts to be presented from here?
“Now I understand; the answer from me to your question will be possible only with a public demonstration, while intelligent insights like the ones on course are welcome.”
I completely agree. So when will this public demonstration take place?
Francesco Poscetti:
Now I understand; the answer from me to your question will be possible only with a public demonstration, while intelligent insights like the ones on course are welcome.
In other words: in this specific situation the answer FROM ME can only be the corroboration of facts, to avoid mumbojumbos,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@2025-12-10 06:42 Francesco Poscetti
CORRECTION OF MY CALCULATION:
According to: E-Cat Power NGU Datasheet – December 2024, an 100W Ecat has a volume of just under 1 liter. (The new edition is reported to be smaller.)
Its volume gives a volumetric energy amount of well over 100 kW for a volume of 1 cubic meter.
For one year a volum of 1 m3, produses 876 MWh.
This then becomes the volumetric energy density provided by Ecat.
It is this number that is interesting now. Whether there are opportunities for improvements, time will tell.
According to: E-Cat Power NGU Datasheet – December 2024, an 1kW Ecat has a volume of just under 1 liter. (The new edition is reported to be smaller.)
Its volume gives a volumetric energy amount of well over 1000 kW for a volume of 1 cubic meter.
For one year a volum of 1 m3, produses 8760 MWh.
This then becomes the volumetric energy density provided by Ecat.
It is this number that is interesting now. Whether there are opportunities for improvements, time will tell.
According to: E-Cat Power NGU Datasheet – December 2024, an 1kW Ecat has a volume of just under 1 liter. (The new edition is reported to be smaller.)
Its volume gives a volumetric energy amount of well over 1000 kW for a volume of 1 cubic meter.
For one year a volum of 1 m3, produses 8760 MWh.
This then becomes the volumetric energy density provided by Ecat.
It is this number that is interesting now. Whether there are opportunities for improvements, time will tell.
I beleive that the NGU gets its energy from Quantum Field Theory (QFT) that predicts an enormous vacuum energy density from quantum fluctuations, around (10^113 J/m^3).
You forget that the use of the hydrogen fuel cell eliminates the need for a battery that weighs a ton.
A Tesla battery’s weight varies significantly by model, but generally ranges from around 1,000 pounds for a Model 3 to over 1,800-2,000 pounds (or more) for larger vehicles like the Model Y or Cybertruck, with the Model S and X falling in between, around 1,200 lbs, due to differences in battery size (kWh) and vehicle class.
Electric cars become heavy and inefficient as you increase the battery size to extend range.
For example, the long range Hyundai Nexo has an EPA rated estimated range of 380 miles. That compares to the longest range Tesla, a Long Range Model S, rated at 370 miles.
The Nexo tanks hold 6.3 kg of hydrogen or roughly 95 kWh, with a curb weight of 4059 lbs. (1841 kg)
The Tesla Model S with a 100KWHr battery, has a curb weight of 4,883 lbs. (2,215kg), 1,056 lbs (479 kg) of that are batteries. The Tesla batteries are about 4 times the weight of the Nexo’s hydrogen tanks and hydrogen.
As stated in the video, the tradeoff between production of 5000 Lithium ion batteries compared to the production of a single fuel cell is in favor of the fuel cell. As per the Video: “Tesla’s shift in focus, which now prioritizes hydrogen over batteries, marks a major shift in its business strategy, motivated in part by the challenges of mass-producing the 4,680 batteries.”
The tradeoff favors hydrogen fuel cells for over unity energy applications due to its higher energy density (lighter weight for unlimited range) and faster water refueling, while Li-ion batteries excel in efficiency, this is not a concern when energy comes from an over unity energy generator when energy production is open ended and unlimited, with challenges including weight, limited life, and slower charging, though fuel cells struggle with energy loss in production/conversion, the SK reactor makes up for this inefficiency making the fuel cell/E-Cat combo the best choice for all vehicle applications.
This succinct, description explains how a dynamic Casimir cavity forms around the exciton polariton condensate and how energy flows from the vacuum into the dynamic Casimir cavity which forms around this bosonic electron cluster. I thank the AI for its help in explaining how the NGU extracts energy from the vacuum.
