by E.N. Tsyganov
(UA9 collaboration) University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center at Dallas, Texas, USA
Abstract
Recent accelerator experiments on fusion of various elements have clearly demonstrated that the effective cross-sections of these reactions depend on what material the target particle is placed in. In these experiments, there was a significant increase in the probability of interaction when target nuclei are imbedded in a conducting crystal or are a part of it. These experiments open a new perspective on the problem of so-called cold nuclear fusion.
Introduction
Experiments of Fleischmann and Pons made about 20 years ago [1], raised the question about the possibility of nuclear DD fusion at room temperature. Conflicting results of numerous experiments that followed, dampened the initial euphoria, and the scientific community quickly came to common belief, that the results of [1] are erroneous. One of the convincing arguments of skeptics was the lack in these experiments of evidence of nuclear decay products. It was assumed that “if there are no neutrons, therefore is no fusion.” However, quite a large international group of physicists, currently a total of about 100-150 people, continues to work in this direction. To date, these enthusiasts have accumulated considerable experience in the field. The leading group of physicists working in this direction, in our opinion, is the group led by Dr. M. McKubre [2]. Interesting results were also obtained in the group of Dr. Y. Arata [3]. Despite some setbacks with the repeatability of results, these researchers still believe in the existence of the effect of cold fusion, even though they do not fully understand its nature. Some time ago we proposed a possible mechanism to explain the results of cold fusion of deuterium [4]. This work considered a possible mechanism of acceleration of deuterium contaminant atoms in the crystals through the interaction of atoms with long-wavelength lattice vibrations in deformed parts of the crystal. Estimates have shown that even if a very small portion of the impurity atoms (~105) get involved in this process and acquires a few keV energy, this will be sufficient to describe the energy released in experiments [2]. This work also hypothesized that the lifetime of the intermediate nucleus increases with decreasing energy of its excitation, so that so-called “radiation-less cooling” of the excited nucleus becomes possible. In [5], we set out a more detailed examination of the process. Quite recently, a sharp increase of the probability of fusion of various elements was found in accelerator experiments for the cases when the target particles are either imbedded in a metal crystal or are a part of the conducting crystal. These experiments compel us to look afresh on the problem of cold fusion.
Recent experiments on fusion of elements on accelerators
For atom-atom collisions the expression of the probability of penetration through a Coulomb barrier for bare nuclei should be modified, because atomic electrons screen the repulsion effect of nuclear charge. Such a modification for the isolated atom collisions has been performed in H.J. Assenbaum and others [6] using static Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The experimental results that shed further light on this problem were obtained in relatively recent works C. Rolfs [7] and K. Czerski [8]. Review of earlier studies on this subject is contained in the work of L. Bogdanova [9]. In these studies a somewhat unusual phenomenon was observed: the sub-barrier fusion cross sections of elements depend strongly on the physical state of the matter in which these processes are taking place. Figure 1 (left) shows the experimental data [8], demonstrating the dependence of the astrophysical factor S(E) for the fusion of elements of sub-threshold nuclear reaction on the aggregate state of the matter that contains the target nucleus 7Li. The same figure (right) presents similar data [7] for the DD reaction, when the target nucleus was embedded in a zirconium crystal. It must be noted that the physical nature of the phenomenon of increasing cross synthesis of elements in the case where this process occurs in the conductor crystal lattice is still not completely clear.
Figure 1. Up – experimental data [8], showing the energy dependence of the S-factor for sub-threshold nuclear reaction on the aggregate state of matter that contains the nucleus 7Li. Down – the similar data [7] for the reaction of DD, when the target nucleus is placed in a crystal of zirconium. The data are well described by the introduction of the screening potential of about 300 eV.
