United States Patent US 9,115,913 B1

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46,353 comments to United States Patent US 9,115,913 B1

  • Andrea Rossi

    Axil:
    Thank you for your insight,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Axil

    Typo corrections

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUZg-nRYuSU

    It wound not take much to rework the SK reactor to produce a system that is compatible with Musk’s water engine.

  • Axil

    The AI is a great tool for systems design. Here is an example on how to adapt the NGU to the new water engine for Musk’s new gen cars.
    
    AI Question
    What is the ideal containment material to allow extreme UV and down to UVA light to photoelectrolysis water into hydrogen and oxygen.
    
    AI Answer
    The ideal containment materials for a photoelectrolysis reactor that require high transparency and durability under extreme UV and UVA light are quartz glass and specialized fluoropolymer films (e.g., FEP, PTFE).
    
    Primary Material Choices

    Quartz Glass (Fused Silica)
    * Excellent UV Transmission: Highly transparent to UV light, down to wavelengths as low as 180-190 nm (UVC, UVB, and UVA).
    * More expensive than other options.
    * High Durability: Highly durable, resistant to water, temperature fluctuations, and most chemicals.
    * Heavier and requires custom fabrication for specific shapes.
    * Stability: Withstands prolonged UV exposure without degradation.
    * Rigid structure.
    
    Fluoropolymer Films (FEP, PTFE)
    * Broad UV Transmission: Transparent to a wide range of UV wavelengths, including UVA and UVB (down to about 200 nm).
    * Less structural rigidity; typically used as a film or liner.
    * Chemical Inertness: Highly resistant to a wide range of chemicals and acids.
    * Can be sensitive to physical damage (e.g., wrinkling).
    * Flexibility and Lightweight: Thin, lightweight, and can be shaped into large enclosures.
    
    Other Potential Materials
    
    UV-Transmitting Acrylic (PMMA):
    ^ Special grades allow significant UV penetration in the UVA and some UVB range (typically down to ~250-300 nm). It is more affordable and easier to machine than quartz, but does not transmit UVC and may degrade over very long-term, extreme UV exposure compared to quartz or FEP.
    
    Sapphire (Aluminum Oxide): Offers excellent transparency across a broad spectrum including UV down to 150 nm and is extremely resistant to chemical degradation and mechanical damage. Its primary drawback is very high cost and difficulty in manufacturing and polishing.
    
    Summary
    For the best performance in terms of extreme UV transmission and durability in a water-based, potentially acidic or alkaline (depending on the electrolyte used) environment, quartz glass (fused silica) is generally considered the most suitable material for rigid components like the reactor walls or windows. For flexible or film-based applications, FEP film is an excellent alternative due to its broad UV permeability and chemical resistance.
    
    It would take much to rework the SK reactor to produce a system that is compatible with Musk’s water engine.
    
    Musk’s new car design would run on water stored in an onboard tank like gas is today. Dr. Rossi could work on this system in his off hours when not improving the NGU for the partner. At least, Dr. Rossi should develop a patent for this process to lock down its rights before the market is flooded with competitor system.
    

    
    

  • Bedy

    Dr Rossi,
    The Ecats to make heat will be simply Ecats connected to heaters at an efficiency that will mirror the COP of the cat ?
    Cheers
    Bedy

  • Stiv

    [Stiv: please resend your comment in English, we are not able to translate it clearly]

  • Andrea Rossi

    Axil:
    Thank you for your insight,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Axil

    The NGU most impactful effect on the humans condition around the world is the prevention of disease.

    Foe example, coal use causes significant yearly sickness and death globally, linked to respiratory/heart diseases, cancer, and premature mortality from fine particulate matter (PM2.5), with studies showing millions affected worldwide and tens of thousands in the US annually, though US numbers dropped sharply after 2007 due to regulations. While older US data (1999-2007) averaged over 43,000 deaths yearly, recent data shows drastic reductions to around 1,600 by 2020 in the US, but the global burden remains immense, with fossil fuels (including coal) linked to 1 in 5 deaths, according to Harvard research.
    
    Why It’s So Harmful
    Coal burning releases fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that is easily inhaled, lodging deep in the lungs and entering the bloodstream, causing widespread inflammation and disease.
    
    Coal burning releases mercury, uranium, thorium, and rare earths into the environment which enters the food chain. These elements are emitted as vapor or in ash, settle into water and soil, and are converted by bacteria or absorbed by plants, leading to bioaccumulation in aquatic life and terrestrial animals as they eat lower-level organisms, with humans most at risk from consuming large, long-lived fish.
    
