The AC grid is incompatible with green energy as the total grid failure that occurred during Spain’s blackout shows. The NGU is green energy. As the NGU produces a higher percentage of grid power, the grid will become increasing unstable unless rotational synchronization and battery power storage is increased.
From a birthday congratulatory letter dated June 3, 2026:
… As you mentioned in your recent correspondence, these days are marked by significant developments within your research and development activities, developments that may finally open a path toward resolving the SSM question. It is truly fascinating to observe the pace and scope of the technological progress currently taking place.
From what I have been able to ascertain, the Large Computational Engineering Model known as Noyron presently stands almost alone at the forefront of this emerging field of engineering innovation. In a recent interview, Josefine Lissner remarked that the system is often, and somewhat misleadingly, described as »Artificial Intelligence«.
Personally, I tend to regard it rather as the modern evolution of knowledge- and rule-based symbolic AI systems, an approach that was already being explored during the expert-systems initiatives of the 1980s, particularly in Japan. Whereas those early efforts were primarily concerned with preserving and making accessible the accumulated knowledge and experience of highly specialized experts, Noyron appears to assume, on an entirely new scale, the role traditionally fulfilled by generations of engineers. Through its integration with advanced additive manufacturing technologies, it is capable of bringing into existence highly sophisticated and specialized designs whose realization would have been extraordinarily difficult only a few years ago. …
Axil:
The characteritics of the Ecat and its optionals will be described at the global presentation; we are wotking hard and everyday we have an improvement.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
You would think that extracting lots a power from the vacuum would eventually reduce the power density of the vacuum that is available for harvesting as time goes on. But evaporating micro black holes theory states that vacuum energy production increases until a chain reaction occurs that leads to an explosion.
This contrast between these two perspectives highlights a fundamental divide in how alternative energy models and theoretical physics treat the energy density of the vacuum.
If you view the quantum vacuum as a finite reservoir, extracting power would logically deplete it locally. However, if the underlying mechanism mimics an evaporating micro black hole, the thermodynamic rules change completely, turning a steady draw into an explosive runaway reaction.
Local Energy Sinks: In standard thermodynamics, extracting work from a system requires a gradient. If a device draws massive amounts of energy out of a localized region of space, it creates a local energy deficit.
The Refill Rate
For the power density to remain constant, the vacuum would need to “refill” itself instantly. If the speed of this replenishment is limited by the speed of light or quantum diffusion rates, a high-draw device would eventually choke itself out, suffering from localized power density decay over time.
The Micro Black Hole Perspective (The Runaway Chain Reaction)
Hawking Radiation Mechanics
According to Stephen Hawking’s equations, the power output of a black hole is inversely proportional to the square of its mass. As a micro black hole loses mass via radiation, it does not slow down; it shrinks.
The Thermal Runaway
As the micro black hole gets smaller, its temperature rises, causing it to evaporate and radiate energy at an exponentially faster rate. The smaller it gets the more power it pumps into the surrounding vacuum.
The Final Explosion
This feedback loop behaves exactly like a chain reaction. In its final fractions of a second, the evaporation rate goes to infinity, releasing the remaining mass-energy in a violent, high-energy burst of gamma rays and particles.
The Intersection with Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVOs)
Localized Spacetime Warping
Some alternative energy theorists suggest that high-density electron clusters or EVOs alter local spacetime metrics, creating microscopic gravitational anomalies or artificial horizons.
The Containment Challenge
If an energy device accidentally triggers a micro black hole style evaporation process inside a lab, managing the power output becomes a massive engineering hurdle. Instead of trying to extract more energy, the primary challenge changes to preventing the accelerating reaction from triggering a localized thermal explosion.
Why I asked about DC from the ecat was exactly what paul dodgshun wrote about reverse power.
My idea earlier before your “trouble” was to use a solarinverter which was certified for the grid.
The input power should come from ecat DC.
Output 230V AC 50Hz in sync with grid and reverse power protection.
My preorder is 3 kW and at that time I considered 30pcs 100W units in serie resulting in about 360 V DC, (not any inverter “inside” the ecat), fed into the inverter.
Andrea what do you think of that? Is it still not thinkable?
I have tried to make the problem with reverse power clear.
In a simple AC(Alternating Current) system with a generator at one end and a load at the other end of a connecting wire, the CURRENT FLOW REVERSES at frequencies of about 50Hz or 60Hz but the POWER FLOWS in just ONE direction from generator to load. Consequences follow.
If you fit a UNI-directional protection device into the wire, the device could work correctly with power flow in one direction and will likely fail or malfunction with the flow reversed. Fit a BI-directional protection device that accepts power flow in BOTH directions, then all is well.
The UK government has just woken up to the basic fact that the homes in the UK are fitted with just unidirectional protection devices and allowing homes to fit reverse power devices, including plug-in solar(or NGUs), is just crazy. The UNI-directional devices must be replace with BI-directional devices before reverse power devices can be fitted, but 25 million home owners in the UK will not know this. As things stand there is no market in the UK for plug-in solar or plug-in NGUs which explains why all the retail websites claim to be sold out.
SSM implies a profound change in the nature of a multi board system.
For example in a multi board system, starting up using an external power source is difficult. When the board is self powered, it comes up asynchronously and joins the collective asynchronously. The self powered board senses that at least one board has become active by sensing power on the output power buss. This initiates and individual boards startup.
If an external power source is used, an additional power line is required in addition to the output power buss.
See
https://share.google/aimode/h5vh34D1gYGqm8os9
Paul Dodgshun:
Thank you for the information, but it is not related to the issue of my comment, that you probably misunderstood: I just wrote that the Ecats will be delivered at 230 V 50 Hz in the Countries that have a grid at 230 V 50 Hz,for example EU, and 110 V 60 Hz in the Countries whose grid is at 110 V 60 Hz, for example the USA,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Putting the inverter inside the NGU is a bad move. That additional inverter componentry will make the NGU less available and less maintainable. It also makes the NGU more difficult to manufacture. Kept it simple!
