Stephen:
1. yes
2. no
3. confidential so far
4. see point 3
5. confidential so far
6. This issue does not depend on me
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
May I ask a few questions regarding this update..
1. Are these industrial units based on the 100W devices you recently tested.
2. Or on the smaller 10 W modules previously developed?
3. Are these full 22 kV substations
4. Or just the ecat units themselves.
5. Could you indicate roughly the initial ecat unit production rate using this automation?
6 I assume you are currently aiming to ramp up quickly the production rate would 1 million 100 W units per year be achievable within one year?
I’m looking forward to hearing more news about it. It would be wonderful to see the technology finally validated and used as a product in some way.
Good luck with its first official steps out side the lab!
Jeff:
1. I do not understand exactly your question: can you kindly rephrase it more clearly ?
2. They have the right to do what they deem to be more opportune in the specific situations
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Tommek:
1. I am not authorized to give this information, so far
2. As far as I know, yes
3. Surely they are coming, how much soon I do not know, because this issue does not depend on me
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello
How many units did your licensee pre-order, as he was one of the first major customers.
1.
Can they answer the question now?
2. And does it continue with the other orders afterwards?
3.
Are there any photos of the final product coming soon?
1. How much is considered a lot in your global manufacturers first December deliveries?
2. Are the industrial customers under an NDA or can they confirm sources, good or bad results?
Boyve Fredriksson:
Thank you for your kind attention since 2011 to the work of our Team !
I do not see analogies between the so called “Dark Energy” and the Zero Point Energy. You can find corroboration of this opinion reading a rigorous description of the matter in the paper “Ecat SK and Long Range Particle Interactions”: you can find it also here: http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea!
I have been following your work and the developments in this field since 2011. I’m wondering whether you think the Zero Point field could in some way be connected to what we call dark energy — and if the difference in energy density between these two phenomena might be due to some as-yet unknown mechanism in the vacuum?
I would very much like to hear your perspective on this! Best regards Boyve
Their vision is to supply engines to aircraft manufacturers. Multiple engines could be used on a single aircraft. Aircraft speed is subsonic, as in Regional airlines.
Combining their engine with an eCat Power Generator could mean unlimited range and operating hours.
Mary Louise:
The Report will be published as always on EcatWorld and I think it will start to give information about the deliveries,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Are you aware if your licensee is exploring humanoid robotics field of interest/application?
Probably many of us have seen the recent progress of humanoid robots…
A humanoid robot with AI and an Ecat (10 years autonomy) would be a groundbreaking developement.
Dear Andrea
Will the upcoming information about the start of production also include information about the manufacturer and production capacities?
Regards Svein
The NGU is a type of Polariton laser
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton_laser
Polariton laser: Description and History
A Polariton laser can produce a powerful coherent light stream. As is my way, I like to explore the details of an interesting system. But not knowing how a polariton laser works, I will utilize the AI to teach how the NGU system produces light in detail.
I added notes to connect what the AI said to the NGU design.
AI Question
How does an exciton polariton condensate emit coherent light? How is the waveform of the coherent light wave determined?
AI Answer
An exciton-polariton condensate emits coherent light through the process of photon leakage from the microcavity, which occurs because all the polaritons in the condensate occupy the same macroscopic quantum state with a single, well-defined phase. The waveform of the emitted light is determined by the properties of this macroscopic quantum state, including the energy, momentum, and phase of the condensate, which can be influenced by the microcavity design, the material properties, and the excitation conditions.
Note: In the case of the NGU, the microcavity is the polariton shell that encloses the positive core of the Hole superconductor which Dr. Rossi calls the bosonic electron cluster.
Mechanism of Coherent Light Emission
1. Exciton-Polariton Formation: In a semiconductor microcavity in the strong coupling regime, light (cavity photons) and matter (quantum well excitons) hybridize to form exciton-polaritons, which are composite bosons.
Note: In the Hole superconductor, the exciton (Hole) component of the polariton is located in the positive core of matter that forms the positively charged central element of the Hole superconductor
2. Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC): Due to their very low effective mass (about 10^-5) the mass of a free electron) and bosonic nature, polaritons can undergo a phase transition to a condensed state at relatively high temperatures (even room temperature in some materials) and low densities.
