Cold fusion, a continuing debate

by Christos Stremmenos

Oltre al breve rapporto su una delle tante ricerche riguardanti i processi di interazione nei sistemi idrogeno/deuterio-metalli di transizione, nell’articolo viene valutata l’esistenza e la natura dei vari inattesi effetti sporadicamente osservati. Vengono inoltre attribuite alla complessità del fenomeno, le cause principali della non riproducibilità di questi effetti e si discutono possibili interventi di carattere sperimentale che rimuoverebbero le incertezze strutturali, sia statiche sia dinamiche, del sistema.

156 comments to Cold fusion, a continuing debate

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Peter Melk:
    After the certification of the domestic E-Cats this will be possible. Before the certification we cannot sell the domestic E-cats.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Peter Melk

    Dear Mr. Rossi

    You already said the domestic ecat is stable and ready for mass production. Only the missing safety certification is holding you from this step.

    Now my question is: Why don’t you send one “showcase ecat” to every licensee in every country, so they can show a working device at their company lobby?
    It would also be nice to see one working behind a glass box, so nobody can touch it or find out your secrets. But everyone can feel the heat or see the produced steam with own eyes, and look which wires are going in the box.

    It would be impressive to see one.

    I’m from germany, and if I would be able to see one within a radius of 400km I would plan a weekend trip to that place!

    Best Regards
    Peter Melk

  • Bernie Koppenhofer

    Mr. Rossi: In my previous I was talking about the “warm-Cat” the original 1mW not the Hot-Cat. In that regard, how many industrial warm-cats can you produce in a month? Thanks

  • Steven N. Karels

    Dear Andrea Rossi,

    I was unable to attend or view the Zurich Conference (my daughter was married this last weekend — so I think that is a good excuse). Are the presentations and/or papers available for download?

  • Steven N. Karels

    Greg and Andrea,

    I did assume only the inner core was used. The numbers do compute with a 3 cm inner core and and outer diameter of 8.57 cm. I was also able to visualize a 100 unit configuration with between 9 and 10 cm between core centers.

    One question to Andrea Rossi — if the Hot eCat has a COP of 6 and electricity is used to heat/control the 1 MW unit, does that not mean approximately 167 kiloWatts of electrical power is needed? If so, assuming 440 Volt power is used, then about 378 Amps will be required. Something more than a standard wall outlet can provide.

    A second question — if eCats cannot directly power eCats due to safety concerns by the Certifier, would not the 100 eCats in the 1.2m “barrel” influence each other?

  • Wladimir Guglinski

    Eric Ashworth wrote in September 9th, 2012 at 1:07 PM

    Dear Eric,
    I did not understand your theory.

    First you say:
    “Considering the proton is composed of u.u.d. quarks and the neutron composed of d.d.u. quarks”

    And in the end you say:
    “Thereby, the atom from in to out has a structure of proton positive, neutron positive, neutron negative and electron negative. Would p+e=n?”.

    But as you consider the neutron with quark structure d.d.u , then there is no need to consider a neutron n=p+e.

    When we consider the neutron n=p+e, we are rejecting the quark model of neutron n= d.d.u

    Regards
    WLAD

  • Gherardo

    Dott.Rossi,
    the first version of the ecat had nickel powder + H under pressure + secret.
    1) How this evolved for the hot cat since the images clearly show free in the air reactors? For sure you said but I missed it.

    Currently you are planning a global sale of 1 MW ecats.
    I did some quick calculations and to sustain worldwide sales (and salesman…) you’ll need a huge number of “MW cats” per day to be produced to satisfy your customers and licensee needs.
    2) Are you ready?

    If is possible to respond:
    3) who will install the MW cats? Licensee or Leonardo?
    4) who will maintain the cats?
    5) designed lifetime for MW cats?

    I found very interesting the Prometeon PDF.
    6) Could you publish in youtube the speach on top of those slides? I could not get it live.

