Dear Andrea, I have a suggestion for your consideration.
In order to capture the immediate and serious interest of a wide- range of top-tier industrialists at the time of the worldwide general E-Cat presentation, perhaps there could also be streamed, at the same time, a complementary second one devoted specifically to industrial people ONLY. Not for the general public.
This would show to and convince them that a dedicated, advisory and planning team of experts will be immediately available for their company when they decide to take the decision to buy into a suitable E-Cat system that should benefit them a great deal.
It occurs to me that there will be many decision-making people at the top of their businesses who will not be sufficiently educated in advanced scientific principles. They would be attracted by the above- mentioned facility which will ease their minds and encourage them to get quickly involved in a totally novel process that will surely benefit the company enormously. They could be advised on set-up procedures to do exactly what they want.This should involve face-to-face meetings ,not just email communication.
Naturally, they will be concerned about the reliability of the new system at the outset, but the dedicated, problem-solving expertise of the easy-to-contact, help- center/centre should eliminate those fears. They could also be given a good estimation of how much extra profit for the company would likely be attained compared to their current situation.
This would require a somewhat large team of well-trained individuals—-perhaps several such teams. This would also involve your partner training up suitable candidates quite quickly if January, 2027, is to be the time for the general presentation.
I am undecided whether or not a single center/centre should exist, or whether one in each continent would be more appropriate. Does this seem a sensible suggestion? Perhaps too much to accomplish in the time available.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
In your answer to Jean Paul Renoir on June 26, 2026 at 5:08 PM you say: I can answer INCREASED, because today we reached an important goal. Could you elaborate what this is?
Kind regards,
Calle H
The NGU is dumb. It has no microprocessor that can handle errors or exceptions. This is why the NGU needs a experienced 24/7 operator to respond to a changing environment that all retail users will encounter. Customer service will be a nightmare. This is the reason that the NGU must be placed in a fielding situation where all it does is produce 12 volt DC power like a battery were its only decision point is to be on or off. This is why the 1:1 grid fielding deployment is ideal. The grid capable inverter that teams with the NGU and provides the smarts to responds to grid exceptions. All the NGU needs to do is generate electric power as directed by the the inverter. Putting the NGU in its current state out into the wild without direction and supervision is making for BIG trouble.
Advantages of the 1:1 Inverter-Controlled Deployment
Risk Mitigation:
Stripping the generation unit of decision-making eliminates firmware glitches, error-looping, and unhandled environmental exceptions.
Leveraging Existing Tech:
Grid-capable inverters are already engineered, tested, and certified to handle micro-fluctuations, safety disconnects, and load balancing.
Simplified Scaling:
The generation unit can be mass-produced at a lower cost because it only needs to focus on stable DC output, akin to a “dumb” battery bank.
Operational Safety:
If the grid or load behaves unexpectedly, the inverter acts as the firewall, shutting down or throttling the system before any physical damage occurs to the generator.
The Retail Reality
Deploying unmanaged units directly to retail consumers would inevitably lead to a support nightmare. Retail environments are unpredictable, featuring variable loads, improper venting, and inconsistent maintenance. By forcing a smart inverter to act as the “brain,” you shift the operational burden away from both the end-user and the generator’s basic hardware.
Dr Rossi,
I noticed the new website http://www.drandrearossi.com
Very interesting.
Is it in preparation of the global presentation of the Ecat ?
Have the probabilities of the SSM version increased or diminished ?
JPR
Electric grid faces political roadblocks as it struggles with data center demand.
The tipping point… The war in Iran has cast a spotlight again on the dependence on fossil fuels. The electric grid is under growing demand, but the Trump administration has worked to roll back subsidies and incentives for some renewable energies. A new industry report finds that solar panel installations dropped by 14% this past year. Science Correspondent Miles O’Brien reports for our series, Tipping Point.
The fierce urgency of now. Decisions are being made today that will define the energy future of our country. The would needs to know now that there is another option available to the energy customer that is better than all the rest.
Key Takeaways from the Report
Geopolitical Pressures:
The conflict in Iran and subsequent spikes in oil and gas prices have renewed focus on volatile global dependencies on fossil fuels.
Policy Roadblocks:
The Trump administration’s rolling back of clean energy incentives directly coincides with a 14% drop in solar panel installations over the previous year.
Surging Grid Demand:
The U.S. power grid faces massive, unprecedented strain due to the high-energy needs of new artificial intelligence (AI) data centers.
The “Fierce Urgency and the Tipping Point”:
In this context, the phrase is used as an environmental rallying cry. It emphasizes that long-term energy infrastructure decisions must happen immediately rather than relying on a slow, “gradualist” approach.
Drew Glista:
That would be a good idea, but we are not ready yet; actually waiting after not 15, but 30 years of very, very hard work, but it will be worth the while,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Your presentation here with the verification from AI is very convincing.
There are some important points that I would like to add:
1. The energy that comes from ZPE delivered by Rossis Ecat is constant throughout the day and year without any forms of environmentally harmful emissions.
This gives each kWh a significantly higher value for society than other alternatives that are unstable or polluting.
2. Producing “consumable goods” close to the point of consumption has significant advantages, both practical and economic. This is well known.
3. A balanced and distributed electricity production adapted to the markets is preferable, as electricity itself always chooses the shortest cable length to the consumption.
Network losses and network loads are thereby minimized.
4. The existing local networks will thus be able to fulfill today’s tasks more easily without increases in cable dimensions.
5. The large central networks will then become less important as the local networks become more and more self-sufficient.
6. IF the ongoing SSM developments also give the networks an opportunity to regulate the connected Ecats so that demand and energy supply are automatically balanced in the network, – a perfect solution will be close.
Selling power to the grid is based on the grid that is providing your service.
The way that the NGU is designed almost forces that it is used for grid payback connection. Fielding a standalone NGU system is not intelligent.
In my case, if I can sell power to my grid, then I can install a 1 KV NGU to reduce my electric bill a lot. The grid can power my big consumer appliances like a hot water heater.
My grid allows a generous 1/1 payback policy. They pay back the same cost that they charge me for power.