The phenomenon is apparently due to the strong anisotropy of the electrical fields of the crystal lattice in the presence of free conduction electrons. Data for zirconium crystals for the DD reactions can be well described by the introduction of the screening potential of about 300 eV. It is natural to assume that the corresponding distance between of two atoms of deuterium in these circumstances is less than the molecular size of deuterium. In the case of the screening potential of 300 eV, the distance of convergence of deuterium atoms is ~510ˆ12 m, which is about an order of magnitude smaller than the size of a molecule of deuterium, where the screening potential is 27 eV. As it turned out, the reaction rate for DD fusion in these conditions is quite sufficient to describe the experimental results of McKubre and others [2]. Below we present the calculation of the rate process similar to the mu-catalysis where, instead of the exchange interaction by the muon, the factor of bringing together two deuterons is the effect of conduction electrons and the lattice of the crystal.
Calculation of the DD fusion rate for “Metal-Crystal” catalysis
The expression for the cross section of synthesis in the collision of two nuclei can be written as
where for the DD fusion
Here the energy E is shown in keV in the center of mass. S(E) astrophysical factor (at low energies it can be considered constant), the factor 1/E reflects de Broglie dependence of cross section on energy. The main energy dependence of the fusion is contained in an expression
that determines the probability of penetration of the deuteron through the Coulomb barrier. From the above expressions, it is evident that in the case of DD collisions and in the case of DDμcatalysis, the physics of the processes is the same. We use this fact to determine the probability of DD fusion in the case of the “metal-crystalline” DD-catalysis. In the case of DDμ- catalysis the size of the muon deuterium molecules (ion+) is ~5×10ˆ13m. Deuterium nuclei approach such a distance at a kinetic energy ~3 keV. Using the expression (1), we found that the ratio of σ(3.0 keV)/σ(0.3 keV) = 1.05×10ˆ16. It should be noted that for the free deuterium molecule this ratio [ σ(3.0keV)/σ(0.03keV)] is about 10ˆ73. Experimental estimations of the fusion rate for the (DDμ)+ case presented in the paper by Hale [10]:
Thus, we obtain for the “metal-crystalline” catalysis DD fusion rate (for zirconium case):
Is this enough to explain the experiments on cold fusion? We suppose that a screening potential for palladium is about the same as for zirconium. 1 cmˆ3 (12.6 g) of palladium contains 6.0210ˆ23(12.6/106.4) = 0.710ˆ23 atoms. Fraction of crystalline cells with dual (or more) the number of deuterium atoms at a ratio of D: Pd ~1:1 is the case in the experiments [2] ~0.25 (e.g., for Poisson distribution). Crystal cell containing deuterium atoms 0 or 1, in the sense of a fusion reaction, we consider as “passive”. Thus, the number of “active” deuterium cells in 1 cmˆ3 of palladium is equal to 1.810ˆ22. In this case, in a 1 cmˆ3 of palladium the reaction rate will be
this corresponds to the energy release of about 3 kW. This is quite sufficient to explain the results of McKubre group [2]. Most promising version for practical applications would be Platinum (Pt) crystals, where the screening potential for d(d,p)t fusion at room temperature is about 675 eV [11]. In this case, DD fusion rate would be:
The problem of “nonradiative” release of nuclear fusion energy
As we have already noted, the virtual absence of conventional nuclear decay products of the compound nucleus was widely regarded as one of the paradoxes of DD fusion with the formation of 4He in the experiments [2]. We proposed the explanation of this paradox in [4]. We believe that after penetration through the Coulomb barrier at low energies and the materialization of the two deuterons in a potential well, these deuterons retain their identity for some time. This time defines the frequency of further nuclear reactions. Figure 2 schematically illustrates the mechanism of this process. After penetration into the compound nucleus at a very low energy, the deuterons happen to be in a quasi-stabile state seating in the opposite potential wells. In principle, this system is a dual “electromagnetic-nuclear” oscillator. In this oscillator the total kinetic energy of the deuteron turns into potential energy of the oscillator, and vice versa. In the case of very low-energy, the amplitude of oscillations is small, and the reactions with nucleon exchange are suppressed.
Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of the mechanism of the nuclear decay frequency dependence on the compound nucleus 4He* excitation energy for the merging deuterons is presented. The diagram illustrates the shape of the potential well of the compound nucleus. The edges of the potential well are defined by the strong interaction, the dependence at short distances Coulomb repulsion.