    Thanks and compliments for your huge work, Gherardo

    PS: if you hadn’d done already, take a good sleep reading about the history of Tesla and Edison.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Bernie Koppenhofer:
    Thank you. Anyway, I beg you all to read carefully what I wrote yesterday on this blog to Brian. All the data are provisional, the validation is still in course.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear H. Hansson:
    I prefer this “live” channel, but you are right.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear John Di Rico:
    Thank you.
    The certification for the domestic E-Cats is more difficult. It will take time and, probably, experience and good statistics in the operation of the industrial plants.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • John Di Rico

    Mr Rossi,
    I just want to congratulate you for the wonderful job
    You did With the Zurich convention, this is truly
    “One small step for man and one giant leap for mankind”
    Just to quote Neil Armstrong, what you have accomplished
    I believe Is even bigger than going to the moon.
    I just have one question in your opinion
    When will I be able to buy the home E-Cat?
    Is the certification process any closer than it was a year ago?
    Thanks again
    John

  • H. Hansson

    Dear Mr. Rossi,

    Why do you not use your “official” website (www.ecat.com) to communicate such things as Timetables, Reports and other static information, instead of repeating yourself over and over again?? The last update for the news section is dated “May 14”.

  • Bernie Koppenhofer

    Mr. Rossi: Congratulations on your handling of many difficult questions. Good to hear you are getting the warm-cat out into controlled situations. Of course you are right, the skeptics will not be satisfied until they see their electric meters running backward.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Prof. Joseph Fine:
    Thank you to you and to Matt Robinson for his inspiring words.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Luigi Versaggi:
    The main stream media need to see plants in operation: they will be satisfied soon.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Bob Saunders:
    As I said answering to Brian, the validation is in course, so we thank you for your suggestion. I will forward it to the professors.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Brian:
    It is necessary that I repeat the following statement:
    THE HOT CAT ( REACTOR AT HIGH TEMPERATURE) HAS NOT BEEN YET VALIDATED, BECAUSE THE TESTS AND THE MEASUREMENTS HAVE STILL TO BE COMPLETED, AND TO COMPLETE THEM WILL BE NECESSARY AT LEAST 2-3 MORE MONTHS. I SAID THIS IN MY REPORT IN ZURICH AND I REPEAT THIS HERE.
    THE PROFESSORS AND ENGINEERS WHO ARE MAKING THESE TESTS ARE SPECIALISTS AND THEIR WORK IS COMPLEX. FOR EXAMPLE, THE MEASUREMENT OF THE ENERGY CONSUMED HAS TO BE MADE IN A WAY THAT IS BEYOND ANY REASONABLE DOUBT, SO NOW WE ARE REPEATING THE MEASUREMENTS USING A VARIAC TO AVOID THAT ENERGY USED BY THE RESISTANCES IS NOT MEASURED BY THE VOLTMETER AND THE AMPEROMETER ( THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE MANY ISSUES THAT ARE UNDER PROBE). THEREFORE IT IS ABSOLUTELY WRONG TO USE THE EXPRESSION ” THE ENGINEERS WHO PERFORMED THE PUBLISHED VALIDATION”, WHILE IS CORRECT THE EXPRESSION ” THE PROFESSORS AND THE ENGINEERS WHO ARE PERFORMING THE VALIDATION IN COURSE”.
    THE FINAL RESULTS WILL BE PUBLISHED IN A SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE ONLY AFTER THE VALIDATION WILL HAVE BEEN COMPLETED.
    I AM RECEIVING FROM MANY PERSONS THIS QUESTION: ” IS IT POSSIBLE TO INVEST IN THE HOT CAT”? MY ANSWER IS: NO, IT IS NOT, BECAUSE THE REACTOR FOR HIGH TEMPERATURES IS NOT READY, IS NOT AS PRODUCT, IS A PROTOTYPE SUBJECT TO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND I WANT NOT TO PUT ANYBODY AT RISK BEFORE THE HOT CAT IS NOT YET A PRODUCT. OF COURSE I BELIEVE IN IT, I AM INVESTING MY MONEY IN IT, BUT I WANT NOT TO PLAY FOOT BALL WITH THE BONES OF THE OTHERS.
    Warm Regards,
    Andrea Rossi

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Franco:
    The shielding is in the toroidal section.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Franco

    Dear ing. Rossi,

    I saw some recent photos of the Hot-Cat and I noted that respect to the E-Cat version, it seems that no external radiation shields (lead or other specific material) are present.

    You spoke about the “theory update” of Gamma Rays having energy in the 50-100 KeV range, Gamma Rays that are the radiation involved to produce the thermal energy.

    Could You explain me why any external shields are now not present?
    Thanks.