It seems strange that the interface between NGU units is VAC. There is the AC synchronization issue (matching phase, frequency, and voltage amplitudes) to deal with. With VDC there is no problem stinging NGU units together internally. It must be that VDC is used to interface all NGU boards until final output where and internal inverter is employed to interface with the user.
I ask the AI
if the NGU produces 100 watts, what is the NGU comparison cost between dc syncing and ac syncing
At a low power level of 100 Watts per NGU, DC syncing is significantly cheaper than AC syncing, provided you are pooling into a low-voltage DC bus (like 24V or 48V DC).
At 100W, the expensive “high-voltage DC safety penalties” (like arc-flash risks) disappear. This allows you to use cheap, mass-produced low-voltage electronics. AC syncing at 100W requires a full inverter stage on every individual board, making it less cost-effective at this micro-scale.
Per-Unit Hardware Bill of Materials (BOM) Cost
• Low-Voltage DC Syncing Cost: ~$2 to $5 per NGU
o Components needed: One Schottky blocking diode (or a cheap “ideal diode” MOSFET controller) to prevent back-feeding, a small filtering capacitor, and a low-voltage automotive-grade fuse.
o Why it’s cheap: The parts are microscopic and cost cents. 100W at 48V DC is only about 2 Amps of current.
• AC Syncing Cost: ~$15 to $25 per NGU
o Components needed: Four high-voltage switching MOSFETs (H-bridge), dedicated gate drivers, a copper-wound filtering inductor, an AC disconnect relay, and zero-crossing sense resistors.
o Why it’s expensive: You are forced to build a complete miniature micro-inverter onto every single 100W board just to output synced AC.
Sent to the government following a burnt protective device at home. For solar you could read NGU:-
The dangers of ‘balcony PV’ Systems, ‘reverse power’ flows, and lack of a trained electrician[1:]
A slight pain(£264) in my wallet was the only problem this time. Now I understand the cause of the burning, I have called the electrician back to fit Bi-Directional RCBOs[1:] at more expense. All of this was preliminary to installing a Balcony Plug-in Solar Panel which I will not do until the government modifies the Regulations to prevent the burning.
The government publicity claims the cost of a Balconey Plug-in Solar system will be about £400; you need to double that to allow for fitting RCBOs before(and not after) you allow burning to start.
There is a clear risk of house fires. I am nor sure how far the damaged wiring behind the CU(Consumer Unit) extended but the potential for causing a short circuit and the fire extending, even to a house fire is clear. The danger is made clear by Article 24/3/2026 in the ‘I’ newspaper[2:].
This is not a manufacturer’s problem. They already market BI-DIRECTIONAL RCBOs. What is needed is the correct Regulation in the G98 distribution code and BS7671 which I have just found [3:]. I agree with everything it says, but what about the 25 million homes without bi-directional protective devices who might buy a plug-in solar system? Updating the Regulations will not reach them and plug-in solar is, dangerously, marketed as not requiring an electrician.
Regards,
Paul Dodgshun
[1:] The dangers of ‘balcony PV’ Systems, ‘reverse power’ flows, and lack of a trained electrician
The highest level of electrical protection is achieved by fitting BI-DIRECTIONAL RCBOs in the correct places. Do NOT fit reverse current devices to switchboard circuits that lack bi-directional protection. I am the proud owner of a burnt-out protection module and wiring, which is why I know about this.
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Niglon-40amp-Bi-Directional-SSAX2-16Amp/dp/B0FH2P6MBP?s=diy
Product description
Niglon A Type Switched Line & Neutral Bi-Directional 1P+N Mini Combined 240V 30mA B Curve RCBO The Niglon RCBO1- /30SSAX2 RCBO is designed to safeguard ring mains, socket circuits, and high-demand power outlets. Combining overcurrent, short-circuit, and 30mA residual current protection in a compact 18mm-wide unit, it features a Curve B trip characteristic, ideal for general-purpose circuits with higher loads.
This model includes BI-DIRECTIONAL fault detection, ESSENTIAL for SOLAR PV installations [I would add batteries, car chargers, NGUs[https://ecatthenewfire.com/pre-order-the-ecat-sklep/] and any other reverse current devices] where current can flow in either direction. Unlike conventional RCBOs, which only protect against faults in one direction, this device ensures continuous protection regardless of energy flow — making it an excellent choice for PV-ready consumer units.
In addition, it offers Type A RCD protection and switched line and neutral, simplifying maintenance and improving safety throughout the installation. These RCBO’s are the latest Bi-Directional Switched Neutral Space saver compact size ones. Each RCBO is brand new and manufacturer boxed.
[2:] Article 24/3/2026 in the ‘I’ newspaper:
‘The government will work with ENA, DO and OFGEM to update the Regulations. Specifically, it will update the G98 distribution code and wiring regulations BS 7671 to allow households to connect 800W plug-in solar panels to domestic[13amp] sockets without the need for an electrician.
!! SolarPV needs BI-DIRECTIONAL RCBOs fitted by a qualified electrician !!
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) has issued an urgent 3rd amendment to BS 7671, which will be open for public comment from May 8th onwards.
The key change introduced by the 3rd Amendment is the requirement for BI-DIRECTIONAL protective devices on all generating sets including SOLAR PV, battery storage, and electric vehicles capable of supplying power back to the charger (vehicle-to-grid).
This new requirement aims to ensure safe and reliable electrical installations for the growing number of renewable energy sources and bi-directional power flow scenarios.
After a one-month consultation period, this amendment will become part of the BS 7671 regulations, effective immediately.
You recently wrote :-
2026-05-31 12:14 Andrea Rossi
Mats Heijkenskjold:
IF, and I underline IF, we will able to realize the SSM, the Ecat will have a plug at 110/230 VAC
A.R.