3. Macroscopic Coherence: Above a critical excitation threshold, a large number of polaritons accumulate into the lowest energy quantum state (ground state) via stimulated scattering processes. This collective occupation leads to spontaneous formation of long-range temporal and spatial coherence, meaning all the polaritons in the condensate share the same wave function, frequency, and a constant phase relationship.
4. Photon Leakage: Polaritons have a finite lifetime (typically picoseconds) because their photonic component can leak out of the semi-transparent mirrors of the microcavity.
Note: Polaritons produce light (release their photon) when they terminate.
5. Coherent Emission: Since the emitted photons carry the properties of the polaritons from the macroscopically occupied coherent state, the resulting emission is highly coherent light, similar to a laser but without requiring population inversion.
Determination of the Coherent Light Waveform
The waveform (shape, frequency, phase, and momentum profile) of the coherent light is directly imprinted with the characteristics of the condensed polariton state and the microcavity:
• Frequency/Wavelength: The frequency of the light is determined by the energy of the condensed polariton state, which is primarily defined by the microcavity’s optical mode and the exciton energy levels (the polariton dispersion curve).
• Phase: The phase of the emitted light reflects the macroscopic phase of the polariton condensate. This phase can be uniform over large distances, or exhibit complex spatial patterns (like vortices) depending on the excitation conditions and confinement potential.
• Momentum and Directionality: The in-plane momentum of the polariton determines the angle at which the photon is emitted from the cavity. Condensates typically form in low-momentum states, resulting in a highly directional, narrow-angle emission pattern.
• Spatial Profile: The spatial distribution of the light reflects the spatial profile of the condensate within the cavity.
• Polarization: The polarization properties of the emitted light are also determined by the condensate state, which can be influenced by the material’s crystal structure or external fields.
Note: In the past, the SKLed reactor emitted polarized light.
2021-04-02 17:11 KeithT
Dear Andrea,
Is the light emitted by the Ecat SKLed polarized?
Regards,
Keith Thomson.
2021-04-03 08:34 Andrea Rossi
KeithT:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Waveform Stability: The stability and linewidth (spectral purity) of the waveform are affected by interactions with non-condensed polaritons (the “reservoir”) and the specific experimental setup, such as using injection locking or strong confinement to stabilize the phase.
There is an I-Q curve for electrical power sources. It is current versus Voltage. The output current generally rises with increasing output Voltage until some limit occurs and the current rapidly falls off. That peak in the current before it descends is the maximum power point.
An MPPT is trying to find that point for solar panel generated power as that point charges with illumination, weather, and temperature. For the NGU Power Generator, hopefully, it is constant. I understand that the NGU Power Generator will turn off if a 105% of max power overload condition occurs.
So, if the inverter MPPT does not test more than 105% of maximum power, it will not likely trip the shutdown of the NGU Power Generator. This what I understand. This does not mean that this how the NGU Power Generator will respond to MPPT variations in load. The only to tell for sure is by detailed, knowledgeable review of both the inverter MPPT and the NGU Power Generator design, or, by extensive testing.
As stated previously, another approach is to software disable the inverter MPPT or run at NGU Power Generator output voltages outside the MPPT range. Again, experimentation is needed.
The previously reported Solar Panel Supplementation by NGU Power Generators may have addressed the MPPT concern. I do not know for certain.
@Horst Dieter Preschel
You are probably right and this requires testing when the ECAT is available. I’m no expert in exactly how the inverter circuitry operates on the MPPT input, but am aware it attempts to find the maximum power point for given irradiance conditions of a solar array. My naive assumption was that given a fixed input it would be unable to increase power so would give up trying, but I can see that perhaps it would keep attempting to draw more current until the ECAT shuts down.
It sounds like testing has been done on this already so it would be great to have some clarity before deliveries begin, the same goes for certification for solar installers to integrate this with current solar systems.