    Kind Regards

  • Dear Wladimir, This is with regards your QR Theory that involves helical trajectories. Maybe the following thoughts of mine could help fill in some of the anomalies found in physics. Without diagrams it is difficult to explain but I shall attempt to. There are only two dimensions and forces in nature i.e. binary activity. The third activity being the binding force between these two dimensions of force is also binary in make-up and activity. The nucleus of the atom is accepted as being comprised of protons and neutrons. The proton zone is with regards a density factor and so too is the electron shell/zone. Considering the proton is composed of u.u.d. quarks and the neutron composed of d.d.u. quarks, what’s the electron composed of?. I shall now try to explain my theory that I do believe does not contradict current thoughts. I believe the atom is constructed of a flat horizontal spiral, this being a plane of neutrality constructed of cones and these cones are constructed of quarks. There is the inner quark that forms a cone and an outer quark that forms a cone with regards position within the atom, both quarks are within the cone. Quarks travel on helical trajectories. Both cones spin and form the wall of a proton. Thereby two helical trajectories within the proton cone. Off the apex of the cone issues a helical trajectory of positive and negative quarks that turns back to its point of origin. Thereby, two trajectories up and one down. The down flow enters the base of a cone, exterior to the proton, that has the same make-up as the proton. Thereby two trajectories down and one up. The one up comes off the apex of the cone to enter the proton but the proton has lost mass. Whereas the neutron on the outer has gained mass. Consequently, both positions are exchanged. To exchange position they move/swing horizontally on the neutral plane. This results in a collapsing of the proton cone as it passes midway between neutron proton position, apex descends, base ascends to form a neutral plate from two helical trajectories and as it enters the outer zone the apex continues to descend and the base continues to ascend. Thereby the proton becomes a neutron and the neutron becomes a proton. The electron I believe works on the same principle and is of the same structure. Thereby, the atom from in to out has a structure of proton positive, neutron positive, neutron negative and electron negative. Would p+e=n?. The proton cone being central would have a high apex and a short base. The electron would have a low apex and a wide base because the spiral out represents a line of neutrality away from pole position. Could this explanation as given explain the importance of helical trajectories and spirals in nature?. I would like to think Wladimir it helps in some way towards your theory from another perspective. Regards Eric Ashworth

  • Brian

    Mr. Rossi

    Congratulations on your conference.

    I had a quick question about the engineers who performed the published validation. My understanding is that they are engineers who specialize in this form of testing. Were they performing the testing on behalf of a known testing/validation company? It wasn’t clear from the report. If they were working for a known agency that could lend its credibility to your work it would go a long way to overcoming media skepticism .

    As always thank you for taking the time to answer my question.

  • orsobubu

    >non piu’ guerre per le risorse energetiche.Nuova vita.Auguriiiiiiiiiiiii

    Pasquale, andiamo, su, le risorse energetiche fossili non sono certo la causa reale delle guerre; queste sono inevitabili in generale, nel sistema di produzione capitalistico, per la necessità di ripartire ed accaparrarsi le quote del saggio del plusvalore, quindi del pluslavoro prodotto dalla classe lavoratrice mondiale! solo chi non abbia studiato un minimo di critica dell’economia politica può ignorare questo fatto; anzi, dirò che, mancando l’interesse per le risorse energetiche fossili a causa del passaggio a fonti che richiedano meno lavoratori salariati, come sono ad esempio quelle rinnovabili, si ha una caduta della produzione del plusvalore e quindi un’accelerazione delle crisi e degli scontri interimperialistici per suddividersi la torta rimanente. A niente serve dire che con energia a più buon mercato ci sarebbero più mezzi per avviare nuove produzioni: infatti da un lato i sistemi produttivi si automatizzano col tempo per via della concorrenza, facendo cadere a loro volta la quantità di lavoratori sfruttati e quindi il plusvalore, dall’altro l’aumento di produttività conduce comunque alla sovraproduzione, che sommandosi alla disoccupazione causa gli stessi effetti nefasti che già si vedono nella crisi attuale, anticipatrice di quelle ben più gravi che ci aspettano.