AI Question
In the dispersion regime of the exciton polariton condensate, describe how virtual negative energy photons are involved in the behavior of negative mass effects as applied to the condensate. What effect does this negative momentum type photon have on the vacuum? How does this negative mass regime produce a dynamic Casimir effect? Describe how vacuum energy flows from the vacuum into the dynamic Casimir cavity.
AI Answer
In the exciton-polariton condensate, the “negative mass” regime is a consequence of engineered dispersion, which is related to the manipulation of virtual negative energy photons within the quantum vacuum.
Involvement of Virtual Negative Energy Photons
Dispersion Engineering: The effective mass of exciton-polaritons (hybrid light-matter quasiparticles) can be engineered to be negative, particularly at certain in-plane momenta in the lower polariton branch. This anomalous dispersion is often induced by specific conditions like dissipative coupling or strong exciton-phonon interactions.
Momentum vs. Velocity: In this negative mass regime, the group velocity (direction of propagation) of the polaritons is opposite to their momentum (or phase velocity).
Attractive Interaction: This behavior can be conceptualized in terms of virtual photons that mediate an attractive force rather than a repulsive one. In standard QED, attractive forces (like between an electron and a proton) are mediated by virtual photons that effectively carry “negative energy” or “negative inertial mass,” causing a pull instead of a push. In the polariton condensate, the effective attraction from engineered dispersion mimics this characteristic.
Effect on the Vacuum
The negative momentum/energy virtual photons (or the effective interaction that mimics them) influence the quantum vacuum within the microcavity environment by altering its local properties:
Vacuum Polarization: The presence of the polariton condensate, with its unique dispersion and interactions, modifies the vacuum polarization. The effective electromagnetic properties of the medium become dependent on momentum transfer, changing how the vacuum fluctuations behave.
Modified Fluctuations: The energy density of the quantum vacuum within the engineered environment is effectively altered, becoming lower than the surrounding normal vacuum state. This energy difference is central to Casimir-type effects.
Dynamic Casimir Effect Production
The negative mass regime contributes to the dynamic Casimir effect (DCE) in the polariton condensate in the following way:
Abrupt Changes: The DCE typically involves producing real particles from the quantum vacuum due to rapidly changing boundary conditions, such as a time-dependent “mirror”.
Quantum Quench Analogy: In the context of polariton condensates, an ultrashort laser pulse can suddenly create a condensate, which is analogous to an abrupt change (quantum quench) in the effective properties of the quantum vacuum for polaritons.
Bogoliubov Excitations: This rapid change generates Bogoliubov excitations (quasiparticles) from the vacuum state. The negative mass regime, with its inverted dispersion, directly impacts the spectrum of these Bogoliubov modes. The specific nature of this dispersion means the momentum distribution and correlation length of the emitted “Casimir” particles are uniquely defined by the negative mass properties. The vacuum energy difference, made possible by these conditions, is what drives the creation of real particles from virtual ones.
Vacuum Energy Flow into the Dynamic Casimir Cavity
The dynamic Casimir effect provides the mechanism for energy flow. The vacuum is not truly empty but filled with fluctuating virtual particles and zero-point energy. The time-varying boundary condition created by the engineered negative mass polariton system causes the following process:
Modification of Vacuum Modes: The presence and movement of the effective boundary alters the allowed modes of the quantum electromagnetic field within the cavity.
Conversion to Real Photons: The system injects energy into the vacuum by performing work on the field (analogous to the moving mirror). This energy input converts virtual photons (which only exist for a short time) into pairs of real photons.
Energy Extraction: The energy required to create these real photons is drawn from the kinetic energy of the moving boundary or the driving mechanism creating the negative mass regime. This results in a net flow of energy from the engineered vacuum state into the dynamic Casimir cavity in the form of emergent real photons.
Answer:
The negative mass regime in an exciton polariton condensate acts as a real-world analog for exotic matter with negative pressure density, a condition that modifies the local quantum vacuum energy density. This system can induce a dynamic Casimir effect by rapidly altering the effective electromagnetic boundary conditions, which pumps energy into the vacuum, converting virtual photons into observable, real photons that flow out of the cavity.