Dr Rossi,
Is it confirmed that your licensee will start the deliveries only with high voltage intermediate power lines stations ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Best Regards,
Tino
@AlexW
MPPT is a software component in inverters or PV battery charge controllers that tracks the maximum power point (MPP) of a PV module under changing conditions – hence the name Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). This is achieved by incrementally increasing and decreasing the current from the PV module and measuring the resulting increase or decrease in power. If the power increases, the change continues; otherwise, it is reversed.
Directly connecting Ecats can lead to an overload. For this reason, I have proposed overcurrent protection between the Ecat and the inverter or charge controller. This protection simulates, to a certain extent, the behavior of PV modules.
I would not use Ecats with high voltage input PV inverters. That could be dangerous. I think this would require professional development and testing.
@Horst Dieter Preschel @Rafal
Would an adapter be required if the output from the ECAT could be set within the expected voltage range of the solar MPPT input? Don’t forget that the 100W ECAT can be made with higher voltage than 12V, based on the spec sheet it seems 12V is the limit for the 10W cell. So depending on the connection configuration of the 10W cells you could get up to 120V from a 100W ECAT, this would also reduce the current which would be beneficial.
We have an oversized inverter as we were limited to only 9 panels on our current roof space, but planned to extend our roof and add more in future. Now I plan to add a 1kW ECAT on one MPPT and the 9 panels on the other input. With a startup voltage of 150V for my inverter, surely as long as this is exceeded by the ECAT it should run as a fixed solar input? It seems to me that for a 1kW ECAT the voltage should be tunable in the range 12-1200V (12-120V for a 100W)
@Andrea Rossi – Perhaps you could comment on whether my assumption is correct?
Dr. Rossi,
1. Will it be possible that in future your global licensee will study the application of the Ecat technology in the electric vehicles field ?
2. has already your global licensee found all the locations and outsourcing network necessary for a global manufacturing and distribution of the Ecat ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Ben
the answer from Grok is correct but wrong because your question is wrong.
Ecats and PV panels are different devices, one important difference is Ecats shut down and PV panels lower the voltage when overloaded.
To connect Ecats to a device like a Victron SmartSolar MPPT 150/70 controller you need an adapter between the Ecats and the controller to take care off the technical reqirements of both devices. The most important requirement is a current limiter. There are already several devices on the market which could probably be used, e.g. a DC to DC converter with adjustable output voltage and build-in current limiter, sometimes also called constant current control which is used in LED applications.
But all this has to be tested professionally when the Ecat is available.
I hope controller and inverters with build in support for Ecats will be available in future. The Victron controller probably only needs another software. This may also be true for other controllers and power inverters.
Stephen:
1. yes
2. no
3. confidential so far
4. see point 3
5. confidential so far
6. This issue does not depend on me
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Tommek:
You are right, we missed the correction: I passed the issue on to our IT guy; thank you for your collaboration,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The data sheet still links under *7 researchgate
Dear Andrea Rossi
It’s good news that the production has started.
May I ask a few questions regarding this update..
1. Are these industrial units based on the 100W devices you recently tested.
2. Or on the smaller 10 W modules previously developed?
3. Are these full 22 kV substations
4. Or just the ecat units themselves.
5. Could you indicate roughly the initial ecat unit production rate using this automation?
6 I assume you are currently aiming to ramp up quickly the production rate would 1 million 100 W units per year be achievable within one year?
I’m looking forward to hearing more news about it. It would be wonderful to see the technology finally validated and used as a product in some way.
Good luck with its first official steps out side the lab!
Best Regards
Stephen
Jeff:
1. I do not understand exactly your question: can you kindly rephrase it more clearly ?
2. They have the right to do what they deem to be more opportune in the specific situations
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Tommek:
1. I am not authorized to give this information, so far
2. As far as I know, yes
3. Surely they are coming, how much soon I do not know, because this issue does not depend on me
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello
How many units did your licensee pre-order, as he was one of the first major customers.
1.
Can they answer the question now?
2. And does it continue with the other orders afterwards?
3.
Are there any photos of the final product coming soon?