Info: A typical residential electric hot water heater with two heating coils (dual elements) draws 4.5 kilowatts (kW) of power while running. A standard full-sized electric clothes dryer requires an average of 3.0 kW, though its power draw can range between 1.8 kW and 5.5 kW depending on the specific model and cycle settings.
Without grid power sales, I need to get a 6 kilowatt NGU just to meet the driving power requirements of the hot water heater and the dryer. But I cannot use other electrical appliances like an electric range in parallel.
Info: A standard home electric range (the combined stovetop and oven unit) typically operates at a total average power of 3.0 kW to 8.0 kW while in active use. If every single burner and the oven were turned on to maximum capacity at the exact same time, the absolute maximum power rating ranges from 6.0 kW to 12.0 kW.
But if I sell NGU power to the grid, then all I need to meet is my average power requirement of 1 Kilowatt at constant 24/7 grid feed rate and not the 12 kilowatt maximum power generation in a stand alone case.
Info: The rate at which power flows into your vehicle depends heavily on the setup you are connected to:
Level 1 (Standard Household Outlet): Uses a common 120-volt plug. It draws 1.2 kW to 2.0 kW of power, adding only about 3 to 5 miles of range per hour. It can take over 40 hours to fully charge an empty vehicle.
Level 2 (Fast Home & Public AC): Uses a 240-volt connection, similar to a clothes dryer outlet. It typically draws 3.3 kW to 19.2 kW (averaging 7.2 kW to 7.7 kW). This fills an average EV battery in roughly 4 to 10 hours.
Exceeding the maximum draw on the NGU will shut it down. What is required to start it back up. Using the grid allows the NGU is not ever shut down due to excess power demand.
Assuming a $4,000 Cost of a NGU 1 KW unit, the payback period is about 2 years and about 4.5 years with installation and grid certification.
To insure your NGU does not fail due to excess power demand might require 20 to 30 kilowatts of NGU stand alone power to support a possible combination of symaltainiously high power draw appliances from making power demands of an off grid NGU system.
That means that a grid based NGU system could be powered by a singe 1 kilowatt NGU compared to a stand alone NGU system that would require between 20 to 30 kilowatts of contingency power reserves.
I asked the AI to validate my assertions:
https://share.google/aimode/sSOWq75O6lYh3xSEE
If this link fails, a duplicate post is found here
A Grid billing method—known as Virtual Net Metering (VNM) or Virtual Meter Aggregation—is governed by individual state policies and utility tariffs allows a single grid based power feed location assume the power generation and billing of multiple other electric power consumers.
Expanding, Virtual net metering allows a single renewable generation source to distribute its energy credits across multiple electric accounts (such as properties, tenant units, or commercial meters). While availability varies by specific grid operator, at least 17 states and Washington, D.C. have state laws that mandate utilities to offer some form of aggregated net metering.
The availability of this feature depends on your location, and is subject to the following frameworks:
States with Mandatory VNM:
In at least 17 states (including California, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania), state utility commissions require grid providers to offer virtual net metering, provided all accounts are within the same utility’s service territory and within a specific distance (usually 1 to 2 miles) of the generator.
Deregulated Energy Markets:
In states with deregulated energy choices, generation supply credits can sometimes be allocated across multiple meters through billing agreements. This depends entirely on the specific utility’s tariff rules and the customer’s Retail Energy Provider (REP).
States Without VNM Mandates:
In states without statewide virtual metering laws (like Texas, Florida, or Alabama), the option is rarely available, though some utilities offer voluntary programs or customized commercial riders.
Your input now on June 20, points out what is obviously the best conceivable way ZPE can be applied by the modern society.
I have no doubt that AR and his partners have been aware of this for a long time.
I therefore expect that the development work that is now being done, lies precisely within the quality assurance of these functions. The same applies to patent applications.
It is of great business importance to be able to present this as a surprise to the global community.
Therefore, these possibilitys is not openly discussed now.
We just have to respect that.
Reference: “Which specific areas are now is on the tip of your spear? SSM.”
The big question is “what is important”
I beleive that SSM is not that important. Nether is an NGU system that produces heat. What will sell is a grid compatible NGU power provider that can feed power into the grid. The grid can power the NGU in ever situation using available grid power. A cut down low cost grid compatible version that is minimally complicated and costed is what the world needs now. Just keep it simple.
The availability of a grid compatible NGU will incentivize the world wide grid community to convert their costing and generation model over to 1:1 cost and power sharing. The grid based NGU will also distroy the solar power and home battery storage business model.
I can see one disincentive of this idea concerning the approach, it is the position of the partner to the 1:1 grid customer model. It seems to me that this grid business model is more advantageous to the partner (the grid partner) then to have all their customers go off grid.
This 1:1 bisiness model is good for the manufacture centric partner but may not be that good for the grid centric partner.
The perfection of SSM may be your personal ambition and preference but what matters to the world is the grid friendly NGU which you can field now.
Would CVTs (constant-voltage transformer) perform as standard voltage regulators at Grid frequency and at the same time smooth the NGU SSM AC high frequency voltage spikes?
It seems you can fit more than one different voltage regulator in series to produce improved performance overall.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_regulator#Automatic_voltage_regulator
The ferroresonant transformer, ferroresonant regulator or constant-voltage transformer is a type of saturating transformer used as a voltage regulator. These transformers use a tank circuit composed of a high-voltage resonant winding and a capacitor to produce a nearly constant average output voltage with a varying input current or varying load. The circuit has a primary on one side of a magnet shunt and the tuned circuit coil and secondary on the other side. Voltage regulation results from magnetic saturation in the portion of the core associated with the resonant winding and secondary.[2]
The ferroresonant approach is attractive due to its lack of active components, relying on the square-loop magnetic characteristics of the core operating in saturation to absorb variations in average input voltage. Saturating transformers provide a simple rugged method to stabilize an AC power supply.
This applies to a number of NGU ACs operating in parallel, as well as grid connected:
The NGU AC must accept fast shutdown and startup signals on the power cables and be able to smoothly control its power level. Startup requires synchronizing, so the NGU AC must read the frequency of the load, the voltage and phase supplied by other generators[1:]. Shutdown is best achieved by ramping down the NGU AC generation to low levels, so a step transient is avoided but fast shutdown may be needed in the case of faults.