    Diseases Linked to Coal Pollution
    Respiratory: Asthma, bronchitis, COPD, persistent coughs, wheezing, shortness of breath.
    
    Cardiovascular: Heart attacks, cardiac disease, blood clots.
    
    Other: Lung cancer, neurological disorders, weakened immune systems, diabetes, stroke.

    The preservation of human health is the NGU’s most important function.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Ambrogio:
    This issue will not depend on me, but I think it could be close,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Ambrogio

    Is the 3,500 $/kW cited by Jim Rice a really possible final price to the public of the Ecat, after inflation at all ?
    Best,
    Ambrogio

  • Andrea Rossi

    Jim Rice:
    Thank you for your insight,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Klas:
    Thank you !
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Jim Rice

    Regarding the LCOE of the Ecat: A 1 kW E-Cat (available for pre-order) is priced at $3,500, with a recycling/refurbishment fee of $1,050 after 87,000 hours of use (in other words, $1050 for an additional 87,000 kWh, or $4,550 for 174,000 kWh. Therefore a Projected cost per kWh is 2.6 cents, compared to 15 cents on average in the U.S., or an 83% reduction.

    The cost Savings per country depends on local electricity cost. For example, Russia’s cost is $0.05 per kWh, so savings using Ecat will be 52%.

  • Klas

    To all interested,
    the concept of LCOE is introduced in Chapter 5 of the E-Cat Power Whitepaper.

    https://ecatthenewfire.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/E-Cat-Power-Whitepaper-October-14-2024.pdf

    Best regards
    Klas

  • Andrea Rossi

    Axil:
    Thank you for this information,
    Warm regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Craig Cassarino:
    Thank you for your information and for the link,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Craig Cassarino

    Good morning Andrea,

    I want to share this article with you and your readers.
    It is becoming increasingly important for the Ecat to be deployed
    as quickly, as possible for Utilities, industrial, commercial and residential energy production.’
    The demand is growing extremely fast.

    Shocking report predicts a nearly 80% increase in electricity demand by 2050: ‘Utilities … will be constrained’
    https://l.smartnews.com/p-6I9v1xYs/4CREZB

  • Axil

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levelized_cost_of_electricity

    Has the partner calculated the LCOE in comparison with the other methods of electrical production?

  • Andrea Rossi

    M.Reinhold:
    1- that issue will not depend on me
    2- this information is restricted, so far
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • M.Reinhold

    Hello Dr. Rossi,
    you mentioned that the next generation of ecat will launch in a few years. Will the current version continue to be produced until then? I’d like to start using ecat as soon as possible.

    What improvements will be made in the next generation? Efficiency? A simpler, faster production process?

    Kind regards
    M.Reinhold

  • Andrea Rossi

    Genny:
    Thank you for your attention to the mission of our Team,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Craig Cassarino,
    Thank you for the suggestion,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Genny

    Dear Andrea,
    Thank you for your comment of 2025/12/05 at 3:30 pm
    This explains many issues, also after reading http://www.ingandrearossi.com
    Genny

  • Craig Cassarino

    Good afternoon Andrea,
    I found this article/ link to be interesting. The Tesla and Boston Dynamics energy demand/consumption is a perfect fit for the Ecat.
    We need the Ecat more than ever!!

    https://www.google.com/search?q=tesla+and+boston.dynamics+humanoid+energy+use&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&hl=en-us&client=safari

  • Andrea Rossi

    Brokeeper:
    Thank you for the question, this is an issue of paramount importance for the mission of our work.
    The correct address for these requests is: ar.123@mail.com
    I must say that this argument is fundamental, therefore it is taken very seriously.
    Leonardo Corporation will pay all the revenues from the royalties paid by the Global Licensee for this activity, to which I will dedicate voluntarily most of my remaining time.
    We are making our due diligence on the requests we received so far: some of them have dignity, many of them spend 90% of the money they receive “non profit” to pay their organization: wages for presidents, vice presidents and down through managers, secretaries, bonuses, holidays in exotic places masqueraded by “Conferences”, and “Events”, blue cars, social meals where they talk and talk of “poor people” etc etc etc. Only the 10% , as an average, goes to the people that is supposed to receive help.
    We presently are looking with interest to UNICEF and maybe we will decide to contact them: so far I am just collecting and studying documentation related to them, but we are open to review ( very carefully ) all the requests we’ll receive. This mission will not be limited by geopolitic borders: a child whose family has not the possibility to cure his cancer is a child whose family has not the possibility to cure his cancer, wherever he lives and whomever he lives with.
    Warm Regards,
    Andrea Rossi