Thank you
Dr. Rossi,
1. How much is considered a lot in your global manufacturers first December deliveries?
2. Are the industrial customers under an NDA or can they confirm sources, good or bad results?
Best regards,
Jeff
Gian Luca:
This decision will not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@ Steven N. Karels
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=879&cpage=12#comment-1092503
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=879&cpage=12#comment-1092533
What do you think? Will it be a fresh bottle of water or will it really be one from 2015?
Good luck, everyone!
Dear A.R.
With the first industrial deliveries, will it be possible to know the name of the industrial partner producing them?
Thank you very much.
Frank Acland:
The Ecats are already manufactured in automated lines,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I read with interest your latest report:
https://x.com/LeonardoCorpor3/status/1995450935233933481
It is very encouraging to learn that the construction of E-Cat Units is now underway. Are these units being built by hand, or by an automated system?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Yuri:
So far yes, but changes could be made in time,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Are dimensions and weights published in the data sheets on http://www.ecat.com still valid ?
Best,
Yuri
Boyve Fredriksson:
Thank you for your kind attention since 2011 to the work of our Team !
I do not see analogies between the so called “Dark Energy” and the Zero Point Energy. You can find corroboration of this opinion reading a rigorous description of the matter in the paper “Ecat SK and Long Range Particle Interactions”: you can find it also here: http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea!
I have been following your work and the developments in this field since 2011. I’m wondering whether you think the Zero Point field could in some way be connected to what we call dark energy — and if the difference in energy density between these two phenomena might be due to some as-yet unknown mechanism in the vacuum?
I would very much like to hear your perspective on this! Best regards Boyve
Tony:
That’s right !
Thank you for your kind wishes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hi Andrea,
Today November 30st is the feast of the saint you are named: best wishes and may he help you in your so important work,
Best Wishes,
Don
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andea Rossi,
Please consider Whisper Aero. They manufacture ultra-quiet ducted electric fan engines.
There products include:
eQ120
Thrust = 5+ lbs
Power Efficiency = 21 W/lbm
eQ160
Thrust = 10+ lbs
eQ250
Thrust = 70+ lbs
Contact Info:
http://Www.whisper.aero
Info@whisperaero.com
Address: 109 Pointe LDG, Crossville, TN 38555
Their vision is to supply engines to aircraft manufacturers. Multiple engines could be used on a single aircraft. Aircraft speed is subsonic, as in Regional airlines.
Combining their engine with an eCat Power Generator could mean unlimited range and operating hours.
Marcel Dufour:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Will the Ecats sold also in a version that makes just heat ?
Thanks,
Marcel
Piergiorgio:
Thank you for the suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Mary Louise:
The Report will be published as always on EcatWorld and I think it will start to give information about the deliveries,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
Are you aware if your licensee is exploring humanoid robotics field of interest/application?
Probably many of us have seen the recent progress of humanoid robots…
A humanoid robot with AI and an Ecat (10 years autonomy) would be a groundbreaking developement.
I do not know if exciting or scaring. Or both.
Piergiorgio
Dr Rossi,
When do you think you will publish the November Report about the situation ?
Can you anticipate what will it be about ?
Best
Mary Louise
Arnab Saha:
This issue does not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Will the December 1st week update also give the date when and if the deliveries will start in December ?
Svein:
This issue will not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Will the upcoming information about the start of production also include information about the manufacturer and production capacities?
Regards Svein
To All the Readers of the Journal of Nuclear Physics living in the USA:
Happy Thanksgiving Day Holidays !!!
Warmest Regards,
Andrea Rossi
The NGU is a type of Polariton laser
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton_laser
Polariton laser: Description and History
A Polariton laser can produce a powerful coherent light stream. As is my way, I like to explore the details of an interesting system. But not knowing how a polariton laser works, I will utilize the AI to teach how the NGU system produces light in detail.
I added notes to connect what the AI said to the NGU design.
AI Question
How does an exciton polariton condensate emit coherent light? How is the waveform of the coherent light wave determined?
AI Answer
An exciton-polariton condensate emits coherent light through the process of photon leakage from the microcavity, which occurs because all the polaritons in the condensate occupy the same macroscopic quantum state with a single, well-defined phase. The waveform of the emitted light is determined by the properties of this macroscopic quantum state, including the energy, momentum, and phase of the condensate, which can be influenced by the microcavity design, the material properties, and the excitation conditions.