Yes, I’m familiar with fuel cells, thank you for the link.
On present hydrogen-powered electric cars, the use of an onboard NGU generator would be fantastic.
But I believe that once it becomes possible to have such NGU generators on board of electric cars (see the Twizy test in Latina), the hydrogen-powered cars will no longer have any reason to exist.
In that case infact, inserting anything between the NGU generator and the electric motor is unnecessary and harmful.
It unnecessarily increases complexity and costs and reduces overall efficiency.
Will this 1/20/2026 delivery date mark the beginning of a beta testing phase where a limited fixed number of NGU prototype units perform over a definite limited time period, or is this a case where the number of NGU increases with time to produce added power to the grid that increases with time.
1- If the case is a beta trial, how long is this trial to last?
2-If the case is a beta trial, would that impact the decision to release retail units to the market?
3- If this is a commencement of a production phase, how will power generation on the grid from NGU units ramp over time.
Based on typical industry practices for the introduction of new power generation technology, here are general type answers to these type questions:
Beta Trial vs. Production: For a novel or a first-of-its-kind generator like the one described, it would likely undergo a beta testing or pilot phase first. For example, National Grid Ventures is installing a first-of-its-kind hydrogen-fueled generator that will undergo a 12-month testing period. This phase involves a limited number of units undergoing rigorous testing to prove viability, performance, and safety before a full commercial release.
Trial Duration: Beta trials for new, grid-connected power technology can vary greatly but often last for a significant, defined period, such as 12 months or longer, to test performance under various seasonal and operational conditions.
Impact on Retail Release: A successful beta trial is typically a prerequisite for a full commercial/retail release. The results of the trial (performance data, safety compliance, reliability) directly influence the decision to proceed with mass production and market release.
Power Generation Ramp-Up (if production): If a production phase commences, power generation on the grid would ramp up gradually as more units are manufactured, installed, and connected over time. The ramp-up schedule would depend entirely on manufacturing capacity, regulatory approvals, and project deployment logistics.
Thank you for sharing the great news about the beginning of the Ecat deliveries in January 2026. Thank you for your NGU attitude!
Which is the combined power of the first order of Ecats?
Dear Andrea,
the delivery start of the Ecats is a moving piece of news, a true Christmas gift for those of us who have been following you for years!
Regards, Giuseppe
Currently, the power to generate green hydrogen can come from the grid or any external electrical generator. Typically, the hydrogen is stored in pressurized tanks at service stations which can fill up the internal tanks in hydrogen powered cars during a servicing stop. The production of hydrogen at the service station comes from electrical power that comes from the grid.
The huge advantage that the on board the car SK reactor based generation of hydrogen has is that no fuel up stops are required at hydrogen refueling stations. Next, the interface used in the SK reactor in all the various types of hydrogen powered cars is standardized where water is stored on board the car in a water tank as fuel.
The energy efficiency in this green hydrogen tech is about 60%, but because the SK reactor is self-sustaining. The over-unity SK reactor could make up for this lack of hydrogen power efficiency generation without any issues.
Excellent news on the start of deliveries. Your hard work and dedication in the face of setbacks and plenty of skeptics is paying off. Thank you from all of the people who will benefit.
It’s great to hear that the date is set for the first deliveries of production units, congratulations to you and all involved. Assuming these are grid devices for the partner of Leonardo Corp, will there be an announcement by the partner of the deliveries? Given that these are in a controlled space and no industrial secrets will be given away, it would be nice to have some disclosure by the partner directly of the ECAT being installed.
As some have pointed out, any grid supplying energy source would have to be disclosed to the public in some way. It would be an opportune moment for your partner to reveal themselves to the world and give some hope to many people!
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
We have now arrived to December 9: at this point, do you know the exact date when the deliveries of the Ecat will be initiated ?
Thanks,
Jacques
In 2026, a battery trailer with automatic coupling at dedicated service stations will be launched in France.