This exchange causes me some concern. Amendment 4 to BS 7671 is just coming into force in the UK.
This BS has a new legal definition of ‘unidirectional protective device’ or ‘a bidirectional protective device’.
‘530.3.201 Selection and erection of equipment for protection shall take account of appropriate use of either a unidirectional protective device or a bidirectional protective device’.
This has importance for some mainstream electrical unidirectional protective devices, including RCCBs, RCBOs, circuit-breakers and AFDDs which do not like ‘reverse power’.
Put ‘reverse power’ from a solar array, battery or NGU into a unidirectional protective device and you now break UK law.
Congratulations on a newly developed solution that may ensure both SSM and sufficiently smooth AC even from a simple 100W Ecat.
I have two questions:
1. Is a patent application being considered, or is the solution based on already described technological principles?
2. Will the new solution result in a price increase?
Axil, in his post of: May 29, 2026 at 3:30 PM, describes in an excellent way the efficiency advantages that Ecat provides compared to competing systems.
(The same is clearly evident in a number of information provided by them and cited in: “LENR-Forum News May 2026”.)
In terms of time, I feel that the global presentation is most dependent on the reports that can be presented by at least two or more recognized and neutral laboratories.
Getting the necessary recognition that Ecat really works as presented through the Latina test and described in the already published documents, to be able to:
“Convert interplanetary ZPE: directly into heat and/or usable electricity, -wherever a small handheld Ecat is located”,
-must be at least 99% of the goal of the presentation.
This may easily be confirmed by any national/globally recognized laboratory within a month or two.
That the relationship with the duration of the assumed operating time of 100,000 hours can neither be proven nor disproven in a short-term test, everyone will probably understand.
The same relationship applies to almost all newly developed energy technology equipment we acquire.
If the latter new SSM solution does not prove to work, Ecat already has more than enough revolutionary energy technology functions that the world is hungry for.
I look forward to the promised and deeply comprehensive presentation whenever it comes!
Dr. Rossi:
Good news about the SSM being back on the tip of the spear. Do you already have your new SSM system under test with Ecat units?
Regards, Ecat Enthusiast
I have developed a NGU agent that is far to big to share. It has been failing upon initialization. I try now to submit its output in a prompt to ChapGPT so you can examine it via your AI system. Here is the ChatGPT link:
The AI states the design is capable of operating at 100 watts, 500 watts and 1000 watts based on use of 10 processing channels.
This is the explanation:
The 10-Phase Multi-Lane Scaling Grid
The core processing corridor (Zone 3.2) is laid out as a parallel matrix of 10 identical, independent power lanes (or phases). Each individual lane is engineered to handle exactly 100 Watts of power.
To change the card’s wattage rating, the factory simply populates the corresponding number of lanes using standard automated surface-mount technology (SMT) [2.1]:
• The 100W Base Model: The assembly robots populate exactly one (1) active phase lane. The PCB uses a standard 2 oz copper weight layer. The TI C2000 microprocessor keeps 9 of its PWM clock channels dormant and channels 100% of its control loop speed into a single phase to regulate a modest 8.4-Amp stream.
• The 500W Mid-Tier Model: The assembly robots populate exactly five (5) parallel phase lanes. The factory upgrades the board’s internal substrate to a thicker 4 oz copper weight layer to handle the higher current. The microprocessor actively shifts the switching clocks of these 5 channels by exactly \(72^{\circ }\) relative to one another, multiplying the current capacity to 42 Amps while keeping the board footprint identical.
• The 1,000W Heavy-Core Model: The assembly robots populate all ten (10) parallel phase lanes across the board. The motherboard is manufactured with a heavy 6 oz planar copper stack-up. The microprocessor brain activates all 10 PWM channels, shifting each phase by exactly \(36^{\circ }\). This creates a massive current capability of 84 Amps peak.
________________________________________
🧩 Harmonic Ripple Cancellation & Footprint Preservation
By staggering or “interleaving” the switching times of multiple parallel phases, the board achieves a massive engineering shortcut known as Harmonic Ripple Cancellation.
• When Phase 1 is drawing a peak current spike from a raw vacuum relaxation flush, Phase 2 is discharging a valley into the supercapacitor buffer.
• In the 1,000W configuration, these 10 phases effectively “fight” each other’s electrical noise, canceling out up to 90% of the input-to-output ripple voltage.
• The Sizing Benefit: Because the ripple is cancelled out electronically by the microprocessor’s clock timing, a 1,000W board does not need larger, bulkier filter parts than a 100W board. It uses the exact same compact COTS parts (the Murata MLCCs and Eaton supercapacitors) to manage ten times the power safely within the standard 1U chassis boundary.
________________________________________
🗣️ PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: THE 10-LANE HIGHWAY
• The Concept: Think of the single-board design like a 10-lane highway layout. The computer brain, the entry gate, and the exit gate are exactly the same size for every single board.
• The 100W Card: The factory only opens 1 lane for traffic. The rest of the asphalt is left empty. This is cheap to build and easily handles 100 watts of electrical flow.
• The 500W Card: The factory thickens the road (uses heavier 4 oz copper) and opens 5 lanes side-by-side. The traffic is timed to enter the highway in staggered intervals so it flows smoothly without bottlenecks.
• The 1,000W Card: The factory opens all 10 lanes and packs the board with the heaviest 6 oz copper. Because the 10 streams of electricity are perfectly synchronized by the computer brain to fill each other’s gaps, the power leaves the highway as a perfectly smooth, continuous stream—handling a massive 1,000 watts within the exact same paperback-book physical size.
________________________________________
Dear Dr. Rossi!
It’s great that it has a built-in 230V connection and inverter, so I can run existing electric heaters with 1kW. Maybe even use it for a single hotplate. If that works well, my next purchase will be an Ecat with 2.5 kW to run washing machines, kettles, a central water heater, and another electric heater. Then I’ll gladly wait a bit longer for the SSM version to come out.