Big generators can use a manual scynchronizing panel/trolley[1:] with a dial that presents all three properties. Synchronizing takes place when the meter shows the NGU frequency is slightly higher than the loads and the phase is slightly in advance. This prevents reverse power flows.
The NGU AC must be able to smoothly adjust its power output to maintain its output frequency to a frequency range around 50Hz or 60Hz. This requires control loops. All other synchronized grid generators will be doing the same and tripping will occur if the load moves out of bounds. This is known as cascade failure and it can lead to a system blackout. With numerous generators on a grid, each generator should have a droop characteristic, perhaps with the exception of base load, including nuclear units. Droop allows part load generators to run in a stable fashion. AVRs regulate the voltage. An AVR is a control loop that maintains a constant voltage[4:]
[1:] A synchronizing panel is an electrical control system that matches the voltage, frequency, and phase sequence of multiple power sources (such as generators on a utility grid) before safely connecting them together. It links them in parallel to work as a single, combined power source.
[2:] https://synchroelectricals.com/what-is-a-synchronizing-panel-working-features-benefits/
Why Synchronizing Panels Are Essential in Modern Power Systems
Think about the chaos if multiple generators tried to power a facility without coordinating—it’s a recipe for disaster. Frequency mismatches, voltage fluctuations, or phase differences could damage machinery, halt production, or cause massive energy loss. Synchronizing panels prevent that by matching generator parameters like voltage, frequency, and phase before connecting them to a common busbar.
A synchronizing panel sits between the generators and the main power distribution board. When a load demand exceeds the capacity of one generator or in case of utility failure, the panel kicks in, starts additional generators, synchronizes them, and transfers the load smoothly.
Working Principle of Synchronizing Panels
Understanding how synchronizing panels work helps grasp their value. The panel doesn’t just randomly switch generators on or off—it operates on real-time data, ensuring complete harmony between power sources.
Step-by-Step Operation Explained
Monitoring: It constantly monitors voltage, frequency, and phase angle from all power sources.
Initiation: When an additional generator is needed, it is started either manually or automatically.
Matching Parameters: The panel adjusts the speed (RPM) of the incoming generator to match frequency and aligns voltage and phase angle.
Synchronization: Once all parameters are matched, it closes the circuit breaker to connect the generator to the system.
Load Sharing: The panel ensures loads are distributed according to capacity or priority settings.
Shutdown: When extra power is no longer required, it seamlessly removes the generator from the network without disruption.
Key Components Involved in Synchronization
Synchronizing Relays
Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVR)
Frequency Meters
Phase Sequence Indicators
Load Sharing Modules
Governor Controllers
Each component plays a pivotal role in ensuring that synchronization happens without a hitch.
[3:] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droop_speed_control
Droop speed control is a control mode used for AC electrical power generators, whereby the power output of a generator reduces as the line frequency increases.
[4:] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_regulator
An AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) is an electronic device that automatically maintains a steady, constant voltage output to equipment by correcting fluctuations in the input power supply. It acts as a protective “brain” for sensitive electronics and power systems, preventing damage from sudden spikes or dangerous drops.
Regarding: “do the recent developments with the SSM also bring closer the possibility of using E-Cats in electric vehicles, or are there still aspects that need further investigation?”
The partner should approach application development by the partner publishing an interface document that completely describes the interface of the NGU with any future application. The specification provides the application all the information that it requires to apply NGU power to its mission. The application is responsible to design, build. and trouble shoot one or more NGU compatible boards that receive power from the NGU bus and format that power into a form that meets the requirements of the application.
The Application board(s) must conform to the card size, pin outs, and bus protocols defined in the interface document. The application board are pug compatible with the NGU backplane
The NGU must nerve be modified to meet any application. Its function is to produce power only.
Core Engineering Realities and Boundaries
According to Leonardo Corporation’s framework, utilizing E-Cat NGU power in a complex machinery environment like an EV requires adherence to three rigid engineering protocols:
Absolute Isolation of the NGU:
The E-Cat NGU must never be modified to meet the specific requirements of any vehicle or system. Its sole, unalterable function is to generate power onto a primary bus.
Partner Interface Accountability:
The development partner must publish a comprehensive interface document. This document completely outlines how the NGU interacts with any downstream electronic applications, detailing all technical parameters required to apply NGU power to the mission.
Application Board Responsibility: The application team is entirely responsible for designing, building, and troubleshooting NGU-compatible boards. These external boards must pull power from the NGU bus and condition, step up, or format that electricity to meet the exact voltage, current, and safety requirements of the EV powertrain.
Integration Standards for the Application Board
To successfully draw power from the E-Cat NGU backplane, the application-specific boards must strictly mirror the physical and electronic architecture established by Leonardo Corporation. The integration framework relies on absolute standardized alignment across three core areas:
Plug Compatibility:
The application boards must be completely plug-compatible with the NGU backplane. This ensures a seamless, toolless mechanical fit into the primary power housing without requiring custom wiring harnesses or structural modifications to the generator itself.
Mechanical Dimensions:
The board must exactly conform to the card size specified in the interface document. Maintaining these precise physical boundaries is critical for proper slot alignment, cooling airflow, and vibration mitigation within a moving electric vehicle.
Electrical Connectivity:
The circuitry must perfectly match the designated pin outs defined by the manufacturer. Misaligned pins risk causing catastrophic short circuits or localized thermal failures on the power bus.
Communication Rules:
All logic and data tracking must strictly follow the bus protocols detailed in the interface documentation. This allows the application board to safely monitor power delivery, voltage stability, and system health flags directly from the NGU platform.
By isolating all customization to a plug-and-play board that conforms to these strict mechanical and electrical boundaries, developers can safely adapt the unmodifiable NGU power source to the unique propulsion requirements of an EV.
There will be thousands of power applications developed for the NGU, All the particular application exceptions must be isolated with the application boards.
As a prototypical example, a microprocessor can be applied to a wide range of application that conform to its interface definitions.
The Microprocessor Analogy for NGU Integration
The relationship between the E-Cat NGU and the partner’s application board mirrors the classic engineering model of a microprocessor and its host system.
