by
V.A. Uzikov
.
I.V.Uzikova
.
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Introduction
So far, the common practice of radioactive waste treatment in Russia was controlled temporary storage – the so-called “procrastinated decision”. In Russia, the total amount of accumulated liquid radioactive waste (hereinafter LRW) is 477 million, and 77 millions of solid radioactive waste. However, as the world and Russian practice shows, that the controlled storage of radioactive waste in the long term results their accumulation and is not acceptable as a strategy of RAW treatment. Such strategy does not lead to the final safe solution of the problem, but requires the permanent overhead costs without clear prospect [1].
Thus, high production complexes for LRW treatment are needed. Key consumers interested in of liquid radioactive waste treatment plants are:
• enterprises of spent fuel treatment;
• existing nuclear power plants with power and research reactors;
• enterprises involved to decommissioning of boats and ships with nuclear power plants;
• enterprises involved to decommissioning of nuclear power plants and research reactor
installations;
• enterprises involved in the liquidation of the consequences of nuclear accidents
(Chernobyl, Fukushima , etc.).
Nowadays, mainly thermal and sorption methods are used for treatment of liquid radioactive waste. Using these methods, the main part of liquid radioactive waste, produced during the operation of nuclear installations of various purposes and other facilities using radioactive substances, is treated. These methods cannot be called original or specific for the treatment of radioactive waste (hereinafter RAW), because they were taken from various conventional industries and modified. Mainly these are methods, usually used in purification, treatment and desalination of water.
For implementing of treatment methods of non-nuclear industry and their modification, the specific requirements of industries related to radiation must be taken into account [2]:
• leak tightness of the equipment, excluding the possibility of radioactive contamination of buildings, staff and the environment;
• feasibility of the equipment operation to minimize the need for maintenance services in the radiation conditions, which require complicated and expensive works of equipment decontamination.
The most universal method for treatment of almost all types of LRW is a thermal method, in which LRW solution is evaporated to concentrate radioactive products in a small volume.
Practice of LRW treatment shows that the main source of problems in evaporation equipment are the heat exchange pipes. During the operation, their surface is covering inevitably by sediments, which have to be removed periodically by chemical washing, with interruption of the treatment process and at the same time with producing a large amount of secondary LRW. This inevitability is caused by evaporator’s design including heat exchange tubes – the process of sedimentation of the tubes cannot be prevented, it can only be decreased by using different methods: increasing the circulation velocity in heat exchange tubes or addition of special chemicals additives. The inevitability of foam-and-droplets entrainment from the evaporator is also caused by its design, so the additional special equipment have to be used for steam and condensate purification from radionuclides. Moreover, it is necessary to perform periodically the mechanical cleaning of heat exchange tubes which leads to important radiation doses to personnel.
All these problems existing in LRW evaporation technology are well known and studied, and some alternative methods are considered in [2], but it is concluded that these methods have a low productivity and heat transfer because of the lack of an organized circulation of evaporated solution [2].
The ideal comprehensive solution of the problem of LRW treatment is to create a continuous LRW evaporation technology with cementation of the concentrate at the same time, and the possible addition of used sorbents and sludge to the resulting cement compound. The main factor limiting the use of evaporation technology is a high energy costs, but with the appearance at energy market such installations as E-Cat, this problem disappears.
For comprehensive solution of the problems of LRW concentration and its subsequent cementation it is proposed to establish a technological process based on the two following principles:
1. To perform the process of LRW concentration in the evaporator equipment, that helps to prevent droplet entrainment and excludes degradation of technological parameters in time (to exclude interruptions in work of evaporation equipment due to fouling of the heating surface).
2. To make the processes of evaporation (secondary evaporation) and conditioning of LRW (inclusion in cement matrix) sequental and continuous, thereby eliminating the need for a large number of intermediate containers and dosing of separate portions.
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Franz Kozan:
Thank you for your sustain,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
As we all can see, the world is in danger for a series of wars , all of them depending on oil reserves. Your invention if it will succeed, could extinguish the reasons to make most of the wars on course, not only help to save the planet from the global warming.
May God help you,
Franz
Adrian Harmeson:
I thank with all my heart the Professors and the researchers that dedicate their time to read about the work of our Team,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi:
Your paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
has gone viral: 1200 readings only in the last days !
Adrian
Congratulations to Irina and Vitaly Uzikov for this very interesting technology.
Rob
Bepy:
Entropy is the proof of the existence of a Creator. The second Principle of Thermodynamic makes impossible that in a system a spontaneous and accidental combination of elementary particles ( which means infinite entropy ) can make up the rigorously working mechanisms of minerals, vegetables, animals and humans ( very low entropy ) of the same system. It is like to see a river proceeding spontaneously, without an external force, from the sea to the mountain where its source is.