  • Bob Saunders

    Dear Andrea Rossi,

    I have seen your detailed report at the congress in Zürich for the measurements on the Hot-Cat. Allow me to suggest that in order to corroborate the measurements of the thermal radiation you do the following test.
    Enclose the Hot-Cat in a water cooled chamber with good thermal insulation on the outside. Measure the temperature increase and the flow of the coolant and from this you calculate the total thermal power from the Hot-Cat. Not only is this method much more straight forward, it also includes the heat given off by convective cooling thereby improving your COP.

    Kind regards, Bob Saunders

  • Congratulations for the Zurich E-CAT Conference.
    I suppose this time the main stream media cannot ignore the facts.
    We must thank you, the world must thank you.

  • Joseph Fine

    Dear Andrea Rossi,

    Bravo on your presentation in Zurich.

    Many thanks to you and your team.

    I want to share Matt Robinson’s (Facebook) comment about ‘tomorrow’.

    – Matt Robinson

    This is a verse from Andrew Lloyd Webber’s ‘CATS’…(Memory)

    “Daylight…I must wait for the sunrise
    I must think of a new life
    And I mustn’t give in
    When the dawn comes
    Tonight will be a memory too
    And a new day will begin”

    Best wishes for many many new days,

    Joseph Fine

  • g.Luca from italy

    Grazie A.R.
    La frase di chiusura non poteva essere altrimenti!
    Bel lavoro e perfetta presentazione. Uno schiaffo morale a tutti i detrattori!
    Continuate così….
    Saluti dal lago.

  • Wladimir Guglinski

    Joe wrote in September 7th, 2012 at 8:45 PM

    “Wladimir,
    How does a flyback transformer manipulate gravitons?

    Dear Joe,
    according to the aether model of Quantum Ring Theory, there is interaction between the gravitons and the elementary massless electric particles, as described in the paper How repulsive gravity contributes for
    cold fusion occurrence in Rossi-Focardi experiment
    , published in JNP:
    http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/files/How%20repulsive%20gravity%20contributes%20for%20cold%20fusion%20occurrence.pdf

    regards
    wlad

  • Joe

    Wladimir,

    How does a flyback transformer manipulate gravitons?

    All the best,
    Joe

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Brian:
    I do not know, but my paper tomorrow will not be anything special: it will explain a R&D work, with the description of measures made on the Hot Cat: such R&D work will have to be completed, so many other tests will have to be done before having a high temperature industrial application.
    We got encouraging results and we will describe them.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    G.luca from Italy:
    Thank you,
    A.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Pasquale:
    Thank you,
    A.

  • pasquale

    Andrea:In bocca al Gattoooooooooo.Spero che domani 8 settembre 2012 sara’ un felice giorno per la nostra piccola casa “terra” non piu’ co2: non piu’pertrolio:non piu’ carbone:non piu’ guerre per le risorse energetiche.Nuova vita.Auguriiiiiiiiiiiii

  • G.luca from italy

    Ciao A.
    Un grosso augurio per la conferenza di Zurigo!!!
    Non potendo essere presente seguirò in streaming!
    Cari saluto a Te e il Tuo Staff

  • Hank Mills

    The simplicity of self sustain mode as irrefutable, absolute evidence of the reality of the hot cat technology is far too significant to ignore. Without any doubt, a ten pound mass of metal — irradiating kilowatts of power in the infrared spectrum — cannot maintain the same temperature without kilowatts of input power. As kilowatts of power leave the device the surface of such a lump of metal, if there is no significant input power, will fall in temperature. The higher the original maximum temperature the faster the temperature drop will take place. This because the laws of physics tell us that the infrared radiation emitted from a black body increases to the fourth power with temperature. At nearly 1,000C the infrared power emitted from such a lump of metal is very large; this will result in a correspondingly fast reduction in temperature. In less than an hour the drop in temperature should be huge.

    If almost all power is cut off to an ECAT at high temperature and the device maintains the same temperature for even a single hour, there can be no doubt whatsoever — from any reasonable person — that novel nuclear reactions are taking place. I should note that self sustain mode is not in any way required to prove that hot cats work as claimed. Tests with a constant drive can provide hard evidence of kilowatts of excess energy. However, of all the types of tests that can be performed, self sustain mode could be considered as a silver bullet (metaphorically speaking). It offers simplicity in setup, the easiest to understand results, and evidence that cannot be disputed.