The lifetime of the excited 4He* nucleus can be considered in the formalism of the usual radioactive decay. In this case,
Here ν is the decay frequency, i.e., the reciprocal of the decay time τ. According to our hypothesis, the decay rate is a function of excitation energy of the compound nucleus E. Approximating with the first two terms of the polynomial expansion, we have:
Here ν° is the decay frequency at asymptotically low excitation energy. According to quantum-mechanical considerations, the wave functions of deuterons do not completely disappear with decreasing energy, as illustrated by the introduction of the term ν°. The second term of the expansion describes the linear dependence of the frequency decay on the excitation energy. The characteristic nuclear frequency is usually about 10ˆ22 sˆ-1. In fusion reaction D+D4He there is a broad resonance at an energy around 8 MeV. Simple estimates by the width of the resonance and the uncertainty relation gives a lifetime of the intermediate state of about 0.810ˆ22 s. The “nuclear” reaction rate falls approximately linearly with decreasing energy. Apparently, a group of McKubre [2] operates in an effective energy range below 2 keV in the c.m.s. Thus, in these experiments, the excitation energy is at least 4×10ˆ3 times less than in the resonance region. We assume that the rate of nuclear decay is that many times smaller. The corresponding lifetime is less than 0.3×10ˆ18 s. This fall in the nuclear reaction rate has little effect on the ratio of output decay channels of the compound nucleus, but down to a certain limit. This limit is about 6 keV. A compound nucleus at this energy is no longer an isolated system, since virtual photons from the 4He* can reach to the nearest electron and carry the excitation energy of the compound nucleus. The total angular momentum carried by the virtual photons can be zero, so this process is not prohibited. For the distance to the nearest electron, we chose the radius of the electrons in the helium atom (3.1×10ˆ11 m). From the uncertainty relations, duration of this process is about 10ˆ-19 seconds. In the case of “metal-crystalline” catalysis the distance to the nearest electrons can be significantly less and the process of dissipation of energy will go faster. It is assumed that after an exchange of multiple virtual photons with the electrons of the environment the relatively small excitation energy of compound nucleus 4He* vanishes, and the frequency of the compound nucleus decaying with the emission of nucleons will be determined only by the term ν°. For convenience, we assume that this value is no more than 10ˆ12-10ˆ14 per second. In this case, the serial exchange of virtual photons with the electrons of the environment in a time of about 10ˆ-16 will lead to the loss of ~4 MeV from the compound nucleus (after which decays with emission of nucleons are energetically forbidden), and then additional exchange will lead to the loss of all of the free energy of the compound nucleus (24 MeV) and finally the nucleus will be in the 4He ground state. The energy dissipation mechanism of the compound nucleus 4He* with virtual photons, discussed above, naturally raises the question of the electromagnetic-nuclear structure of the excited compound nucleus.
Fig. 3. Possible energy diagram of the excited 4He* nucleus is presented.
Figure 3 represents a possible energy structure of the excited 4He* nucleus and changes of its spatial configuration in the process of releasing of excitation energy. Investigation of this process might be useful to study the quark-gluon dynamics and the structure of the nucleus.
Discussion
Perhaps, in this long-standing history of cold fusion, finally the mystery of this curious and enigmatic phenomenon is gradually being opened. Besides possible benefits that the practical application of this discovery will bring, the scientific community should take into account the sociological lessons that we have gained during such a long ordeal of rejection of this brilliant, though largely accidental, scientific discovery. We would like to express the special appreciation to the scientists that actively resisted the negative verdict imposed about twenty years ago on this topic by the vast majority of nuclear physicists.