Note: In the case of the NGU, the microcavity is the polariton shell that encloses the positive core of the Hole superconductor which Dr. Rossi calls the bosonic electron cluster.
Mechanism of Coherent Light Emission
1. Exciton-Polariton Formation: In a semiconductor microcavity in the strong coupling regime, light (cavity photons) and matter (quantum well excitons) hybridize to form exciton-polaritons, which are composite bosons.
Note: In the Hole superconductor, the exciton (Hole) component of the polariton is located in the positive core of matter that forms the positively charged central element of the Hole superconductor
2. Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC): Due to their very low effective mass (about 10^-5) the mass of a free electron) and bosonic nature, polaritons can undergo a phase transition to a condensed state at relatively high temperatures (even room temperature in some materials) and low densities.
3. Macroscopic Coherence: Above a critical excitation threshold, a large number of polaritons accumulate into the lowest energy quantum state (ground state) via stimulated scattering processes. This collective occupation leads to spontaneous formation of long-range temporal and spatial coherence, meaning all the polaritons in the condensate share the same wave function, frequency, and a constant phase relationship.
4. Photon Leakage: Polaritons have a finite lifetime (typically picoseconds) because their photonic component can leak out of the semi-transparent mirrors of the microcavity.
Note: Polaritons produce light (release their photon) when they terminate.
5. Coherent Emission: Since the emitted photons carry the properties of the polaritons from the macroscopically occupied coherent state, the resulting emission is highly coherent light, similar to a laser but without requiring population inversion.
Determination of the Coherent Light Waveform
The waveform (shape, frequency, phase, and momentum profile) of the coherent light is directly imprinted with the characteristics of the condensed polariton state and the microcavity:
• Frequency/Wavelength: The frequency of the light is determined by the energy of the condensed polariton state, which is primarily defined by the microcavity’s optical mode and the exciton energy levels (the polariton dispersion curve).
• Phase: The phase of the emitted light reflects the macroscopic phase of the polariton condensate. This phase can be uniform over large distances, or exhibit complex spatial patterns (like vortices) depending on the excitation conditions and confinement potential.
• Momentum and Directionality: The in-plane momentum of the polariton determines the angle at which the photon is emitted from the cavity. Condensates typically form in low-momentum states, resulting in a highly directional, narrow-angle emission pattern.
• Spatial Profile: The spatial distribution of the light reflects the spatial profile of the condensate within the cavity.
• Polarization: The polarization properties of the emitted light are also determined by the condensate state, which can be influenced by the material’s crystal structure or external fields.
Note: In the past, the SKLed reactor emitted polarized light.
2021-04-02 17:11 KeithT
Dear Andrea,
Is the light emitted by the Ecat SKLed polarized?
Regards,
Keith Thomson.
2021-04-03 08:34 Andrea Rossi
KeithT:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Waveform Stability: The stability and linewidth (spectral purity) of the waveform are affected by interactions with non-condensed polaritons (the “reservoir”) and the specific experimental setup, such as using injection locking or strong confinement to stabilize the phase.
Ambrogio:
No,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Tino:
This issue will not depend on me,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
M.Reinhold:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
AlexW,
There is an I-Q curve for electrical power sources. It is current versus Voltage. The output current generally rises with increasing output Voltage until some limit occurs and the current rapidly falls off. That peak in the current before it descends is the maximum power point.
An MPPT is trying to find that point for solar panel generated power as that point charges with illumination, weather, and temperature. For the NGU Power Generator, hopefully, it is constant. I understand that the NGU Power Generator will turn off if a 105% of max power overload condition occurs.
So, if the inverter MPPT does not test more than 105% of maximum power, it will not likely trip the shutdown of the NGU Power Generator. This what I understand. This does not mean that this how the NGU Power Generator will respond to MPPT variations in load. The only to tell for sure is by detailed, knowledgeable review of both the inverter MPPT and the NGU Power Generator design, or, by extensive testing.