    At sometime in the future I hope test results from self sustain mode will be provided. They are not required to determine if the hot cat works or not — tests with a drive can provide that — but they would be of tremendous benefit to all of us who support Rossi’s work in providing a new source of energy to make the world a better place.

  • Wladimir Guglinski

    Andrea Rossi wrote in September 7th, 2012 at 10:20 AM

    “Dear Wladimir:
    The future of Andrea Rossi depends on Theoretical Physics.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.”

    Dear Andrea Rossi,

    the current Theoretical Physics cannot change the results of your experiments.

    But your experiments can change the current Theoretical Physics

    regards
    WLAD

  • Brian

    Mr. Rossi

    I hope that you are well.

    Can you tell us what scientific publications will be attending your conference tomorrow?

    Have a safe trip to Zurich?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Donald Chandler:
    Thanks!
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Neri B.:
    Thank you,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Wladimir:
    The future of Andrea Rossi depends on Theoretical Physics.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Wladimir Guglinski

    The future of Theoretical Physics depends on Andrea Rossi

    In August 19th, 2012 at 3:23 AM, the reader Guru posted the following comment in Rossi’s blog Journal of Nuclear Physics:

    =========================
    Dear dr. Rossi,
    last few months I carry in my mind this question:
    a) A sum of output energy from E-Cat is equivalent to sum of all transmuted materials plus all energy inputs ?
    or
    b) A sum of output energy from E-Cat is many times bigger then equivalent of all transmuted materials (in fuel) plus all energy inputs ?
    I have this heretic hypothesis, that b) is in order.
    =========================

    And Andrea Rossy had replied:

    =========================
    Dear Guru:
    b) is better.
    Warm Regards,.
    A.R.
    =========================

    So, “In fact, he says the ability to produced the high heat of the ‘hot cats’ came about because of a new level of understanding. Now he suggests that more than transmutation accounts for the energy produced in the reaction.”
    http://www.e-catworld.com/2012/08/rossi-suggests-more-than-transmutation-taking-place/

    Along the years between 1989 and 2011, the most cold fusion researchers have tried to understand the phenomenon by keeping the prevailing foundations of current Theoretical Physics.
    The new Hot eCat changed dramatically this panorama.

    Indeed, as cold fusion reactions (responsible for transmutations) cannot themselves to explain the energy produced by the new Hot eCat, then there is need to consider another source of energy beyond the cold fusion nuclear reactions. And it is obvious that it’s IMPOSSIBLE to explain such another additional source by taking in consideration the foundations of current Theoretical Physics.

    Therefore, from what we know now regarding the working of the new Hot eCat, there is an unavoidable conclusion:
    There is need a New Physics, with new foundations

    That’s why I wrote in Rossi’s blog, in August 27th, 2012 at 6:11 AM:
    =========================
    This means that all the theories based on current Theoretical Physics, (as for instance the attempts made by Peter Hagelstein, Widom-Larsen, Edmund Storms, etc.), actually are very far away from the true explanation for cold fusion, and they are wasting their time trying to understand cold fusion with their surpassed understanding on Nuclear Physics.
    =========================

    So, it is unquestionable that the new Hot eCat requires a New Physics.
    And such fact does NOT depend on the understanding on how it works the Rossi’s new Hot eCat

    But there is another question regarding the future development of this New Physics required by the new Hot eCat, and the answer for this question depends on the understanding on how it works the Rossi’s new Hot eCat.

    Let’s understand why.

    In May-2012 I sent an email to Andrea Rossi, suggesting him to incorporate a flyback in his old cold eCat. In July-2012 Andrea Rossi has announced to the world the fantastic performance of the new Hot eCat.

    I did that suggestion to Andrea Rossi because according to the nuclear model proposed in Quantum Ring Theory the gravity influences the cold fusion reactions.

    As the flyback is used in the assymetric capacitor (the lifter – which levitation requires the hypothesis of antigravity), then I had the idea to test the influence of the flyback in the cold fusion reactions which take place in the Rossi’s eCat.

    In his researches, Jean Louis-Naudin makes experiments with the lifter and he also makes replications of several cold fusion experiments. But he never tried to use the flyback (used in the lifter) in the cold fusion experiments, because nobody in the world believe that gravity can have influence in the cold fusion reactions. So, never somebody had the idea of making a “bridge” between the lifter and cold fusion, by using a flyback, and also Naudin never tried to do it.