Acknowledgements
The author thanks Prof. S.B. Dabagov, Dr. M. McKubre, Dr. F. Tanzela, Dr. V.A. Kuzmin, Prof. L.N. Bogdanova and Prof. T.V. Tetereva for help and valuable discussions. The author is grateful to Prof. V.G. Kadyshevsky, Prof. V.A. Rubakov, Prof. S.S. Gershtein, Prof. V.V. Belyaev, Prof. N.E. Tyurin, Prof. V.L. Aksenov, Prof. V.M. Samsonov, Prof. I.M. Gramenitsky, Prof. A.G. Olshevsky, Prof. V.G. Baryshevsky for their help and useful advice. I am grateful to Dr. VM. Golovatyuk, Prof. M.D. Bavizhev, Dr. N.I. Zimin, Prof. A.M. Taratin for their continued support. I am also grateful to Prof. A. Tollestrup, Prof. U. Amaldi, Prof. W. Scandale, Prof. A. Seiden, Prof. R. Carrigan, Prof. A. Korol, Prof. J. Hauptmann, Prof. V. Guidi, Prof. F. Sauli, Prof. G. Mitselmakher, Prof. A. Takahashi, and Prof. X. Artru for stimulating feedback. Continued support in this process was provided with my colleagues and the leadership of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, and I am especially grateful to Prof. R. Parkey, Prof. N. Rofsky, Prof. J. Anderson and Prof. G. Arbique. I express special thanks to my wife, N.A. Tsyganova for her stimulating ideas and uncompromising support.
References
1. M. Fleischmann, S. Pons, M. W. Anderson, L. J. Li, M. Hawkins, J. Electro anal. Chem. 287, 293 (1990).
2. M. C. H. McKubre, F. Tanzella, P. Tripodi, and P. Haglestein, In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2000, Lerici (La Spezia), Ed. F. Scaramuzzi, (Italian Physical Society, Bologna, Italy, 2001), p 3; M. C. H. McKubre, In Condensed Matter Nuclear Science: Proceedings Of The 10th International Conference On Cold Fusion; Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 21-29 August, 2003, Ed by P. L. Hagelstein and S. R. Chubb, (World Sci., Singapore, 2006). M. C. H. McKubre, “Review of experimental measurements involving dd reactions”, Presented at the Short Course on LENR for ICCF-10, August 25, 2003.
3. Y. Arata, Y. Zhang, “The special report on research project for creation of new energy”, J. High Temp. Soc. (1) (2008).
4. E. Tsyganov, in Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 2010, Vol. 73, No. 12, pp. 1981–1989. Original Russian text published in Yadernaya Fizika, 2010, Vol. 73, No. 12, pp. 2036–2044.
5. E.N. Tsyganov, “The mechanism of DD fusion in crystals”, submitted to IL NUOVO CIMENTO 34 (4-5) (2011), in Proceedings of the International Conference Channeling 2010 in Ferrara, Italy, October 3-8 2010.
6. H.J. Assenbaum, K. Langanke and C. Rolfs, Z. Phys. A – Atomic Nuclei 327, p. 461-468 (1987).
7. C. Rolfs, “Enhanced Electron Screening in Metals: A Plasma of the Poor Man”, Nuclear Physics News, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2006.
8. A. Huke, K. Czerski, P. Heide, G. Ruprecht, N. Targosz, and W. Zebrowski, “Enhancement of deuteron-fusion reactions in metals and experimental implications”, PHYSICAL REVIEW C 78, 015803 (2008).
9. L.N. Bogdanova, Proceedings of International Conference on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Topics, Dubna, June 18–21, 2007, published by JINR, E4, 15-2008-70, p. 285-293
10. G.M. Hale, “Nuclear physics of the muon catalyzed d+d reactions”, Muon Catalyzed Fusion 5/6 (1990/91) p. 227-232.
11. F. Raiola (for the LUNA Collaboration), B. Burchard, Z. Fulop, et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.31, 1141 (2005); Eur. Phys. J. A 27, s01, 79 (2006).
by E.N. Tsyganov
(UA9 collaboration) University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center at Dallas, Texas, USA
Dear H.Hansson:
Probably there has been a misunderstanding: the recharge is made by our agents, the charges to be regenerated are sent back to the closest treatment unit. We will organize such units locating them strategically, based on the Customers’ locations.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Pierre Duglos:
Merci Beaucoup!
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Mauro Valerio:
The 1 MW E-Cat tested on the 28th of October has been designed to make steam, because this was the request of the Customer.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Francesco D.M.:
We are just producing heat, so far.