Just as an Intel or ARM microprocessor is a fixed hardware component that cannot be physically altered for individual buyers, the NGU is an unchangeable power generator. The system scales and adapts across diverse environments using identical structural principles:
Fixed Silicon vs. Fixed Generator:
A microprocessor has unalterable internal circuitry designed solely to compute data. Similarly, the NGU has an unyielding internal core designed solely to generate power. Neither can be redesigned to fit a specific customer’s end product.
The Role of Interface Definitions:
A chip manufacturer publishes rigid datasheets detailing voltage tolerances, clock timings, and physical pin arrangements. As long as a developer adheres to these rules, the same microprocessor can drive a medical device, a laptop, or an industrial robot. The NGU interface document serves this exact function for power distribution.
Decoupled Development Responsibility:
The chipmaker does not design the final computer motherboard; that is the hardware engineer’s job. In the E-Cat ecosystem, Leonardo Corporation provides the standardized backplane, while the vehicle developer owns the responsibility to build the custom, plug-compatible board that steps the raw bus power down to the car’s drivetrain specs.
By treating the NGU as an “energy microprocessor,” developers can mass-produce a single, standardized power block while allowing the automotive industry to independently customize the outer power-delivery electronics.
Giuseppe Censorio:
EVs so far are not on the tip of our spear, and they will not be until we will have a serious interest from an EV manufacturer, which possibly will come after the global presentation,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
do the recent developments with the SSM also bring closer the possibility of using E-Cats in electric vehicles, or are there still aspects that need further investigation?
Regards, Giuseppe
When preparing for the Latina EV demo, Dr. Rossi produced an explosion of a lithium ion battery that almost ended him. The reaction also produced a bad situation internal to the E-cat.
I have an opinion of how and why this happened. If memory serves, Rossi was attempting to overcharge the lithium ion battery simulating EV charging. Why this was dangerous.
A battery generates its strongest “reactive feedback”—observed externally as a sharp, rapid spike in terminal voltage—when it is almost fully charged because the active chemical materials are depleted, creating intense internal resistance to accepting further electrical energy.
To safely manage this powerful electrochemical feedback, modern charging systems rely on a two-part protocol.
1. Depletion of Available Ion Sites
During the charging process, an external current actively forces ions to migrate through the electrolyte and embed themselves inside the host material of the storage electrode (e.g., lithium ions moving into the graphite anode). When the battery is nearly full (above 80–90% State of Charge), the vast majority of these insertion sites are already occupied.
The incoming ions face extreme “crowding.”
This sharply slows down the chemical diffusion coefficient within the host electrode.
2. Spiking Concentration Polarization
Because ions cannot diffuse into the host structure fast enough to keep up with the incoming electrical current, they begin to back up rapidly at the boundary interface where the electrolyte meets the electrode. This uneven accumulation of electrical charge creates a dense localized barrier known as concentration polarization.
3. The Exponential Voltage Rise
According to the Nernst equation, the open-circuit voltage of a cell depends directly on the concentration ratio of oxidized to reduced chemical species at its electrodes. As the ions back up at the boundary layer, this localized concentration differential spikes drastically.
Mathematically, the total terminal voltage of a cell under a charging current increases exponentially past 90% State of Charge (SoC) due to a sharp rise in internal resistance
This rapid, non-linear voltage jump acts as the definitive electrochemical “pushback” against the charger.
How Chargers Respond to the Feedback
To prevent this extreme feedback from causing overheating, electrolyte decomposition, or explosive gas emissions, chargers switch from Constant Current (CC) to Constant Voltage (CV) mode.
The E-Cat most likely did not react appropriately to the overcharging situation and proceeded to generate an explosive chemical condition. The E-Cat at that period in its development did not behave well to reactive feedback by switching from from Constant Current to Constant Voltage mode. This logic change may have been difficult to implement in that past pre Latina design.
Alex, you’re absolutely right. I’ve been trying to convince Rossi for a while that the best solution is a 100W ECAT SSM DC module. By paralleling the necessary number of them, you get the desired power, then, a SINGLE DC-DC or DC-AC converter brings the voltage to the required value. If a single 100W module is damaged, the system doesn’t crash, it just reduces the power. Come on, Andrea, focus on the 100W module.
In analyzing the current NGU situation and the associated solar power ecosystem, it is unlikely that there will be any market for a standalone NGU function since the grid can resolve all home appliance issues at a greatly reduced cost to the electrical power customer.
In the standalone off-grid mode, the NGU system must be sized to support the maximum power demand generated by all the combined appliances in the home or face demand caused shutdown.
In the grid feed mode, the greatly reduced capacity of the NGU can support the average power use of the home.
I fear that Dr. Rossi has made a major strategic marketing mistake that has cost years of lost development time in the delivery of the NGU to the marketplace. All those lost years dealt with making the NGU capable at feeding any home application or combinations of home applications when this ability has little or no market.
Jean Pierre:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea, I have a suggestion for your consideration.
In order to capture the immediate and serious interest of a wide- range of top-tier industrialists at the time of the worldwide general E-Cat presentation, perhaps there could also be streamed, at the same time, a complementary second one devoted specifically to industrial people ONLY. Not for the general public.
This would show to and convince them that a dedicated, advisory and planning team of experts will be immediately available for their company when they decide to take the decision to buy into a suitable E-Cat system that should benefit them a great deal.
It occurs to me that there will be many decision-making people at the top of their businesses who will not be sufficiently educated in advanced scientific principles. They would be attracted by the above- mentioned facility which will ease their minds and encourage them to get quickly involved in a totally novel process that will surely benefit the company enormously. They could be advised on set-up procedures to do exactly what they want.This should involve face-to-face meetings ,not just email communication.
Naturally, they will be concerned about the reliability of the new system at the outset, but the dedicated, problem-solving expertise of the easy-to-contact, help- center/centre should eliminate those fears. They could also be given a good estimation of how much extra profit for the company would likely be attained compared to their current situation.
This would require a somewhat large team of well-trained individuals—-perhaps several such teams. This would also involve your partner training up suitable candidates quite quickly if January, 2027, is to be the time for the general presentation.
I am undecided whether or not a single center/centre should exist, or whether one in each continent would be more appropriate. Does this seem a sensible suggestion? Perhaps too much to accomplish in the time available.