It is a trailer containing a 60 kW battery that allows increasing an electric car’s range by 300 km in just 2 minutes.
The manufacturer asserts that the adaptation of the vehicle for this technology is minimal; the system has been tested for over 200,000 km.
Wouldn’t it be nice if inside that trailer there were a big E-Cat?
https://far-a-day.com/
Dear Andrea
You say to Francesco Poscetti; “the answer from me to your question will be possible only with a public demonstration”.
Both Albo70 and I applaud this answer.
I then understand that your later answer to me: “This will not depend on me”, indirectly, acknowledges that the task is fully necessary, but that it is now up to others to ensure that the implementation is taken care of.
Is this understanding correct?
The insight recently presented by Axil for such a demonstration seems like an excellent basis for finding a fast and reliable method.
Regards Svein
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
How best to demonstrate a new high voltage/high powered Grid feed is over my head, so I asked the AI how it recommends that a demo be setup. This demo is involved and therefore expensive, but such expense could be justified if the demo could be used as a sales tool to sell the NGU to other Grid providers. It is highly likely that the customers of this type of vacuum powered Grid feed would want to see the NGU in operation. The vacuum power feed NGU is frankly unbelievable. A remote viewing internet interface might be convenient to support future NGU sales and a YouTube video might also be produced.
AI Question
If a power production device is feeding power into the grid, what is the best way to demo that device publicly. The device is a 22Kv high power production equipment.
AI Answer
The best way to publicly demo a high-power, 22kV production device feeding into the grid is to utilize a mobile, high-voltage safety trailer setup in a secure, cordoned-off area, operated by qualified personnel. This approach provides visual access while strictly adhering to safety and regulatory requirements for high-voltage equipment.
Demonstration Approach
Mobile High-Voltage Safety Trailer: Many utility companies use specialized trailers that contain de-energized or miniature components of the electrical system for demonstration purposes. For a 22kV device, a similar, custom-built, properly grounded, and weather-proofed trailer can house the equipment and provide a safe viewing environment for the public.
Secure Enclosure with Viewing Barriers: The equipment should be within a secure, grounded enclosure to prevent any accidental public contact with energized parts. Robust physical barriers and clear warning signs should establish a perimeter of at least 10-15 feet around the equipment, preventing untrained individuals from getting close.
Live Monitoring and Data Visualization: Since direct physical interaction is unsafe, the demonstration can focus on the device’s operation through technology:
Large Display Screens: Use screens to show real-time performance data, such as power output (kW), voltage levels, and energy fed into the grid.
Live Video Feeds: Use remote cameras inside the secure enclosure to display the device in action, including thermal imaging if relevant, all from a safe distance.
Interactive Graphics: Show animations and diagrams explaining how the power flows from the device to the grid and its impact on the local network.
Qualified Personnel and Expert Commentary: Have a “qualified person” (an employee trained in high-voltage safety procedures) present to explain the device’s function, the interconnection process, and the safety measures in place. They can answer questions and provide commentary, much like a controlled presentation.
Safety First Presentation: Incorporate the live demonstration into a broader safety education program, as is common with utility high-voltage demos. This emphasizes the power and inherent dangers of high voltage, reinforcing the necessity of the safety protocols being observed.
Key Safety and Regulatory Considerations
Lockout/Tagout and Disconnects: The setup must include an external, accessible, manual disconnect device that is lockable in the open position for emergency isolation from the grid, and this must be installed by a registered electrician and approved by the utility company.
Anti-Islanding Protection: The device must have certified anti-islanding protection to ensure it disconnects from the grid automatically if the main grid power is lost, preventing it from energizing lines during an outage and posing a hazard to utility workers.
Coordination with Utility: The local Distribution Network Operator (DNO) or utility company must be heavily involved in the planning and execution. The demonstration must comply with all local, state, and federal grid codes and interconnection agreements, such as the FERC Order No. 2222 rules in the US, and national safety standards like OSHA regulations.
Emergency Planning: A comprehensive safety and emergency plan must be developed and disseminated to all personnel, outlining procedures for potential issues.