Probably we will sell shares to allow everybody to participate to this enterprise. But before this we have to consolidate our manufacturing and commercial system.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Paul Gordon:
As I said in my former answer to your question, we and the consultant of the Customer have many times checked the water dripping, verifying that there was no difference at all with the valve partially open and the valve totally open. In any case the water dripping was so small to be totally irrilevant respect the water flow at the input.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Buongiorno Ing.Rossi
In che modo il cliente utilizzerà l’E-Cat?
Scalderà semplicemente oppure farà fronte
al suo fabbisogno di energia elettrica?
L’accumulo di vapore sarà in grado di far girare delle
turbine?
Sta pensando di quotarsi in borsa dopo
il primo anno di vendite?
Mi conservi qualche azione!
Grazie della pazienza
Cordiali saluti
suo sostenitore
Francesco D.M.
Frank Acland,on his web site – E-CAT WORLD, has indicated two opposite alternatives to a potential “Open Source E-CAT”. Each one of the two choices has its own pros and cons, that are well clarified by Acland himself.
My proposal would be,why not configure a third alternative: a “Quasi Open Source E-CAT”? That is: a solution which foresees, on one side: the availability “on the shelf”, of one or two Rossi’s standard black boxes, containing the charges and the necessary input/output for controls and safety sistems, dedicated to the market developping of specific industrial and home applications; and, on the other side: the choice of one or few exclusive Rossi’s big partners dedicated to research and development on the E-CAT technology.
Can this alternative meet the need for a rapid development of the world market of the current E-CAT energy source with your necessity of controlling the development of the E_CAT technology through powerful investment sources?
Congratulazioni vivissime e cordiali saluti.
Bruno A.
Buongiorno Dr Rossi
Complimenti per il successo del test del 28 ottobre. Tutti ci auguriamo di vedere degli sviluppi ingegneristici concreti anche per il bene del nostro Paese.
Una cosa per mi chiedevo.
Anzichè utilizzare dei dissipatori, non era piu semplice fare circolare 2000 o 3000 litri a ciclo chiuso e semplicemente determinare quanti gradi centrigradi aveva guadagnato nelle cinque ore e mezza di funzionamento in autosostentamento?
Oppure in alternativa vadere quanto tempo impegava a portare la temperatira dell’acqua da i 19 gardi inziali a 100 gradi?
Confido in una sua risposta.
Cordiali saluti
Vauro Valerio
Professeur Rossi,
Belge tout à fait ordinaire mais suivant de près votre invention extraordinaire, permettez-moi de vous féliciter.
Tout à fait convaincu de l’extraordinaire changement que cela apportera dans nos vies je ne cesse de mentionner votre découverte dans tous les forums de médias auquels j’accède (et encore ce matin dans “Le Soir” belge)
car je trouve très malheureux le manque d’informations des médias qui n’ont sans doute pas compris la portée de votre invention. Espérons que cela change. (…mais même le reporter d’Associated Press ne dit rien ?)
Je vous souhaite prospérité dans vos affaires et bonne continuation, vous l’avez mérité.
Cordialement
Pierre Duflos
Dr Mr Rossi,
You say we are in a war. But it is not just your war to bring the e-cat to market. It is a war that has been fought since before I can remember.
It is a war that let’s politicians pass laws that make them unaccountable for any lie they tell us. It is a war that sells the food we feed our children and hope we have for the future to money speculators and power manipulators. It is a war that most people close their eyes to because there is little we can do.
But we are not stupid and we are not asleep. Sometimes an invention comes along such as yours that threatens to break the entrenchment of power and corruption. We watch and wait with hopeful expectation.
Dear Mr. Rossi,
You indicated that customers needs to send the eCat/big-cat (container?) back to be reloaded. For how long will you think that this solution will be possible (assuming that the logistic problem will also grow exponentially)??
Customers sending the eCat back for reloading how long time can they expect to wait before having their eCat returned??
Dear Mr. Andrea Rossi,
Congratulations on your outstanding success!
Please, inform me how I could buy the shares of your company.