Warmest regards. Jean Pierre.
Dr Rossi,
The SSM would be the most important invention of the last centuries. I wait with curiosity the next report…
Best,
Anna
Calle H:
On July 4th we will make a report about this,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
In your answer to Jean Paul Renoir on June 26, 2026 at 5:08 PM you say: I can answer INCREASED, because today we reached an important goal. Could you elaborate what this is?
Kind regards,
Calle H
Axil:
Thank you for your opinions and suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Jean Paul Renoir:
1- also
2- today in particular I can answer INCREASED, because today we reached an important goal,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The NGU is dumb. It has no microprocessor that can handle errors or exceptions. This is why the NGU needs a experienced 24/7 operator to respond to a changing environment that all retail users will encounter. Customer service will be a nightmare. This is the reason that the NGU must be placed in a fielding situation where all it does is produce 12 volt DC power like a battery were its only decision point is to be on or off. This is why the 1:1 grid fielding deployment is ideal. The grid capable inverter that teams with the NGU and provides the smarts to responds to grid exceptions. All the NGU needs to do is generate electric power as directed by the the inverter. Putting the NGU in its current state out into the wild without direction and supervision is making for BIG trouble.
Advantages of the 1:1 Inverter-Controlled Deployment
Risk Mitigation:
Stripping the generation unit of decision-making eliminates firmware glitches, error-looping, and unhandled environmental exceptions.
Leveraging Existing Tech:
Grid-capable inverters are already engineered, tested, and certified to handle micro-fluctuations, safety disconnects, and load balancing.
Simplified Scaling:
The generation unit can be mass-produced at a lower cost because it only needs to focus on stable DC output, akin to a “dumb” battery bank.
Operational Safety:
If the grid or load behaves unexpectedly, the inverter acts as the firewall, shutting down or throttling the system before any physical damage occurs to the generator.
The Retail Reality
Deploying unmanaged units directly to retail consumers would inevitably lead to a support nightmare. Retail environments are unpredictable, featuring variable loads, improper venting, and inconsistent maintenance. By forcing a smart inverter to act as the “brain,” you shift the operational burden away from both the end-user and the generator’s basic hardware.
Dr Rossi,
I noticed the new website
http://www.drandrearossi.com
Very interesting.
Is it in preparation of the global presentation of the Ecat ?
Have the probabilities of the SSM version increased or diminished ?
JPR
Svein:
Same as the dimensions: between equal and less,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
I refer to your information to Ambrogio regarding the volume of the Ecat SSM in relation to the existing Ecats.
This was good news!
I would venture to assume that regarding the weight ratios, these will also be approximately the same as the existing ones?
Regards Svein
Ambrogio:
Between equal and smaller,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Ecat Enthusiast:
So far we are hopeful,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi:
How goes the work towards SSM?
Regards, Ecat Enthusiast
Dr Rossi,
At parity of power, the Ecat SSM will have a volume bigger, smaller, or equal vs the existing generators ?
Best,
Ambrogio
Axil:
Thank you for the insight and the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tLpbQTekUA4&t=55s
Electric grid faces political roadblocks as it struggles with data center demand.
The tipping point… The war in Iran has cast a spotlight again on the dependence on fossil fuels. The electric grid is under growing demand, but the Trump administration has worked to roll back subsidies and incentives for some renewable energies. A new industry report finds that solar panel installations dropped by 14% this past year. Science Correspondent Miles O’Brien reports for our series, Tipping Point.
The fierce urgency of now. Decisions are being made today that will define the energy future of our country. The would needs to know now that there is another option available to the energy customer that is better than all the rest.
Key Takeaways from the Report
Geopolitical Pressures:
The conflict in Iran and subsequent spikes in oil and gas prices have renewed focus on volatile global dependencies on fossil fuels.
Policy Roadblocks:
The Trump administration’s rolling back of clean energy incentives directly coincides with a 14% drop in solar panel installations over the previous year.
Surging Grid Demand:
The U.S. power grid faces massive, unprecedented strain due to the high-energy needs of new artificial intelligence (AI) data centers.
The “Fierce Urgency and the Tipping Point”:
In this context, the phrase is used as an environmental rallying cry. It emphasizes that long-term energy infrastructure decisions must happen immediately rather than relying on a slow, “gradualist” approach.
Peter:
Thank you for your empathy,
Warm Regards.
A.R.
I read the story of your life in
http://www.ingandrearossi.com
What a moving resiliency history case !
Ha en fin dag,
Peter G.
Drew Glista:
That would be a good idea, but we are not ready yet; actually waiting after not 15, but 30 years of very, very hard work, but it will be worth the while,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi:
How about a global announcement on July 4th, the 250th anniversary of our Declaration of Independence? A day for new energy independence.
Waiting for 15 years,
Drew
@Axil June 21, 2026 at 4:57 PM
Your presentation here with the verification from AI is very convincing.
There are some important points that I would like to add:
1. The energy that comes from ZPE delivered by Rossis Ecat is constant throughout the day and year without any forms of environmentally harmful emissions.
This gives each kWh a significantly higher value for society than other alternatives that are unstable or polluting.
2. Producing “consumable goods” close to the point of consumption has significant advantages, both practical and economic. This is well known.
3. A balanced and distributed electricity production adapted to the markets is preferable, as electricity itself always chooses the shortest cable length to the consumption.
Network losses and network loads are thereby minimized.
4. The existing local networks will thus be able to fulfill today’s tasks more easily without increases in cable dimensions.
5. The large central networks will then become less important as the local networks become more and more self-sufficient.
6. IF the ongoing SSM developments also give the networks an opportunity to regulate the connected Ecats so that demand and energy supply are automatically balanced in the network, – a perfect solution will be close.
7. A gradual development is easily manageable.
Regards Svein
Jean Paul Renoir:
So far, yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Is it a final decision to choose the power of 100 W for the basic module of all the assemblies ?
Best,
JPR
Axil:
Thank you for your insights, suggestions, and links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Selling power to the grid is based on the grid that is providing your service.
The way that the NGU is designed almost forces that it is used for grid payback connection. Fielding a standalone NGU system is not intelligent.