Best regards
Urs Z.
Dear Andrea,
I hope everything is going well. Sorry to bother with one question. I understand that you could have found some solution for obtaining a ssm mode.
I hope this will be reached for providing real electricity and not only the heat.
In practise, the ssm mode showed in the Latina test will be reached in a different way in order to be sustained for very long time. Is this the difference between the old snd a possible new ssm mode?
Cari saluti
Stefano
Dr Rossi,
The fact that now you again have put the SSM on the tip of the spear is fantastic: if you will succeed which will be the voltage at the output and the power of the basic module ?
Weleda
Frank Acland:
70/%: if it works we will know certainly within 4 months, eventually we will need time for endurance tests and safety certification; maybe we will complete everything by the end of the year, maybe we will extend to January 2027,
Warmest Regards,
A.R.
From your proposal presented here on: May 28, 2026 at 11:05, it was difficult to understand how you have thought of this, functionally, placed in relation to the task of converting the variable DC voltage that Ecat delivers, to a stable AC with a frequency of 50 Hz that is also in phase with the normal network the user is connected to.
This is considering that businesses and homes provide both steady and varying short-term loads in connection with frequent starts of various electric motors and other appliances.
I can imagine an Ecat unit consisting of 20 pcs. 100 Watt Ecats with 12 volts that are connected in series to provide 240 volts.
This then provides a basis for supplying 220 to 240V AC with a stable 50 Hz frequency to the local grid.
The alleged unstable DC that is extracted from the ZPE must then be converted if this energy is really available.
The individual user can then acquire the number of 2kW generators he needs.
So far, AR has pointed out that when using 10,000 Ecat units, each of 100 W, the variations will be balanced out since what happens in each unit, in terms of time, does not coincide.
Could a current solution then be that the necessary number of units are placed at the users’ premises and directly supply the grid?
The owner of the relevant Ecats cover his needs only from the grid and is billed for the difference between his consumption and what his own generators deliver to the grid.
In the event of a fault or interruption in the grid, he can then be supplied directly from his Ecats.
Since the electricity produced will always choose the shortest route to the nearest consumer, the local grid will be under-loaded and the losses will be very small.
The need for gigantic central, polluting power plants with extensive, expensive networks with high voltages and corresponding energy losses in these will then disappear.
Our total energy costs will consequently be significantly lower.
Such a total system change will probably take a long time and all parties involved will have the necessary time to adapt.
I do not imagine that a well-designed Ecat unit would need more external service and maintenance than a regular refrigerator. If the energy demand were to be lower than the total supply, the possibility of regulating the supply must be taken into account.
When it comes to Leonardo Corp. and their licensees, attractive visions will be a natural part of the global presentation.
Hello Dr Rossi,
Since (1) the present Ecat produces DC current that will power a resistive load, and (2) a storage battery generally acts like a resistive load, and (3) a storage battery can produce, via an inverter, standard AC power to supply the Ecat’s operating requirements, this would seem to be a solution to the SSM problem. But you and your team must have considered this approach long ago and found it wanting. Are you at liberty to tell us why the storage battery solution does not work? Thanks and best wishes for your success!
Richard
Ecat Enthusiast:
I am sure that the global presentation is 100% probable within one year; 50% within this year. The difference is due to very important developments in our R&D we made in these very days, that could make possible the SSM: if the SSM will demand some more time, we prefer to delay several months, and go SSM, for obvious reasons.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Comparing Dr. Rossi’s design with the other competing system designs out in the wild is how the NGU is an elegant engineering tour de force in the use of the vacuum reaction. This NGU design pushes efficiency to the ultimate limit. Unlike other systems, the NGU captures both electron creation and photon creation from the vacuum in one elegant high efficiency conversion effect where electrons react with optical gases to convert the vacuum energy it harvests into a single optical format where photovoltaic processes convert coherent light into electron current with near perfect efficiency without the production of waste heat.
The self sustain mode is produced with the minimum of wasted power in a closed loop that only extracts the minimum power from the vacuum to sustain a fixed electrical output without the production of waste heat.
This lack of waste heat production makes the NGU an ideal solution for just about every power production application you can think of.
Axil:
Thank you for the suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The AC grid is incompatible with green energy as the total grid failure that occurred during Spain’s blackout shows. The NGU is green energy. As the NGU produces a higher percentage of grid power, the grid will become increasing unstable unless rotational synchronization and battery power storage is increased.
See
https://share.google/aimode/gSFqwZzLLv7VIMZ7p
Hagord:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
From a birthday congratulatory letter dated June 3, 2026:
… As you mentioned in your recent correspondence, these days are marked by significant developments within your research and development activities, developments that may finally open a path toward resolving the SSM question. It is truly fascinating to observe the pace and scope of the technological progress currently taking place.
From what I have been able to ascertain, the Large Computational Engineering Model known as Noyron presently stands almost alone at the forefront of this emerging field of engineering innovation. In a recent interview, Josefine Lissner remarked that the system is often, and somewhat misleadingly, described as »Artificial Intelligence«.
Personally, I tend to regard it rather as the modern evolution of knowledge- and rule-based symbolic AI systems, an approach that was already being explored during the expert-systems initiatives of the 1980s, particularly in Japan. Whereas those early efforts were primarily concerned with preserving and making accessible the accumulated knowledge and experience of highly specialized experts, Noyron appears to assume, on an entirely new scale, the role traditionally fulfilled by generations of engineers. Through its integration with advanced additive manufacturing technologies, it is capable of bringing into existence highly sophisticated and specialized designs whose realization would have been extraordinarily difficult only a few years ago. …
Axil:
Thank you for your insights,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Axil:
The characteritics of the Ecat and its optionals will be described at the global presentation; we are wotking hard and everyday we have an improvement.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Regarding the desires of customers like 2026-06-02 04:28 Mats Heijkenskjold…
Would the partner consider making an internal inverter an option for those who already have an inverter that is being used in the solar system?