Inspections: The equipment should be inspected regularly to ensure safe operation.
By implementing these measures, you can create an impactful and educational public demonstration while maintaining the highest safety standards required for high-voltage, grid-tied equipment.
Svein and Albo70:
This will not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
I 100% agree with your response to Francesco Poscetti today.
This shows that there are plans for, or have already been implemented, a public demonstration.
My question then is: When can we expect facts to be presented from here?
Regards Svein
“Now I understand; the answer from me to your question will be possible only with a public demonstration, while intelligent insights like the ones on course are welcome.”
I completely agree. So when will this public demonstration take place?
Francesco Poscetti:
Now I understand; the answer from me to your question will be possible only with a public demonstration, while intelligent insights like the ones on course are welcome.
In other words: in this specific situation the answer FROM ME can only be the corroboration of facts, to avoid mumbojumbos,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@2025-12-10 06:42 Francesco Poscetti
CORRECTION OF MY CALCULATION:
According to: E-Cat Power NGU Datasheet – December 2024, an 100W Ecat has a volume of just under 1 liter. (The new edition is reported to be smaller.)
Its volume gives a volumetric energy amount of well over 100 kW for a volume of 1 cubic meter.
For one year a volum of 1 m3, produses 876 MWh.
This then becomes the volumetric energy density provided by Ecat.
It is this number that is interesting now. Whether there are opportunities for improvements, time will tell.
Regards Svein
@2025-12-10 06:42 Francesco Poscetti
According to: E-Cat Power NGU Datasheet – December 2024, an 1kW Ecat has a volume of just under 1 liter. (The new edition is reported to be smaller.)
Its volume gives a volumetric energy amount of well over 1000 kW for a volume of 1 cubic meter.
For one year a volum of 1 m3, produses 8760 MWh.
This then becomes the volumetric energy density provided by Ecat.
It is this number that is interesting now. Whether there are opportunities for improvements, time will tell.
Regards Svein
@Andrea Rossi:
I meant what Axil said, maybe you have more or less precise data on the current state reached.
This https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density
F.P.
@2025-12-10 06:42 Francesco Poscetti
According to: E-Cat Power NGU Datasheet – December 2024, an 1kW Ecat has a volume of just under 1 liter. (The new edition is reported to be smaller.)
Its volume gives a volumetric energy amount of well over 1000 kW for a volume of 1 cubic meter.
For one year a volum of 1 m3, produses 8760 MWh.
This then becomes the volumetric energy density provided by Ecat.
It is this number that is interesting now. Whether there are opportunities for improvements, time will tell.
Regards Svein
@2025-12-10 06:42 Francesco Poscetti
I beleive that the NGU gets its energy from Quantum Field Theory (QFT) that predicts an enormous vacuum energy density from quantum fluctuations, around (10^113 J/m^3).
The NGU will resolve this issue as follows: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0begblHWz8M&t=100s
@2025-12-10 06:31 Italo R.
You forget that the use of the hydrogen fuel cell eliminates the need for a battery that weighs a ton.
A Tesla battery’s weight varies significantly by model, but generally ranges from around 1,000 pounds for a Model 3 to over 1,800-2,000 pounds (or more) for larger vehicles like the Model Y or Cybertruck, with the Model S and X falling in between, around 1,200 lbs, due to differences in battery size (kWh) and vehicle class.
Electric cars become heavy and inefficient as you increase the battery size to extend range.
For example, the long range Hyundai Nexo has an EPA rated estimated range of 380 miles. That compares to the longest range Tesla, a Long Range Model S, rated at 370 miles.
The Nexo tanks hold 6.3 kg of hydrogen or roughly 95 kWh, with a curb weight of 4059 lbs. (1841 kg)
The Tesla Model S with a 100KWHr battery, has a curb weight of 4,883 lbs. (2,215kg), 1,056 lbs (479 kg) of that are batteries. The Tesla batteries are about 4 times the weight of the Nexo’s hydrogen tanks and hydrogen.