In my case, if I can sell power to my grid, then I can install a 1 KV NGU to reduce my electric bill a lot. The grid can power my big consumer appliances like a hot water heater.
My grid allows a generous 1/1 payback policy. They pay back the same cost that they charge me for power.
Info: A typical residential electric hot water heater with two heating coils (dual elements) draws 4.5 kilowatts (kW) of power while running. A standard full-sized electric clothes dryer requires an average of 3.0 kW, though its power draw can range between 1.8 kW and 5.5 kW depending on the specific model and cycle settings.
Without grid power sales, I need to get a 6 kilowatt NGU just to meet the driving power requirements of the hot water heater and the dryer. But I cannot use other electrical appliances like an electric range in parallel.
Info: A standard home electric range (the combined stovetop and oven unit) typically operates at a total average power of 3.0 kW to 8.0 kW while in active use. If every single burner and the oven were turned on to maximum capacity at the exact same time, the absolute maximum power rating ranges from 6.0 kW to 12.0 kW.
But if I sell NGU power to the grid, then all I need to meet is my average power requirement of 1 Kilowatt at constant 24/7 grid feed rate and not the 12 kilowatt maximum power generation in a stand alone case.
Info: The rate at which power flows into your vehicle depends heavily on the setup you are connected to:
Level 1 (Standard Household Outlet): Uses a common 120-volt plug. It draws 1.2 kW to 2.0 kW of power, adding only about 3 to 5 miles of range per hour. It can take over 40 hours to fully charge an empty vehicle.
Level 2 (Fast Home & Public AC): Uses a 240-volt connection, similar to a clothes dryer outlet. It typically draws 3.3 kW to 19.2 kW (averaging 7.2 kW to 7.7 kW). This fills an average EV battery in roughly 4 to 10 hours.
Exceeding the maximum draw on the NGU will shut it down. What is required to start it back up. Using the grid allows the NGU is not ever shut down due to excess power demand.
Assuming a $4,000 Cost of a NGU 1 KW unit, the payback period is about 2 years and about 4.5 years with installation and grid certification.
To insure your NGU does not fail due to excess power demand might require 20 to 30 kilowatts of NGU stand alone power to support a possible combination of symaltainiously high power draw appliances from making power demands of an off grid NGU system.
That means that a grid based NGU system could be powered by a singe 1 kilowatt NGU compared to a stand alone NGU system that would require between 20 to 30 kilowatts of contingency power reserves.
I asked the AI to validate my assertions:
https://share.google/aimode/sSOWq75O6lYh3xSEE
If this link fails, a duplicate post is found here
https://e-catworld.com/2026/06/14/rossi-working-on-e-cat-producing-ac-electricity-for-ssm/#comment-6890770527
A Grid billing method—known as Virtual Net Metering (VNM) or Virtual Meter Aggregation—is governed by individual state policies and utility tariffs allows a single grid based power feed location assume the power generation and billing of multiple other electric power consumers.
Expanding, Virtual net metering allows a single renewable generation source to distribute its energy credits across multiple electric accounts (such as properties, tenant units, or commercial meters). While availability varies by specific grid operator, at least 17 states and Washington, D.C. have state laws that mandate utilities to offer some form of aggregated net metering.
The availability of this feature depends on your location, and is subject to the following frameworks:
States with Mandatory VNM:
In at least 17 states (including California, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania), state utility commissions require grid providers to offer virtual net metering, provided all accounts are within the same utility’s service territory and within a specific distance (usually 1 to 2 miles) of the generator.
Deregulated Energy Markets:
In states with deregulated energy choices, generation supply credits can sometimes be allocated across multiple meters through billing agreements. This depends entirely on the specific utility’s tariff rules and the customer’s Retail Energy Provider (REP).
States Without VNM Mandates:
In states without statewide virtual metering laws (like Texas, Florida, or Alabama), the option is rarely available, though some utilities offer voluntary programs or customized commercial riders.
Sam:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
ZPE and MEQ
https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=WQHVh-DdHjM&si=ZWUpHZoCz-uE0E1F
To Axil
Your input now on June 20, points out what is obviously the best conceivable way ZPE can be applied by the modern society.
I have no doubt that AR and his partners have been aware of this for a long time.
I therefore expect that the development work that is now being done, lies precisely within the quality assurance of these functions. The same applies to patent applications.
It is of great business importance to be able to present this as a surprise to the global community.
Therefore, these possibilitys is not openly discussed now.
We just have to respect that.
Regards Svein
Axil:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Axil:
Thank you for your opinion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
What is the opinion of the AI about what is important:
https://share.google/aimode/aw5VEiD7vmrJT56Ak
Reference: “Which specific areas are now is on the tip of your spear? SSM.”
The big question is “what is important”
I beleive that SSM is not that important. Nether is an NGU system that produces heat. What will sell is a grid compatible NGU power provider that can feed power into the grid. The grid can power the NGU in ever situation using available grid power. A cut down low cost grid compatible version that is minimally complicated and costed is what the world needs now. Just keep it simple.
The availability of a grid compatible NGU will incentivize the world wide grid community to convert their costing and generation model over to 1:1 cost and power sharing. The grid based NGU will also distroy the solar power and home battery storage business model.
I can see one disincentive of this idea concerning the approach, it is the position of the partner to the 1:1 grid customer model. It seems to me that this grid business model is more advantageous to the partner (the grid partner) then to have all their customers go off grid.
This 1:1 bisiness model is good for the manufacture centric partner but may not be that good for the grid centric partner.
The perfection of SSM may be your personal ambition and preference but what matters to the world is the grid friendly NGU which you can field now.
Sam:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello DR Rossi
An interesting video about ZPE.
https://youtu.be/c6lzd9ZgvNU?si=nzyneaQwUsBRr-Ei
Regards
Sam
Svein:
SSM
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Paul Dodgshun:
Thank yo for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea
You say, June 19, 2026 at 5:30 AM, to Giuseppe Censorio:
EVs so far are not on the tip of our spear.
Which specific areas are now is on the tip of your spear?
Regards Svein
Would CVTs (constant-voltage transformer) perform as standard voltage regulators at Grid frequency and at the same time smooth the NGU SSM AC high frequency voltage spikes?