You would think that extracting lots a power from the vacuum would eventually reduce the power density of the vacuum that is available for harvesting as time goes on. But evaporating micro black holes theory states that vacuum energy production increases until a chain reaction occurs that leads to an explosion.
This contrast between these two perspectives highlights a fundamental divide in how alternative energy models and theoretical physics treat the energy density of the vacuum.
If you view the quantum vacuum as a finite reservoir, extracting power would logically deplete it locally. However, if the underlying mechanism mimics an evaporating micro black hole, the thermodynamic rules change completely, turning a steady draw into an explosive runaway reaction.
Local Energy Sinks: In standard thermodynamics, extracting work from a system requires a gradient. If a device draws massive amounts of energy out of a localized region of space, it creates a local energy deficit.
The Refill Rate
For the power density to remain constant, the vacuum would need to “refill” itself instantly. If the speed of this replenishment is limited by the speed of light or quantum diffusion rates, a high-draw device would eventually choke itself out, suffering from localized power density decay over time.
The Micro Black Hole Perspective (The Runaway Chain Reaction)
Hawking Radiation Mechanics
According to Stephen Hawking’s equations, the power output of a black hole is inversely proportional to the square of its mass. As a micro black hole loses mass via radiation, it does not slow down; it shrinks.
The Thermal Runaway
As the micro black hole gets smaller, its temperature rises, causing it to evaporate and radiate energy at an exponentially faster rate. The smaller it gets the more power it pumps into the surrounding vacuum.
The Final Explosion
This feedback loop behaves exactly like a chain reaction. In its final fractions of a second, the evaporation rate goes to infinity, releasing the remaining mass-energy in a violent, high-energy burst of gamma rays and particles.
The Intersection with Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVOs)
Localized Spacetime Warping
Some alternative energy theorists suggest that high-density electron clusters or EVOs alter local spacetime metrics, creating microscopic gravitational anomalies or artificial horizons.
The Containment Challenge
If an energy device accidentally triggers a micro black hole style evaporation process inside a lab, managing the power output becomes a massive engineering hurdle. Instead of trying to extract more energy, the primary challenge changes to preventing the accelerating reaction from triggering a localized thermal explosion.
Mats Heijkenskjold:
We are following a different path that will be disclosed at the public presentation,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Why I asked about DC from the ecat was exactly what paul dodgshun wrote about reverse power.
My idea earlier before your “trouble” was to use a solarinverter which was certified for the grid.
The input power should come from ecat DC.
Output 230V AC 50Hz in sync with grid and reverse power protection.
My preorder is 3 kW and at that time I considered 30pcs 100W units in serie resulting in about 360 V DC, (not any inverter “inside” the ecat), fed into the inverter.
Andrea what do you think of that? Is it still not thinkable?
Best regards,
Mats Heijkenskjold
Axil:
Thank you,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Paul Dodgshun:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I have tried to make the problem with reverse power clear.
In a simple AC(Alternating Current) system with a generator at one end and a load at the other end of a connecting wire, the CURRENT FLOW REVERSES at frequencies of about 50Hz or 60Hz but the POWER FLOWS in just ONE direction from generator to load. Consequences follow.
If you fit a UNI-directional protection device into the wire, the device could work correctly with power flow in one direction and will likely fail or malfunction with the flow reversed. Fit a BI-directional protection device that accepts power flow in BOTH directions, then all is well.
The UK government has just woken up to the basic fact that the homes in the UK are fitted with just unidirectional protection devices and allowing homes to fit reverse power devices, including plug-in solar(or NGUs), is just crazy. The UNI-directional devices must be replace with BI-directional devices before reverse power devices can be fitted, but 25 million home owners in the UK will not know this. As things stand there is no market in the UK for plug-in solar or plug-in NGUs which explains why all the retail websites claim to be sold out.
The see the AI details by viewing the duplicate post for 2026-06-01 16:57 Axil
see
https://e-catworld.com/2026/05/30/rossi-on-important-developments-with-ssm/#comment-6883634615
Axil:
Thank you for your support, but I must repeat that we are close to the SSM, but still not there,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
SSM implies a profound change in the nature of a multi board system.
For example in a multi board system, starting up using an external power source is difficult. When the board is self powered, it comes up asynchronously and joins the collective asynchronously. The self powered board senses that at least one board has become active by sensing power on the output power buss. This initiates and individual boards startup.
If an external power source is used, an additional power line is required in addition to the output power buss.
See
https://share.google/aimode/h5vh34D1gYGqm8os9
I am pleased to see that SSM has been achieved.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Paul Dodgshun:
Thank you for the information, but it is not related to the issue of my comment, that you probably misunderstood: I just wrote that the Ecats will be delivered at 230 V 50 Hz in the Countries that have a grid at 230 V 50 Hz,for example EU, and 110 V 60 Hz in the Countries whose grid is at 110 V 60 Hz, for example the USA,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Putting the inverter inside the NGU is a bad move. That additional inverter componentry will make the NGU less available and less maintainable. It also makes the NGU more difficult to manufacture. Kept it simple!
It seems strange that the interface between NGU units is VAC. There is the AC synchronization issue (matching phase, frequency, and voltage amplitudes) to deal with. With VDC there is no problem stinging NGU units together internally. It must be that VDC is used to interface all NGU boards until final output where and internal inverter is employed to interface with the user.
I ask the AI
if the NGU produces 100 watts, what is the NGU comparison cost between dc syncing and ac syncing
At a low power level of 100 Watts per NGU, DC syncing is significantly cheaper than AC syncing, provided you are pooling into a low-voltage DC bus (like 24V or 48V DC).