  • Andrea Rossi

    Steven Nicholes Karels:
    This information will be given when the next generation will be ready to go: it will take several years,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Steven Nicholes Karels

    Dear Andrea Rossi,

    What are the areas of improvement in “because the tests on this first wave have suggested improvements we can make for the next series”?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Anonymous:
    What do you mean with EVO ? It is quite a vague definition,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Brokeeper

    Dear Andrea,

    I would like to begin by expressing my appreciation for your ongoing dedication to the development of the E-Cat, with a particular emphasis on increasing efficiency in both commercial production and distribution. Your steadfast commitment, which is clearly guided by your faith and trust in God’s direction, is truly admirable.

    These persistent efforts are making a significant difference and will have an amazing impact on billions of people, and your role in this journey is deeply valued.

    You have previously indicated that support would be available for providing E-Cats to those in need. I am involved with multiple international missions that focus on assisting impoverished communities in third world countries.

    Could you please clarify whether non-profit requests for E-Cat support should be submitted through your official Partner, or if they should be directed to you and Leonardo Corporation directly?

    Thank you!
    Brokeeper

  • Anonymous

    Dr Rossi,
    Do the theoretical bases of the Ecat technology have links with the EVO ?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Axil:
    Thank you for your insight,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Catherine Hunt:
    Yes, two in particular,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Cartherine Hunt

    Dr Rossi,
    Are there in the company of Leonardo Corporation’s global licensee women in executive positions playing key roles for the realization of the license agreement ?

  • Axil

    2025-12-04 00:59 Ambrogio
    
    Dr Rossi,
    Is still the AI helping the development of the Ecat ? Does also your global licensee make use of it ?
    
    2025-12-04 01:50 Andrea Rossi
    
    Ambrogio:
    Absolutely yes ! We use ChatGPT Pro : very useful.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

    The AI is open source; it does not know how to keep a secret. A user can be burnt if He does not understand how to protect his data.
    
    The latest improvement in AI is long term information retention that is called persistent memory. What you ask or tell the AI could be available to others via query.
    
    AI Question
    Has AI improvement include persistent memory of information that it receives from users
    
    AI Answer
    Yes, a major area of AI improvement includes the development and implementation of persistent memory, which allows AI systems to retain information received from users across multiple sessions.
    
    How Persistent Memory Works
    Traditional AI models are often “stateless,” meaning each conversation starts from a blank slate once the session ends (short-term memory). Persistent memory, or long-term memory, fundamentally changes this dynamic:
    
    External Storage: Instead of relying solely on the temporary context window of the model, information is stored externally in databases or vector stores. This data can include user preferences, past interactions, learned facts, and long-term goals.
    
    Retrieval Mechanisms: When a user returns, the AI uses sophisticated retrieval mechanisms (often using a process called Retrieval-Augmented Generation, or RAG) to find and present the relevant past information to the model, allowing it to provide a context-aware response.
    
    Continuous Learning: This architecture allows the AI to learn and adapt over time, building a personalized profile of the user without needing to be retrained on the entire dataset.
    
    Benefits and Applications
    The integration of persistent memory significantly enhances the user experience:
    
    Personalization: The AI can provide smarter recommendations and more tailored interactions based on a user’s history and evolving tastes.
    
    Continuity: Users no longer have to repeat themselves or re-explain context every time they start a new session, which is particularly valuable in customer service, healthcare, and educational applications.
    
    Efficiency: By recalling stored knowledge, the AI avoids redundant computations, improving response times and operational efficiency.
    
    Privacy and Ethical Considerations
    The use of persistent memory introduces significant privacy and security challenges, as sensitive user data is stored long-term. Companies are actively working on solutions that balance functionality with user control, such as transparent data policies and allowing users to view and delete stored memories.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Ambrogio:
    Absolutely yes ! We use ChatGPT Pro : very useful.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Ambrogio

    Dr Rossi,
    Is still the AI helping the development of the Ecat ? Does also your global licensee make use of it ?

  • Andrea Rossi

    paul dodgshun:
    Thank you for the information.
    The Voltage of the substations depends on the different specific situations even inside the same Country; we can adapt to all of them.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • paul dodgshun

    Power distribution in the UK (and others)

    https://networkpowerconnections.co.uk/voltages-and-their-classifications/
    In the UK, high-voltage network substations are used to step down the voltage levels from 275kV and 400kV to 132kV for distribution. Intermediate electrical substations then reduce the voltage further from 132kV to 33kV and 11kV for transmission to final distribution substations. Here, the voltage is reduced further to the 400V or 230V typically used commercially and domestically.