As stated in the video, the tradeoff between production of 5000 Lithium ion batteries compared to the production of a single fuel cell is in favor of the fuel cell. As per the Video: “Tesla’s shift in focus, which now prioritizes hydrogen over batteries, marks a major shift in its business strategy, motivated in part by the challenges of mass-producing the 4,680 batteries.”
The tradeoff favors hydrogen fuel cells for over unity energy applications due to its higher energy density (lighter weight for unlimited range) and faster water refueling, while Li-ion batteries excel in efficiency, this is not a concern when energy comes from an over unity energy generator when energy production is open ended and unlimited, with challenges including weight, limited life, and slower charging, though fuel cells struggle with energy loss in production/conversion, the SK reactor makes up for this inefficiency making the fuel cell/E-Cat combo the best choice for all vehicle applications.
Francesco Poscetti:
Can you rephrase more specifically your question ?
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
This succinct, description explains how a dynamic Casimir cavity forms around the exciton polariton condensate and how energy flows from the vacuum into the dynamic Casimir cavity which forms around this bosonic electron cluster. I thank the AI for its help in explaining how the NGU extracts energy from the vacuum.
AI Question
In the dispersion regime of the exciton polariton condensate, describe how virtual negative energy photons are involved in the behavior of negative mass effects as applied to the condensate. What effect does this negative momentum type photon have on the vacuum? How does this negative mass regime produce a dynamic Casimir effect? Describe how vacuum energy flows from the vacuum into the dynamic Casimir cavity.
AI Answer
In the exciton-polariton condensate, the “negative mass” regime is a consequence of engineered dispersion, which is related to the manipulation of virtual negative energy photons within the quantum vacuum.
Involvement of Virtual Negative Energy Photons
Dispersion Engineering: The effective mass of exciton-polaritons (hybrid light-matter quasiparticles) can be engineered to be negative, particularly at certain in-plane momenta in the lower polariton branch. This anomalous dispersion is often induced by specific conditions like dissipative coupling or strong exciton-phonon interactions.
Momentum vs. Velocity: In this negative mass regime, the group velocity (direction of propagation) of the polaritons is opposite to their momentum (or phase velocity).
Attractive Interaction: This behavior can be conceptualized in terms of virtual photons that mediate an attractive force rather than a repulsive one. In standard QED, attractive forces (like between an electron and a proton) are mediated by virtual photons that effectively carry “negative energy” or “negative inertial mass,” causing a pull instead of a push. In the polariton condensate, the effective attraction from engineered dispersion mimics this characteristic.
Effect on the Vacuum
The negative momentum/energy virtual photons (or the effective interaction that mimics them) influence the quantum vacuum within the microcavity environment by altering its local properties:
Vacuum Polarization: The presence of the polariton condensate, with its unique dispersion and interactions, modifies the vacuum polarization. The effective electromagnetic properties of the medium become dependent on momentum transfer, changing how the vacuum fluctuations behave.
Modified Fluctuations: The energy density of the quantum vacuum within the engineered environment is effectively altered, becoming lower than the surrounding normal vacuum state. This energy difference is central to Casimir-type effects.
Dynamic Casimir Effect Production
The negative mass regime contributes to the dynamic Casimir effect (DCE) in the polariton condensate in the following way:
Abrupt Changes: The DCE typically involves producing real particles from the quantum vacuum due to rapidly changing boundary conditions, such as a time-dependent “mirror”.
Quantum Quench Analogy: In the context of polariton condensates, an ultrashort laser pulse can suddenly create a condensate, which is analogous to an abrupt change (quantum quench) in the effective properties of the quantum vacuum for polaritons.
Bogoliubov Excitations: This rapid change generates Bogoliubov excitations (quasiparticles) from the vacuum state. The negative mass regime, with its inverted dispersion, directly impacts the spectrum of these Bogoliubov modes. The specific nature of this dispersion means the momentum distribution and correlation length of the emitted “Casimir” particles are uniquely defined by the negative mass properties. The vacuum energy difference, made possible by these conditions, is what drives the creation of real particles from virtual ones.