It seems you can fit more than one different voltage regulator in series to produce improved performance overall.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_regulator#Automatic_voltage_regulator
The ferroresonant transformer, ferroresonant regulator or constant-voltage transformer is a type of saturating transformer used as a voltage regulator. These transformers use a tank circuit composed of a high-voltage resonant winding and a capacitor to produce a nearly constant average output voltage with a varying input current or varying load. The circuit has a primary on one side of a magnet shunt and the tuned circuit coil and secondary on the other side. Voltage regulation results from magnetic saturation in the portion of the core associated with the resonant winding and secondary.[2]
The ferroresonant approach is attractive due to its lack of active components, relying on the square-loop magnetic characteristics of the core operating in saturation to absorb variations in average input voltage. Saturating transformers provide a simple rugged method to stabilize an AC power supply.
This applies to a number of NGU ACs operating in parallel, as well as grid connected:
The NGU AC must accept fast shutdown and startup signals on the power cables and be able to smoothly control its power level. Startup requires synchronizing, so the NGU AC must read the frequency of the load, the voltage and phase supplied by other generators[1:]. Shutdown is best achieved by ramping down the NGU AC generation to low levels, so a step transient is avoided but fast shutdown may be needed in the case of faults.
Big generators can use a manual scynchronizing panel/trolley[1:] with a dial that presents all three properties. Synchronizing takes place when the meter shows the NGU frequency is slightly higher than the loads and the phase is slightly in advance. This prevents reverse power flows.
The NGU AC must be able to smoothly adjust its power output to maintain its output frequency to a frequency range around 50Hz or 60Hz. This requires control loops. All other synchronized grid generators will be doing the same and tripping will occur if the load moves out of bounds. This is known as cascade failure and it can lead to a system blackout. With numerous generators on a grid, each generator should have a droop characteristic, perhaps with the exception of base load, including nuclear units. Droop allows part load generators to run in a stable fashion. AVRs regulate the voltage. An AVR is a control loop that maintains a constant voltage[4:]
[1:] A synchronizing panel is an electrical control system that matches the voltage, frequency, and phase sequence of multiple power sources (such as generators on a utility grid) before safely connecting them together. It links them in parallel to work as a single, combined power source.
[2:] https://synchroelectricals.com/what-is-a-synchronizing-panel-working-features-benefits/
Why Synchronizing Panels Are Essential in Modern Power Systems
Think about the chaos if multiple generators tried to power a facility without coordinating—it’s a recipe for disaster. Frequency mismatches, voltage fluctuations, or phase differences could damage machinery, halt production, or cause massive energy loss. Synchronizing panels prevent that by matching generator parameters like voltage, frequency, and phase before connecting them to a common busbar.
A synchronizing panel sits between the generators and the main power distribution board. When a load demand exceeds the capacity of one generator or in case of utility failure, the panel kicks in, starts additional generators, synchronizes them, and transfers the load smoothly.
Working Principle of Synchronizing Panels
Understanding how synchronizing panels work helps grasp their value. The panel doesn’t just randomly switch generators on or off—it operates on real-time data, ensuring complete harmony between power sources.
Step-by-Step Operation Explained
Monitoring: It constantly monitors voltage, frequency, and phase angle from all power sources.
Initiation: When an additional generator is needed, it is started either manually or automatically.
Matching Parameters: The panel adjusts the speed (RPM) of the incoming generator to match frequency and aligns voltage and phase angle.
Synchronization: Once all parameters are matched, it closes the circuit breaker to connect the generator to the system.
Load Sharing: The panel ensures loads are distributed according to capacity or priority settings.
Shutdown: When extra power is no longer required, it seamlessly removes the generator from the network without disruption.
Key Components Involved in Synchronization
Synchronizing Relays
Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVR)
Frequency Meters
Phase Sequence Indicators
Load Sharing Modules
Governor Controllers
Each component plays a pivotal role in ensuring that synchronization happens without a hitch.
[3:] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droop_speed_control
Droop speed control is a control mode used for AC electrical power generators, whereby the power output of a generator reduces as the line frequency increases.
[4:] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_regulator
An AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) is an electronic device that automatically maintains a steady, constant voltage output to equipment by correcting fluctuations in the input power supply. It acts as a protective “brain” for sensitive electronics and power systems, preventing damage from sudden spikes or dangerous drops.
Axil:
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Regarding: “do the recent developments with the SSM also bring closer the possibility of using E-Cats in electric vehicles, or are there still aspects that need further investigation?”
The partner should approach application development by the partner publishing an interface document that completely describes the interface of the NGU with any future application. The specification provides the application all the information that it requires to apply NGU power to its mission. The application is responsible to design, build. and trouble shoot one or more NGU compatible boards that receive power from the NGU bus and format that power into a form that meets the requirements of the application.
The Application board(s) must conform to the card size, pin outs, and bus protocols defined in the interface document. The application board are pug compatible with the NGU backplane
The NGU must nerve be modified to meet any application. Its function is to produce power only.
Core Engineering Realities and Boundaries
According to Leonardo Corporation’s framework, utilizing E-Cat NGU power in a complex machinery environment like an EV requires adherence to three rigid engineering protocols:
Absolute Isolation of the NGU:
The E-Cat NGU must never be modified to meet the specific requirements of any vehicle or system. Its sole, unalterable function is to generate power onto a primary bus.
Partner Interface Accountability:
The development partner must publish a comprehensive interface document. This document completely outlines how the NGU interacts with any downstream electronic applications, detailing all technical parameters required to apply NGU power to the mission.
Application Board Responsibility: The application team is entirely responsible for designing, building, and troubleshooting NGU-compatible boards. These external boards must pull power from the NGU bus and condition, step up, or format that electricity to meet the exact voltage, current, and safety requirements of the EV powertrain.
Integration Standards for the Application Board
To successfully draw power from the E-Cat NGU backplane, the application-specific boards must strictly mirror the physical and electronic architecture established by Leonardo Corporation. The integration framework relies on absolute standardized alignment across three core areas:
Plug Compatibility:
The application boards must be completely plug-compatible with the NGU backplane. This ensures a seamless, toolless mechanical fit into the primary power housing without requiring custom wiring harnesses or structural modifications to the generator itself.