As stated previously, another approach is to software disable the inverter MPPT or run at NGU Power Generator output voltages outside the MPPT range. Again, experimentation is needed.
The previously reported Solar Panel Supplementation by NGU Power Generators may have addressed the MPPT concern. I do not know for certain.
Hello Dr. Rossi,
will we find out about the start of production in next week’s December update?
Kind regards
M.Reinhold
@Horst Dieter Preschel
You are probably right and this requires testing when the ECAT is available. I’m no expert in exactly how the inverter circuitry operates on the MPPT input, but am aware it attempts to find the maximum power point for given irradiance conditions of a solar array. My naive assumption was that given a fixed input it would be unable to increase power so would give up trying, but I can see that perhaps it would keep attempting to draw more current until the ECAT shuts down.
It sounds like testing has been done on this already so it would be great to have some clarity before deliveries begin, the same goes for certification for solar installers to integrate this with current solar systems.
Dr Rossi,
Is it confirmed that your licensee will start the deliveries only with high voltage intermediate power lines stations ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Best Regards,
Tino
Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
Does the Ecat emit any radiation of sort ?
Ambrogio
Horst Dieter Preschel,
I agree that MPPT has the potential of not allowing NGU Power Units not properly working. Two solutions:
1. The Inverter Manufacturer adds a software disable of the MPPT function.
2. Operate the NGU Power Unit above or below the MPPT operating range.
@AlexW
MPPT is a software component in inverters or PV battery charge controllers that tracks the maximum power point (MPP) of a PV module under changing conditions – hence the name Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). This is achieved by incrementally increasing and decreasing the current from the PV module and measuring the resulting increase or decrease in power. If the power increases, the change continues; otherwise, it is reversed.
Directly connecting Ecats can lead to an overload. For this reason, I have proposed overcurrent protection between the Ecat and the inverter or charge controller. This protection simulates, to a certain extent, the behavior of PV modules.
I would not use Ecats with high voltage input PV inverters. That could be dangerous. I think this would require professional development and testing.
Dieter
AlexW:
Thank you for your suggestion.
We will discuss specific issues with our Clients when we will contact them for the delivery.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Horst Dieter Preschel @Rafal
Would an adapter be required if the output from the ECAT could be set within the expected voltage range of the solar MPPT input? Don’t forget that the 100W ECAT can be made with higher voltage than 12V, based on the spec sheet it seems 12V is the limit for the 10W cell. So depending on the connection configuration of the 10W cells you could get up to 120V from a 100W ECAT, this would also reduce the current which would be beneficial.
We have an oversized inverter as we were limited to only 9 panels on our current roof space, but planned to extend our roof and add more in future. Now I plan to add a 1kW ECAT on one MPPT and the 9 panels on the other input. With a startup voltage of 150V for my inverter, surely as long as this is exceeded by the ECAT it should run as a fixed solar input? It seems to me that for a 1kW ECAT the voltage should be tunable in the range 12-1200V (12-120V for a 100W)
@Andrea Rossi – Perhaps you could comment on whether my assumption is correct?
Ben:
1. It does not depend on me
2. Yes, as I am aware of
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
1. Will it be possible that in future your global licensee will study the application of the Ecat technology in the electric vehicles field ?
2. has already your global licensee found all the locations and outsourcing network necessary for a global manufacturing and distribution of the Ecat ?
Thank you if you can answer,
Ben
@Rafal
Dear Rafal,
the answer from Grok is correct but wrong because your question is wrong.
Ecats and PV panels are different devices, one important difference is Ecats shut down and PV panels lower the voltage when overloaded.
To connect Ecats to a device like a Victron SmartSolar MPPT 150/70 controller you need an adapter between the Ecats and the controller to take care off the technical reqirements of both devices. The most important requirement is a current limiter. There are already several devices on the market which could probably be used, e.g. a DC to DC converter with adjustable output voltage and build-in current limiter, sometimes also called constant current control which is used in LED applications.
But all this has to be tested professionally when the Ecat is available.
I hope controller and inverters with build in support for Ecats will be available in future. The Victron controller probably only needs another software. This may also be true for other controllers and power inverters.
Dieter