Vacuum Energy Flow into the Dynamic Casimir Cavity
The dynamic Casimir effect provides the mechanism for energy flow. The vacuum is not truly empty but filled with fluctuating virtual particles and zero-point energy. The time-varying boundary condition created by the engineered negative mass polariton system causes the following process:
Modification of Vacuum Modes: The presence and movement of the effective boundary alters the allowed modes of the quantum electromagnetic field within the cavity.
Conversion to Real Photons: The system injects energy into the vacuum by performing work on the field (analogous to the moving mirror). This energy input converts virtual photons (which only exist for a short time) into pairs of real photons.
Energy Extraction: The energy required to create these real photons is drawn from the kinetic energy of the moving boundary or the driving mechanism creating the negative mass regime. This results in a net flow of energy from the engineered vacuum state into the dynamic Casimir cavity in the form of emergent real photons.
Answer:
The negative mass regime in an exciton polariton condensate acts as a real-world analog for exotic matter with negative pressure density, a condition that modifies the local quantum vacuum energy density. This system can induce a dynamic Casimir effect by rapidly altering the effective electromagnetic boundary conditions, which pumps energy into the vacuum, converting virtual photons into observable, real photons that flow out of the cavity.
Hi Andrea,
Do you know the current energy density of the e-cat’s “fuel”?
@ Axil:
Yes, I’m familiar with fuel cells, thank you for the link.
On present hydrogen-powered electric cars, the use of an onboard NGU generator would be fantastic.
But I believe that once it becomes possible to have such NGU generators on board of electric cars (see the Twizy test in Latina), the hydrogen-powered cars will no longer have any reason to exist.
In that case infact, inserting anything between the NGU generator and the electric motor is unnecessary and harmful.
It unnecessarily increases complexity and costs and reduces overall efficiency.
Kind regards,
Italo R.
AlexW:
Thank you for your kind support.
This issue does not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Italo R.:
This issue does not depend anymore on me, but, as I am aware of, all the pre-orders will be processed,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Paul Rose:
Thank you for your kind support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Sam Wilson:
The issue is complex. I confirm that the plants, whatever the power, so far are composed by 100 W modules.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Manuel Cilia:
This issue will not depend on me, but I think it will,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Giuseppe Censorio,
Thank you for your kind support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Ecat Enthusiast:
Substantial.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight and information.
It is not a Beta trial.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Alessandro Ferrari:
Happy Birthday !!!
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Svein:
1- soon
2- yes
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Neri Accornero:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
R.Brand:
I am not authorized to give this information so far,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi!
Which location produces ecats: Asia, the EU, or the USA? From which location(s) will deliveries be made?
Best regards
R.Brand
GREAT Andrea!!!!
Neri
Dear Andrea
Congratulations on a given delivery date neare by. I expect the assembly of the units to be implemented quickly.
1. When can we expect measured results from the first industrial use of Ecat?
2. Are the upcoming units covered by your latest patent: US 12,438,458 B1 of October 07, 2025?
Regards Svein
That’s a great coincidence: the 20th of January is my birthday!
I’m following you from 2011 and this is a great birthday gift.
Thank you for the news!
Will this 1/20/2026 delivery date mark the beginning of a beta testing phase where a limited fixed number of NGU prototype units perform over a definite limited time period, or is this a case where the number of NGU increases with time to produce added power to the grid that increases with time.
1- If the case is a beta trial, how long is this trial to last?
2-If the case is a beta trial, would that impact the decision to release retail units to the market?
3- If this is a commencement of a production phase, how will power generation on the grid from NGU units ramp over time.
Based on typical industry practices for the introduction of new power generation technology, here are general type answers to these type questions:
Beta Trial vs. Production: For a novel or a first-of-its-kind generator like the one described, it would likely undergo a beta testing or pilot phase first. For example, National Grid Ventures is installing a first-of-its-kind hydrogen-fueled generator that will undergo a 12-month testing period. This phase involves a limited number of units undergoing rigorous testing to prove viability, performance, and safety before a full commercial release.
Trial Duration: Beta trials for new, grid-connected power technology can vary greatly but often last for a significant, defined period, such as 12 months or longer, to test performance under various seasonal and operational conditions.