    Now the theoretical aspect:
    In current Theoretical Physics, the gravity is 10^40 times weaker than the electromagnetism. Therefore according to the prevailing theories the gravity cannot have influence in the cold fusion occurrence.

    But if Andrea Rossi is indeed using the flyback in his new Hot eCat, this means that gravity influences the cold fusion reactions, and the additional source of energy can be comming from the gravitational energy.

    Therefore, if Andrea Rossi uses the flyback, then there is need to consider that gravity has the same magnitude of the electromagnetism, as proposed in Quantum Ring Theory.

    Of course, as author of a theory where are proposed New Foudations for Theoretical Physics, I am anxious to know the true.

    That’s why I sent in 6th September-2012 the following email to Andrea Rossi:

    =========================
    From: wladimirguglinski@hotmail.com
    To: info@leonardocorp1996.com
    Subject: new hot eCat
    Date: Thu, 6 Sep 2012 16:40:41 -0300

    Dear Andrea Rossi

    I suspect you are using a flyback in your new hot eCat.

    Is my suspicion correct ?

    In the case your answer is yes, I will not comment it to anybody.

    I only would like to know if my hypothesis (that gravity influences cold fusion reactions) is correct.
    regards
    WLAD
    =========================

    And Rossi replied the following:

    =========================
    Date: Fri, 7 Sep 2012 01:40:01 +0200
    From: info@leonardocorp1996.com
    To: wladimirguglinski@hotmail.com
    Subject: Re: new hot eCat

    Dear Friend:
    I cannot comment what I did inside the reactor.
    Warm regards,
    Andrea
    =========================

    We understand the Rossi’s fear to reveal the secrets of his new Hot eCat, because he has many competitors, trying to discover how his reactor works.

    Then we have to be patient, and to wait Rossi to get the patent for his eCat, and then he will tell us the true.

    And the future of the Theoretical Physics development will be waiting, until Rossi tells us whether his eCat uses, or not, the flyback.

  • Neri B.

    Caro Andrea,
    in bocca al lupo per la conferenza domani!
    Ci faccia rimanere a bocca aperta !
    Cari saluti e a presto
    Neri B.

  • Dear Christopher Calder, Andrea Rossi:
    Addendum: and should one need iridium, it is indeed rare on earth, but plentiful on asteroids. We are developing the logistics solution (the E-sail) for mining it from out there.
    regards, pekka

  • Donald chandler

    Dear dr Rossi,

    Today’s MIT Technology Review has a column on the failure of Planck’s Law when applied to blackbody emission of nano particles. You may find it interesting.

    I look forward to your great success.

  • Greg Leonard

    Dear Steven Karels
    I think you have not allowed for the outer circumference being part of the heat transfer surface. That would multiply the figure by four – arriving at AR’s figure

  • Dear Christopher Calder, Andrea Rossi:
    Just a side remark concerning jet engines. Early jet engine turbines had 820 C, modern ones have 1370 C and top military ones 1590 C. In the light of these numbers, it seems that 1000-1200 C would already be hot enough for a direct cycle jet engine. At least one fission jet engine prototype in the 1950’s had “only” 860 C temperature. Fission airplanes were not abandoned for engine performance reasons, but because making them completely radiation safe would have required too heavy shielding mass.
    (Sources: wikipedia articles Turbine_blade, Aircraft_Nuclear_Propulsion)
    regards, /pekka

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Christopher:
    We cannot give this kind of information.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Dear Mr. Rossi,

    Have you ever considered, just as a wild experiment, substituting iridium powder for nickel powder in your Hot Cat reactor?

    You would need very little iridium for the experiment, so the cost would be doable. The high melting point of iridium might open up an entirely new world of ultra high temperature E-Cats, maybe hot enough to make a jet engine. If iridium worked, it might have very different properties and could be more stable in operation.

    Christopher Calder

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear Larry Jameson:
    We are working on it.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Larry Jameson

    Dear Dr. Rossi

    Can you give us any small detail about how your new honeycomb reactor is shaping up.

    Are the reshaped honeycomb fusors working out.

    Can you say if we might see it in action this year (2012).

    Best Regards
    Larry Jameson

  • Andrea Rossi

    Dear bernie Koppenhofer:
    We are studying the issue.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

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