{"id":876,"date":"2015-03-17T11:16:31","date_gmt":"2015-03-17T16:16:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com\/?p=876"},"modified":"2015-03-17T11:16:31","modified_gmt":"2015-03-17T16:16:31","slug":"to-understand-the-basics-of-black-hole-cosmology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com\/?p=876","title":{"rendered":"To Understand The Basics Of Black Hole Cosmology"},"content":{"rendered":"
.<\/span>
\nby
\n. <\/span><\/em><\/div>\n
U.V.S. Seshavatharam<\/em><\/div>\n
Honorary faculty, I-SERVE, Alakapuri,<\/em><\/div>\n
Hyderabad-35, AP, India<\/em><\/div>\n
Email: seshavatharam.uvs@gmail.com
\n.<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n
S. Lakshminarayana<\/em><\/div>\n
Dept. of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University,<\/em><\/div>\n
Visakhapatnam-03, AP, India<\/em><\/div>\n
Email: lnsrirama@yahoo.com<\/em>
\n.<\/span><\/div>\n
Read the whole article<\/a><\/div>\n
Download the ZIP file<\/a><\/div>\n
.<\/span><\/div>\n
Introduction<\/strong><\/div>\n
In this paper by highlighting the following 28 major short comings of modern big bang cosmology the authors made an attempt to develop a possible model of Black hole cosmology in a constructive way [1-3].<\/div>\n
From now onwards instead of focusing on \u2018big bang cosmology\u2019 it is better to concentrate on \u2018black hole cosmology\u2019.<\/div>\n
Its validity can be well confirmed from a combined study of cosmological and microscopic physical phenomena.<\/div>\n
It can be suggested that, there exists one variable physical quantity in the presently believed atomic and nuclear physical constants and \u201crate of change\u201d in its magnitude can be considered as a \u201cstandard measure\u201d of the present \u201ccosmic rate of expansion\u201d.<\/div>\n
Michael E. McCulloch says [4]: For an observer in an expanding universe there is a maximum volume that can be observed, since beyond the Hubble distance the velocity of recession is greater than the speed of light and the redshift is infinite: this is the Hubble volume.<\/div>\n
Its boundary is similar to the event horizon of a black hole because it marks a boundary to what can be observed.<\/div>\n
This means that it is reasonable to assume that Hawking radiation is emitted at this boundary both outwards and inwards to conserve energy, and any wavelength that does not fit exactly within this size cannot be allowed for the inwards radiation, and therefore also for the outwards radiation.<\/div>\n
According to Hawking, the mass of a black hole is linearly related to its temperature or inversely-linearly related to the wavelength of the Hawking radiation it emits.<\/div>\n
Therefore, for a given size of the universe there is a maximum Hawking wavelength it can have and a minimum allowed gravitational mass it can have.<\/div>\n
If its mass was less than this then the Hawking radiation would have a wavelength that is bigger than the size of the observed universe and would be disallowed.<\/div>\n
The minimum mass it predicts is encouragingly close to the observed mass of the Hubble volume.<\/div>\n
Thus it is possible to model the Hubble volume as a black hole that emits Hawking radiation inwards, disallowing wavelengths that do not fit exactly into the Hubble diameter, since partial waves would allow an inference of what lies outside the horizon.<\/div>\n
According to Tinaxi Zhang [5-7], the universe originated from a hot star-like black hole with several solar masses and gradually grew up through a super massive black hole with billion solar masses to the present state with hundred billion-trillion solar masses by accreting ambient materials and merging with other black holes.<\/div>\n
According to N. J. Poplawski [8-11], the Universe is the interior of an Einstein-Rosen black hole and began with the formation of the black hole from a supernova explosion in the center of a galaxy.<\/div>\n
He theorizes that torsion manifests itself as a repulsive force which causes fermions to be spatially extended and prevents the formation of a gravitational singularity within the black hole\u2019s event horizon.<\/div>\n
Because of torsion, the collapsing matter on the other side of the horizon reaches an enormous but finite density, explodes and rebounds, forming an Einstein-Rosen bridge (wormhole) to a new, closed, expanding universe.<\/div>\n
Analogously, the Big Bang is replaced by the Big Bounce before which the Universe was the interior of a black hole.<\/div>\n
The rotation of a black hole would influence the space-time on the other side of its event horizon and results in a preferred direction in the new universe.<\/div>\n
Most recently cosmologists Razieh Pourhasan, Niayesh Afshordi and Robert B. Manna have proposed [12] that the Universe formed from the debris ejected when a four-dimensional star collapsed into a black hole – a scenario that would help to explain why the cosmos seems to be so uniform in all directions.<\/div>\n
.<\/span><\/p>\n
Read the whole article<\/a><\/div>\n
Download the ZIP file<\/a><\/div>\n

. <\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

. by . U.V.S. Seshavatharam Honorary faculty, I-SERVE, Alakapuri, Hyderabad-35, AP, India Email: seshavatharam.uvs@gmail.com . S. Lakshminarayana Dept. of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-03, AP, India Email: lnsrirama@yahoo.com . Read the whole article Download the ZIP file . Introduction In this paper by highlighting the following 28 major short comings of modern big bang cosmology […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/876"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=876"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/876\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":877,"href":"https:\/\/www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/876\/revisions\/877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=876"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}