Mechanical Dimensions:
The board must exactly conform to the card size specified in the interface document. Maintaining these precise physical boundaries is critical for proper slot alignment, cooling airflow, and vibration mitigation within a moving electric vehicle.
Electrical Connectivity:
The circuitry must perfectly match the designated pin outs defined by the manufacturer. Misaligned pins risk causing catastrophic short circuits or localized thermal failures on the power bus.
Communication Rules:
All logic and data tracking must strictly follow the bus protocols detailed in the interface documentation. This allows the application board to safely monitor power delivery, voltage stability, and system health flags directly from the NGU platform.
By isolating all customization to a plug-and-play board that conforms to these strict mechanical and electrical boundaries, developers can safely adapt the unmodifiable NGU power source to the unique propulsion requirements of an EV.
There will be thousands of power applications developed for the NGU, All the particular application exceptions must be isolated with the application boards.
As a prototypical example, a microprocessor can be applied to a wide range of application that conform to its interface definitions.
The Microprocessor Analogy for NGU Integration
The relationship between the E-Cat NGU and the partner’s application board mirrors the classic engineering model of a microprocessor and its host system.
Just as an Intel or ARM microprocessor is a fixed hardware component that cannot be physically altered for individual buyers, the NGU is an unchangeable power generator. The system scales and adapts across diverse environments using identical structural principles:
Fixed Silicon vs. Fixed Generator:
A microprocessor has unalterable internal circuitry designed solely to compute data. Similarly, the NGU has an unyielding internal core designed solely to generate power. Neither can be redesigned to fit a specific customer’s end product.
The Role of Interface Definitions:
A chip manufacturer publishes rigid datasheets detailing voltage tolerances, clock timings, and physical pin arrangements. As long as a developer adheres to these rules, the same microprocessor can drive a medical device, a laptop, or an industrial robot. The NGU interface document serves this exact function for power distribution.
Decoupled Development Responsibility:
The chipmaker does not design the final computer motherboard; that is the hardware engineer’s job. In the E-Cat ecosystem, Leonardo Corporation provides the standardized backplane, while the vehicle developer owns the responsibility to build the custom, plug-compatible board that steps the raw bus power down to the car’s drivetrain specs.
By treating the NGU as an “energy microprocessor,” developers can mass-produce a single, standardized power block while allowing the automotive industry to independently customize the outer power-delivery electronics.
Giuseppe Censorio:
EVs so far are not on the tip of our spear, and they will not be until we will have a serious interest from an EV manufacturer, which possibly will come after the global presentation,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
do the recent developments with the SSM also bring closer the possibility of using E-Cats in electric vehicles, or are there still aspects that need further investigation?
Regards, Giuseppe
When preparing for the Latina EV demo, Dr. Rossi produced an explosion of a lithium ion battery that almost ended him. The reaction also produced a bad situation internal to the E-cat.
I have an opinion of how and why this happened. If memory serves, Rossi was attempting to overcharge the lithium ion battery simulating EV charging. Why this was dangerous.
A battery generates its strongest “reactive feedback”—observed externally as a sharp, rapid spike in terminal voltage—when it is almost fully charged because the active chemical materials are depleted, creating intense internal resistance to accepting further electrical energy.
To safely manage this powerful electrochemical feedback, modern charging systems rely on a two-part protocol.
1. Depletion of Available Ion Sites
During the charging process, an external current actively forces ions to migrate through the electrolyte and embed themselves inside the host material of the storage electrode (e.g., lithium ions moving into the graphite anode). When the battery is nearly full (above 80–90% State of Charge), the vast majority of these insertion sites are already occupied.
The incoming ions face extreme “crowding.”
This sharply slows down the chemical diffusion coefficient within the host electrode.
2. Spiking Concentration Polarization
Because ions cannot diffuse into the host structure fast enough to keep up with the incoming electrical current, they begin to back up rapidly at the boundary interface where the electrolyte meets the electrode. This uneven accumulation of electrical charge creates a dense localized barrier known as concentration polarization.
3. The Exponential Voltage Rise
According to the Nernst equation, the open-circuit voltage of a cell depends directly on the concentration ratio of oxidized to reduced chemical species at its electrodes. As the ions back up at the boundary layer, this localized concentration differential spikes drastically.
Mathematically, the total terminal voltage of a cell under a charging current increases exponentially past 90% State of Charge (SoC) due to a sharp rise in internal resistance
This rapid, non-linear voltage jump acts as the definitive electrochemical “pushback” against the charger.
How Chargers Respond to the Feedback
To prevent this extreme feedback from causing overheating, electrolyte decomposition, or explosive gas emissions, chargers switch from Constant Current (CC) to Constant Voltage (CV) mode.
The E-Cat most likely did not react appropriately to the overcharging situation and proceeded to generate an explosive chemical condition. The E-Cat at that period in its development did not behave well to reactive feedback by switching from from Constant Current to Constant Voltage mode. This logic change may have been difficult to implement in that past pre Latina design.
Alex, you’re absolutely right. I’ve been trying to convince Rossi for a while that the best solution is a 100W ECAT SSM DC module. By paralleling the necessary number of them, you get the desired power, then, a SINGLE DC-DC or DC-AC converter brings the voltage to the required value. If a single 100W module is damaged, the system doesn’t crash, it just reduces the power. Come on, Andrea, focus on the 100W module.
Axil:
Thank you for the information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Axil:
Thank you for your opinions and suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
In analyzing the current NGU situation and the associated solar power ecosystem, it is unlikely that there will be any market for a standalone NGU function since the grid can resolve all home appliance issues at a greatly reduced cost to the electrical power customer.
In the standalone off-grid mode, the NGU system must be sized to support the maximum power demand generated by all the combined appliances in the home or face demand caused shutdown.
In the grid feed mode, the greatly reduced capacity of the NGU can support the average power use of the home.
I fear that Dr. Rossi has made a major strategic marketing mistake that has cost years of lost development time in the delivery of the NGU to the marketplace. All those lost years dealt with making the NGU capable at feeding any home application or combinations of home applications when this ability has little or no market.