At 100W, the expensive “high-voltage DC safety penalties” (like arc-flash risks) disappear. This allows you to use cheap, mass-produced low-voltage electronics. AC syncing at 100W requires a full inverter stage on every individual board, making it less cost-effective at this micro-scale.
Per-Unit Hardware Bill of Materials (BOM) Cost
• Low-Voltage DC Syncing Cost: ~$2 to $5 per NGU
o Components needed: One Schottky blocking diode (or a cheap “ideal diode” MOSFET controller) to prevent back-feeding, a small filtering capacitor, and a low-voltage automotive-grade fuse.
o Why it’s cheap: The parts are microscopic and cost cents. 100W at 48V DC is only about 2 Amps of current.
• AC Syncing Cost: ~$15 to $25 per NGU
o Components needed: Four high-voltage switching MOSFETs (H-bridge), dedicated gate drivers, a copper-wound filtering inductor, an AC disconnect relay, and zero-crossing sense resistors.
o Why it’s expensive: You are forced to build a complete miniature micro-inverter onto every single 100W board just to output synced AC.
Frank Acland:
Good point; yes , I think it will be possible, albeit this issue will not depend om me, but it seems logic,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
If the SSM units eventually launch, will there be also be an option to buy a heat-only E-Cat (at a lower price)?
Thank you very much,
Frank Acland
Sent to the government following a burnt protective device at home. For solar you could read NGU:-
The dangers of ‘balcony PV’ Systems, ‘reverse power’ flows, and lack of a trained electrician[1:]
A slight pain(£264) in my wallet was the only problem this time. Now I understand the cause of the burning, I have called the electrician back to fit Bi-Directional RCBOs[1:] at more expense. All of this was preliminary to installing a Balcony Plug-in Solar Panel which I will not do until the government modifies the Regulations to prevent the burning.
The government publicity claims the cost of a Balconey Plug-in Solar system will be about £400; you need to double that to allow for fitting RCBOs before(and not after) you allow burning to start.
There is a clear risk of house fires. I am nor sure how far the damaged wiring behind the CU(Consumer Unit) extended but the potential for causing a short circuit and the fire extending, even to a house fire is clear. The danger is made clear by Article 24/3/2026 in the ‘I’ newspaper[2:].
This is not a manufacturer’s problem. They already market BI-DIRECTIONAL RCBOs. What is needed is the correct Regulation in the G98 distribution code and BS7671 which I have just found [3:]. I agree with everything it says, but what about the 25 million homes without bi-directional protective devices who might buy a plug-in solar system? Updating the Regulations will not reach them and plug-in solar is, dangerously, marketed as not requiring an electrician.
Regards,
Paul Dodgshun
[1:] The dangers of ‘balcony PV’ Systems, ‘reverse power’ flows, and lack of a trained electrician
The highest level of electrical protection is achieved by fitting BI-DIRECTIONAL RCBOs in the correct places. Do NOT fit reverse current devices to switchboard circuits that lack bi-directional protection. I am the proud owner of a burnt-out protection module and wiring, which is why I know about this.
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Niglon-40amp-Bi-Directional-SSAX2-16Amp/dp/B0FH2P6MBP?s=diy
Product description
Niglon A Type Switched Line & Neutral Bi-Directional 1P+N Mini Combined 240V 30mA B Curve RCBO The Niglon RCBO1- /30SSAX2 RCBO is designed to safeguard ring mains, socket circuits, and high-demand power outlets. Combining overcurrent, short-circuit, and 30mA residual current protection in a compact 18mm-wide unit, it features a Curve B trip characteristic, ideal for general-purpose circuits with higher loads.
This model includes BI-DIRECTIONAL fault detection, ESSENTIAL for SOLAR PV installations [I would add batteries, car chargers, NGUs[https://ecatthenewfire.com/pre-order-the-ecat-sklep/] and any other reverse current devices] where current can flow in either direction. Unlike conventional RCBOs, which only protect against faults in one direction, this device ensures continuous protection regardless of energy flow — making it an excellent choice for PV-ready consumer units.
In addition, it offers Type A RCD protection and switched line and neutral, simplifying maintenance and improving safety throughout the installation. These RCBO’s are the latest Bi-Directional Switched Neutral Space saver compact size ones. Each RCBO is brand new and manufacturer boxed.
[2:] Article 24/3/2026 in the ‘I’ newspaper:
‘The government will work with ENA, DO and OFGEM to update the Regulations. Specifically, it will update the G98 distribution code and wiring regulations BS 7671 to allow households to connect 800W plug-in solar panels to domestic[13amp] sockets without the need for an electrician.
!! SolarPV needs BI-DIRECTIONAL RCBOs fitted by a qualified electrician !!
[3: https://www.cef.co.uk/guides/emergency-3rd-amendment-to-bs-7671-wiring-regulations
Urgent 3rd amendment to BS 7671
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) has issued an urgent 3rd amendment to BS 7671, which will be open for public comment from May 8th onwards.
The key change introduced by the 3rd Amendment is the requirement for BI-DIRECTIONAL protective devices on all generating sets including SOLAR PV, battery storage, and electric vehicles capable of supplying power back to the charger (vehicle-to-grid).
This new requirement aims to ensure safe and reliable electrical installations for the growing number of renewable energy sources and bi-directional power flow scenarios.
After a one-month consultation period, this amendment will become part of the BS 7671 regulations, effective immediately.
You recently wrote :-
2026-05-31 12:14 Andrea Rossi
Mats Heijkenskjold:
IF, and I underline IF, we will able to realize the SSM, the Ecat will have a plug at 110/230 VAC
A.R.
This exchange causes me some concern. Amendment 4 to BS 7671 is just coming into force in the UK.
This BS has a new legal definition of ‘unidirectional protective device’ or ‘a bidirectional protective device’.