I defy anybody to give me a demonstration that entropy can run on the contrary respect the second principle of thermodynamic. To say that statistically a disordered system can spontaneously become ordered, just trying and retrying, is like to say that pouring ink from a barrel to a floor enough times, sooner or later you find the Bible written on the floor, just casually.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I read in the book “Ecat The New Fire” of Vessela Nikolova that you are a man of Faith. I’d loke to ask you if you think that science could give a proof of the existence of a Superior Being.
Thanks if you accept to answer,
Bepy
Natasha Satchwell:
No.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi,
do you think that your technology could be useful to limit the radioactivity of nuclear wastes?
Jean Jurasin:
I agree,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
This paper of Vitaly and Irina Uzikov is very interesting. Thanks for publishing.
Jean
Jack Salazak:
The spectrometer has a cursor that can be put on any point of the integral and making so it indicates the wavelength corresponding to that derivate with a 0.1 nm resolution in the left corner of the screen. In the video this particular is not shown.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
In the video
http://www.ecatskdemo.com
the graph of the spectrometer indicates only the hundreds of nm. How can you see the decimals of nm?
Robert:
I agree.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The strength and the success of
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
comes from its theoretical density and its coherence with the demo in
http://www.ecatskdemo.com
This is, I think, the reason of its unbelievable almost 23000 readers.
Benjamin:
Thank you for your opinion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
I tink that Stenem N. Karels has given a good suggestion, even though your presentation in http://www.ecatskdemo.com has been convincing.
Cheers
Ben
Roberto Silvera:
Focusing the spectrometer eye exactly in the highest density of the plasma, where it is a black body. It is a point with a surface of 0.0157 cm^2.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
How did you measure 24000 K ?
Tim Wiggers:
Thank you for your attention to our work,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Thank yu for the extremely interesting http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
Godspeed
Tim
Emma:
My patent US 9,115,913 B1 is a peer reviewed publication. US patents are granted after an examination made by peers that before granting the publication study it much more thoroughly that any other existing publication in the world, because, obviously, the implications of a granted US patent are far more reaching than any other publication.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Do you have a peer reviewed publication of your invention I watched on http://www.ecatskdemo.com ?
Damiano:
Thanks to you for your attention to the work of our Team,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi:
Thank you for the video http://www.ecatskdemo.com
Godspeed,
Damiano
Daryl Reider:
We are trying to gat the most of it, but it is premature to have consolidated data.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Do you think it will be possible to get from the Ecat SK only electric power, so that all its efficiency will serve to generate electricity?
Roberta Butturini:
The oscillations are due to the magnetic firld generated by the plasma.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
Why do you think that the plasma dances as a “ballerina” in the Ecat SK, as we saw in the video http://www.ecatskdemo.com?
Rudolph:
Yes.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Andrea Rossi,
In your interesting paper on
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
you propose three theoretical hypothesis: can you tell us which one is your “pet” line of theoretical interpretation? After watching carefully the video
http://www.ecatskdemo.com
I concluded that it is the one in paragraph 4, also due to the signature in the graphic of the spectrometer. Am I correct?
Thank you,
Rudolph
Kristall Calcagino:
Yes, you are correct and for what concerns the exhaustivity of the explication og the technology, there is a precise limit due to the defense of the intellectual property.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
I watched today http://www.ecatskdemo.com
I want to congratulate for the video, very clear under a technological and scientific point of view. I read around that somebody is discontent because it was not exhaustive to explain the technology or that it was not beautiful, but clearly it was not destined to a wide public, but to the selected sector of market you are aiming to in this initial phase of distribution of your service. I am sure the big industries you made it for have reacted positively to it, because there is all they can ask for as a presentation.
Am I correct?
Godspeed,
Kristall
Dear Dr Vitaly Uzikov:
Did this interesting technology you describe in your publication find applications and, if yes’ with which results ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Terrell
Hettie Roff:
Yes.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Has the presentation in http://www.ecatskdemo.com generated some important contract already?
Best Regards
Hettie
Dear Dr Irina and Dr Vitaly Uzikov:
I wish you that in the year 2018 your important technology for the reduction of the radioactive wastes will be recognized and applied.
Warm Regards,
DT
DT:
Yes, surely and it would be a very useful application.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Do you think the technology to dispose of radioactive wastes set up by Vitaly Uzikov and Irina Uzikova can be fueled by the E-Cat system?
Warm Regards,
DT