    22kV falls exactly halfway between 33kV and 11kV. I suspect there will be other countries with same issue. Can 22kV be accommodated for these countries?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Steve D:
    1- not yet
    2- not yet
    3- yes
    4- yes
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    greg smith:
    You can see from this blog,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Ron Stringer:
    You got a point,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Manuel Cilia:
    For the time being you can use the
    http://www.ecatorders.com
    We will pass it on to our Global Licensee.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Axil

    @ 2025-11-30 14:53 Boyve Fredriksson
    “ I’m wondering whether you think the Zero Point field could in some way be connected to what we call dark energy — and if the difference in energy density between these two phenomena might be due to some as-yet unknown mechanism in the vacuum?”
    Putting EVO power production into perspective:

    Reference post: https://e-catworld.com/2025/11/21/excess-heat-from-prometheus-reactor-confirmed-by-third-party/#comment-6800318789

    The AI has calculated the power density of the over unity power produced by the Exotic Vacuum Object (EVO) (aka bosonic electron cluster) as follows: This estimated power density is 10^18 W/m^3 during the nanosecond pulse,

    The EVO produces coherent light via polariton laser processes in nanosecond pulses.

    Note for comparison
    The power density of a nuclear fission reactor core typically ranges from approximately (7) 10^7 to (9)10^8W/m^3 (or 70 to 900 MW/m³), depending on the specific reactor design. In other words, the power density of a mature EVO ranges between 10 and 100 billion time that of the core of a fission reactor.

    This power comes from the vacuum

    How vacuum energy is calculated In quantum field theory (QFT), a quantum field can be thought of as an infinite collection of quantum harmonic oscillators, one at each point in space.

    Each oscillator has a ground state energy of 1/2hw where h is the reduced Planck constant and w is the frequency.

    To find the total vacuum energy, you would theoretically sum up this 1/2hw for every possible mode (frequency and direction) of every field in the universe.

    This leads to a calculation that results in an incredibly large value for the vacuum energy density.

    Physicists use a process called renormalization to account for the infinities, but the predicted value remains much larger than what is observed cosmologically, a problem known as the cosmological constant problem.

    The evidence of the huge power density of the EVO supports the theory that dark matter has a negative energy based power density that negates much of the vacuum energy that comes from the summation of quantum fields in the calculation of the observed cosmologically measured vacuum energy.

  • Manuel Cilia

    Dear Dr Rossi
    How do we order or enquire about larger systems for grid connection or large industrial sites. Do we still go through your web site or is there a different one.

    Thanks

  • Ron Stringer

    The production of large generating units to start with is probably a good plan – it will test large numbers of e-cats simultaneously. It also allows the producer to do a low-key testing for a while. I imagine that the manufacturer will ask the buyer to use the generator in parallel with their old system for some time, and will not make any public announcements until they are thoroughly satisfied with the test progress.
    Can you tell us if this is the case? I know we are all looking forward to a public announcement and release, but it may still be a while.
    Ron Stringer

  • Steve D

    Dear Andrea Rossi

    I read the ecat has been subject to months of testing.

    1) Was the testing done by or overseen by an electricity generation company ?

    2) For thorough testing, did this include a live test supplying electricity to the grid for the test duration?

    3) Electricity generation is a competitive market. Is it safe to say that the electricity generation partner will be the first recipient of bulk deliveries from your Global Licensee’s manufacturing partner?

    4) Do the grid owners know about this new source of electricity (to be) fed to their grid?

  • greg smith

    Andrea,

    How many times have you been asked when E-Cats will begin shipping? 🙂

    Greg

  • Andrea Rossi

    Svein:
    Thank you for your support.
    Answers:
    1. I do not understand exactly this question: can you rephrase it ?
    2. same as in 1
    3. no
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Martin:
    The specific situations will be discussed upon when the Client will be contacted for the delivery of his pre-order,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Jean Paul Renoir:
    I do,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Martin

    Dear Andrea ,

    If I order 1 x 400W-48V DC Ecat :
    1 : Will your global licensee supply 4 x 100W-12V DC Ecats?
    2 : Or 1 x 400W Ecat, similar to the 500W Ecat you recently cited ?

    Thanks and Best Regards
    Martin

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