‘530.3.201 Selection and erection of equipment for protection shall take account of appropriate use of either a unidirectional protective device or a bidirectional protective device’.
This has importance for some mainstream electrical unidirectional protective devices, including RCCBs, RCBOs, circuit-breakers and AFDDs which do not like ‘reverse power’.
Put ‘reverse power’ from a solar array, battery or NGU into a unidirectional protective device and you now break UK law.
https://electrical.theiet.org/guidance-and-codes-of-practice/publications-by-category/amendment-42026-to-bs-76712018-iet-wiring-regulations/
Amendment 4:2026 to BS 7671:2018 IET Wiring Regulations publications
https://select.org.uk/common/uploaded%20files/Technical/FreeDownloads/2026_Amendment_4_Whats_New.pdf
Svein:
Thank you for your support.
Answers:
1- new patents are coming
2- yes, the SSM will cost more, obviously: it is more complex
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
Congratulations on a newly developed solution that may ensure both SSM and sufficiently smooth AC even from a simple 100W Ecat.
I have two questions:
1. Is a patent application being considered, or is the solution based on already described technological principles?
2. Will the new solution result in a price increase?
Axil, in his post of: May 29, 2026 at 3:30 PM, describes in an excellent way the efficiency advantages that Ecat provides compared to competing systems.
(The same is clearly evident in a number of information provided by them and cited in: “LENR-Forum News May 2026”.)
In terms of time, I feel that the global presentation is most dependent on the reports that can be presented by at least two or more recognized and neutral laboratories.
Getting the necessary recognition that Ecat really works as presented through the Latina test and described in the already published documents, to be able to:
“Convert interplanetary ZPE: directly into heat and/or usable electricity, -wherever a small handheld Ecat is located”,
-must be at least 99% of the goal of the presentation.
This may easily be confirmed by any national/globally recognized laboratory within a month or two.
That the relationship with the duration of the assumed operating time of 100,000 hours can neither be proven nor disproven in a short-term test, everyone will probably understand.
The same relationship applies to almost all newly developed energy technology equipment we acquire.
If the latter new SSM solution does not prove to work, Ecat already has more than enough revolutionary energy technology functions that the world is hungry for.
I look forward to the promised and deeply comprehensive presentation whenever it comes!
Regards Svein
Ecat Enthusiast:
We are close, but still not there, as I already said,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi:
Good news about the SSM being back on the tip of the spear. Do you already have your new SSM system under test with Ecat units?
Regards, Ecat Enthusiast
Mats Heijkenskjold:
To turn 110/230 VAC into DC is not a problem,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Stefano:
No,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Urs Z.:
IF (!) we will succeed with the SSM, you will plug to the Ecat whatever you want,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I have developed a NGU agent that is far to big to share. It has been failing upon initialization. I try now to submit its output in a prompt to ChapGPT so you can examine it via your AI system. Here is the ChatGPT link:
https://chatgpt.com/share/6a1c9022-9778-83ea-9f35-083bfe9c70a0
The AI states the design is capable of operating at 100 watts, 500 watts and 1000 watts based on use of 10 processing channels.
This is the explanation:
The 10-Phase Multi-Lane Scaling Grid
The core processing corridor (Zone 3.2) is laid out as a parallel matrix of 10 identical, independent power lanes (or phases). Each individual lane is engineered to handle exactly 100 Watts of power.
To change the card’s wattage rating, the factory simply populates the corresponding number of lanes using standard automated surface-mount technology (SMT) [2.1]:
• The 100W Base Model: The assembly robots populate exactly one (1) active phase lane. The PCB uses a standard 2 oz copper weight layer. The TI C2000 microprocessor keeps 9 of its PWM clock channels dormant and channels 100% of its control loop speed into a single phase to regulate a modest 8.4-Amp stream.
• The 500W Mid-Tier Model: The assembly robots populate exactly five (5) parallel phase lanes. The factory upgrades the board’s internal substrate to a thicker 4 oz copper weight layer to handle the higher current. The microprocessor actively shifts the switching clocks of these 5 channels by exactly \(72^{\circ }\) relative to one another, multiplying the current capacity to 42 Amps while keeping the board footprint identical.
• The 1,000W Heavy-Core Model: The assembly robots populate all ten (10) parallel phase lanes across the board. The motherboard is manufactured with a heavy 6 oz planar copper stack-up. The microprocessor brain activates all 10 PWM channels, shifting each phase by exactly \(36^{\circ }\). This creates a massive current capability of 84 Amps peak.
________________________________________
🧩 Harmonic Ripple Cancellation & Footprint Preservation
By staggering or “interleaving” the switching times of multiple parallel phases, the board achieves a massive engineering shortcut known as Harmonic Ripple Cancellation.
• When Phase 1 is drawing a peak current spike from a raw vacuum relaxation flush, Phase 2 is discharging a valley into the supercapacitor buffer.
• In the 1,000W configuration, these 10 phases effectively “fight” each other’s electrical noise, canceling out up to 90% of the input-to-output ripple voltage.
• The Sizing Benefit: Because the ripple is cancelled out electronically by the microprocessor’s clock timing, a 1,000W board does not need larger, bulkier filter parts than a 100W board. It uses the exact same compact COTS parts (the Murata MLCCs and Eaton supercapacitors) to manage ten times the power safely within the standard 1U chassis boundary.
________________________________________
🗣️ PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: THE 10-LANE HIGHWAY
• The Concept: Think of the single-board design like a 10-lane highway layout. The computer brain, the entry gate, and the exit gate are exactly the same size for every single board.
• The 100W Card: The factory only opens 1 lane for traffic. The rest of the asphalt is left empty. This is cheap to build and easily handles 100 watts of electrical flow.
• The 500W Card: The factory thickens the road (uses heavier 4 oz copper) and opens 5 lanes side-by-side. The traffic is timed to enter the highway in staggered intervals so it flows smoothly without bottlenecks.