Impact on Retail Release: A successful beta trial is typically a prerequisite for a full commercial/retail release. The results of the trial (performance data, safety compliance, reliability) directly influence the decision to proceed with mass production and market release.
Power Generation Ramp-Up (if production): If a production phase commences, power generation on the grid would ramp up gradually as more units are manufactured, installed, and connected over time. The ramp-up schedule would depend entirely on manufacturing capacity, regulatory approvals, and project deployment logistics.
Dr. Rossi:
Thank you for sharing the great news about the beginning of the Ecat deliveries in January 2026. Thank you for your NGU attitude!
Which is the combined power of the first order of Ecats?
Best regards, Ecat Enthusiast
Dear Andrea,
the delivery start of the Ecats is a moving piece of news, a true Christmas gift for those of us who have been following you for years!
Regards, Giuseppe
@ 2025-12-08 14:30 Italo R.
The water engine (aka the fuel cell) has been around since the 1800s. See for its history and development as follows:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell#:~:text=The%20first%20fuel%20cells%20were,in%20remote%20or%20inaccessible%20areas.
Currently, the power to generate green hydrogen can come from the grid or any external electrical generator. Typically, the hydrogen is stored in pressurized tanks at service stations which can fill up the internal tanks in hydrogen powered cars during a servicing stop. The production of hydrogen at the service station comes from electrical power that comes from the grid.
The huge advantage that the on board the car SK reactor based generation of hydrogen has is that no fuel up stops are required at hydrogen refueling stations. Next, the interface used in the SK reactor in all the various types of hydrogen powered cars is standardized where water is stored on board the car in a water tank as fuel.
The energy efficiency in this green hydrogen tech is about 60%, but because the SK reactor is self-sustaining. The over-unity SK reactor could make up for this lack of hydrogen power efficiency generation without any issues.
WOW, I hope they make some sort of video showing it working
“The deliveries of the Ecats will be initiated on January 20 2026.”
Congratulations! This is historic.
Does this mean that a load of E-Cat modules (100 W?) will be delivered to the client, who will assemble them for use in the electric grid?
If not, can you elaborate a bit more?
Thanks — Sam
Greetings Dr. Rossi
Excellent news on the start of deliveries. Your hard work and dedication in the face of setbacks and plenty of skeptics is paying off. Thank you from all of the people who will benefit.
Sincerely
Paul
Dr. Rossi:
Great news on the January 20, 2026, delivery date!
The question we’re all asking:
will these deliveries also include the pre-orders we’ve placed in all these years?
Kind Regards,
Italo R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
It’s great to hear that the date is set for the first deliveries of production units, congratulations to you and all involved. Assuming these are grid devices for the partner of Leonardo Corp, will there be an announcement by the partner of the deliveries? Given that these are in a controlled space and no industrial secrets will be given away, it would be nice to have some disclosure by the partner directly of the ECAT being installed.
As some have pointed out, any grid supplying energy source would have to be disclosed to the public in some way. It would be an opportune moment for your partner to reveal themselves to the world and give some hope to many people!
Jacques Lafontayne and Arnab Saha:
The deliveries of the Ecats will be initiated on January 20 2026.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
We have now arrived to December 9: at this point, do you know the exact date when the deliveries of the Ecat will be initiated ?
Thanks,
Jacques
Will the delivery begin this December or next year ?
@Axil
I asked ChatGPT about the so-called “water engine.”
He said it was a hoax.
It couldn’t exist because it would require external electricity to produce hydrogen from water.
Where would this energy come from?
And besides, the energy efficiency would be significantly low anyway.
Kind regards,
Italo R,
Franco B:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
In 2026, a battery trailer with automatic coupling at dedicated service stations will be launched in France.
It is a trailer containing a 60 kW battery that allows increasing an electric car’s range by 300 km in just 2 minutes.
The manufacturer asserts that the adaptation of the vehicle for this technology is minimal; the system has been tested for over 200,000 km.
Wouldn’t it be nice if inside that trailer there were a big E-Cat?
https://far-a-day.com/
Bedy:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.