• The 1,000W Card: The factory opens all 10 lanes and packs the board with the heaviest 6 oz copper. Because the 10 streams of electricity are perfectly synchronized by the computer brain to fill each other’s gaps, the power leaves the highway as a perfectly smooth, continuous stream—handling a massive 1,000 watts within the exact same paperback-book physical size.
________________________________________
Dear Dr. Rossi!
It’s great that it has a built-in 230V connection and inverter, so I can run existing electric heaters with 1kW. Maybe even use it for a single hotplate. If that works well, my next purchase will be an Ecat with 2.5 kW to run washing machines, kettles, a central water heater, and another electric heater. Then I’ll gladly wait a bit longer for the SSM version to come out.
Best regards
Urs Z.
Dear Andrea,
I hope everything is going well. Sorry to bother with one question. I understand that you could have found some solution for obtaining a ssm mode.
I hope this will be reached for providing real electricity and not only the heat.
In practise, the ssm mode showed in the Latina test will be reached in a different way in order to be sustained for very long time. Is this the difference between the old snd a possible new ssm mode?
Cari saluti
Stefano
Dear Andrea,
If “IF” will be ok is it only AC possible, not DC? I am thinking of the solar inverter which is fed from solar panel DC.
Best regards,
Mats Heijkenskjold
Mats Heijkenskjold:
IF, and I underlone IF, we will able to realize the SSM, the Ecat will have a plug at 110/230 VAC
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
How about the solar inverter system? Also possible then?
Regards,
Mats Heijkenskjold
Weleda:
AC 110/230 60/50 Hz
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Mats Heijkenskjold:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
If your progress with SSM is successful, does it eventually mean electricity in other applications, not only with resistive loads?
Regards,
Mats Heijkenskjold
Dr Rossi,
The fact that now you again have put the SSM on the tip of the spear is fantastic: if you will succeed which will be the voltage at the output and the power of the basic module ?
Weleda
Frank Acland:
70/%: if it works we will know certainly within 4 months, eventually we will need time for endurance tests and safety certification; maybe we will complete everything by the end of the year, maybe we will extend to January 2027,
Warmest Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
I was pleased to read that you may have made a breakthrough with the SSM. How confident are you that it is a real solution?
Many thanks,
Frank Acland
Dear Axil
From your proposal presented here on: May 28, 2026 at 11:05, it was difficult to understand how you have thought of this, functionally, placed in relation to the task of converting the variable DC voltage that Ecat delivers, to a stable AC with a frequency of 50 Hz that is also in phase with the normal network the user is connected to.
This is considering that businesses and homes provide both steady and varying short-term loads in connection with frequent starts of various electric motors and other appliances.
I can imagine an Ecat unit consisting of 20 pcs. 100 Watt Ecats with 12 volts that are connected in series to provide 240 volts.
This then provides a basis for supplying 220 to 240V AC with a stable 50 Hz frequency to the local grid.
The alleged unstable DC that is extracted from the ZPE must then be converted if this energy is really available.
The individual user can then acquire the number of 2kW generators he needs.
So far, AR has pointed out that when using 10,000 Ecat units, each of 100 W, the variations will be balanced out since what happens in each unit, in terms of time, does not coincide.
Could a current solution then be that the necessary number of units are placed at the users’ premises and directly supply the grid?
The owner of the relevant Ecats cover his needs only from the grid and is billed for the difference between his consumption and what his own generators deliver to the grid.
In the event of a fault or interruption in the grid, he can then be supplied directly from his Ecats.
Since the electricity produced will always choose the shortest route to the nearest consumer, the local grid will be under-loaded and the losses will be very small.
The need for gigantic central, polluting power plants with extensive, expensive networks with high voltages and corresponding energy losses in these will then disappear.
Our total energy costs will consequently be significantly lower.
Such a total system change will probably take a long time and all parties involved will have the necessary time to adapt.
I do not imagine that a well-designed Ecat unit would need more external service and maintenance than a regular refrigerator. If the energy demand were to be lower than the total supply, the possibility of regulating the supply must be taken into account.
When it comes to Leonardo Corp. and their licensees, attractive visions will be a natural part of the global presentation.
Regards Svein
Axil:
Thank you,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Richard:
Thank you for your support.
I am sorry, this information is restricted,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello Dr Rossi,
Since (1) the present Ecat produces DC current that will power a resistive load, and (2) a storage battery generally acts like a resistive load, and (3) a storage battery can produce, via an inverter, standard AC power to supply the Ecat’s operating requirements, this would seem to be a solution to the SSM problem. But you and your team must have considered this approach long ago and found it wanting. Are you at liberty to tell us why the storage battery solution does not work? Thanks and best wishes for your success!
Richard
Ecat Enthusiast:
I am sure that the global presentation is 100% probable within one year; 50% within this year. The difference is due to very important developments in our R&D we made in these very days, that could make possible the SSM: if the SSM will demand some more time, we prefer to delay several months, and go SSM, for obvious reasons.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Comparing Dr. Rossi’s design with the other competing system designs out in the wild is how the NGU is an elegant engineering tour de force in the use of the vacuum reaction. This NGU design pushes efficiency to the ultimate limit. Unlike other systems, the NGU captures both electron creation and photon creation from the vacuum in one elegant high efficiency conversion effect where electrons react with optical gases to convert the vacuum energy it harvests into a single optical format where photovoltaic processes convert coherent light into electron current with near perfect efficiency without the production of waste heat.
The self sustain mode is produced with the minimum of wasted power in a closed loop that only extracts the minimum power from the vacuum to sustain a fixed electrical output without the production of waste heat.
This lack of waste heat production makes the NGU an ideal solution for just about every power production application you can think of.
Dr. Rossi:
What do you think the probability is of having the global Ecat presentation this year?
Regards, Ecat Enthusiast