I have many inventions, mostly related to biomedicine, and I have ideas how to increase mental capability, how to primary prevent mental diseases, how to get people healthy from the beginning of the life and some others. A lot of money is needed for realization, and in an attempt to promote it (partly, of course), I hope to buy the shares of your company.
Many thanks.
Best regards,
Simon Basovich,
Australia
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Sorry for causing you trouble looking for the video, here is a link to the video I referred to:
http://media.shootitlive.com/talentummedia/1/2CG3FTdOKDnWZFvaWg1wI4aCrXE_768.mp4
Please allow me to quote part of your earlier given reply about the drain valve:
“… to lower the heat to the plastic bag (one of them had been changed in shape from the heat) we limited the opening of the valve to a position that allowed the water dripping, which was very, very low, but limited the heat exchange. The issue has been constantly controlled by the consultant of the Customer, who controlled many times the water dripping during the day.”
Again, I am not an expert on these things, but if you closed the valve to limit the outflow how did you then know that for each drop coming out several hundred drops were not passing by?
Hi Andrea, I’m still following your progress with great inspiration, but I’m saddened by the fact that you are still getting almost zero publicity on your achievements.
I’m no expert in PR etc, but I’m curious about your views on this. I’ve even tried pushing your achievements to NZ press, but they have ignored everything.
Have you got a strategy to convince the world?
Regards
SS
Dear Mr. Rossi
From the OCT 28 interview you said:
“Mr. Mats Lewan who is a scientific journalist of the magazine NyTeknik he asked to me what will happen now with this plant. The plant has been sold and after this first test which was the test in our factory it will go to the customer. It will work. And the work of this plant will be extremely important because it goes to work in place where we will have all the possibility to have, to work with it for a long time everyday, 24 hours a day, so we can collect all that experience that I answered that we need to complete all the cycle of experience necessary to go to higher temperatures.”
I think that it is great that you will gain experience/knowledge from this first sale and installation. My questions are:
1. Can you tell us about when the first customer will have their 1MW plant installed and operational?
2. Will you or your staff be present for the installation and start up?
3. Will you be allowed to make public information about how the first plant is preforming? (example: the plant has been running for 3 days and is producing 1MW at COP=6)
Thank you, I wish you much success.
Zeus
Dear Andrea Piccoli:
My industrial secrets are deposited in an escrow.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear John Cauchi:
1- not less than 1 year
2- Leonardo Corporation (Ampenergo is a commercial licensee)
3- Our assistance org will do all
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Gabbi:
1- yes
2- yes
3- yes
4- yes
5- Assisted
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Rossi
I congratulate you on what you have achieved so far. This is the beginning of a new energy era. I have a few questions regarding your 1Mw plants that you are now producing and have for sale.
1) What sort of support or back up are you providing to customers of the plants? Do the new operators undergo some sort of stringent training or certification to operate the plant?
2) What if something malfunctions? Do you have people on standby to go fix / sort out any problems?
3) How will the refuelling of the reactors be taken care of? If you have customers spread globally how are they going to renew the charge after 6 months? Will they be required to replace all the reactors with new charged reactors? If so this will be a quite a significant cost I assume especially if they need to be shipped overseas.
4) Do you have any serious interest from any European or Asian customers wanting to buy your plants or only from the US so far?
5) Finally, the 1Mw plants that you are producing. Are they designed to operate at 1Mw capacity in self sustain mode or only in “assisted mode”?
Many thanks and all the best with your venture and adventures 🙂
Gabbi
Dear Mr Rossi
I first of all congratulate you for your first sale – I am hoping beyond hope that this technology will be
the game-changer we all wish it to be, for ourselves and for our future!
My questions are these:
1. When will the first e-cats be available for home-purchase?
2. Which company will be producing them? Ampnergo? And will they be available in Europe?
3. How will one be “recharging” the nickel every 6 months? Will they have to buy it from
the company? Will any finely powdered nickel do? And where will one get the hydrogen from?
Hope to hear from you soon! I really hope that this time next year the world’s future will be
far brighter thanks to your discoveries!
John
Caro Sig. Rossi,
mi chiedevo se la sua invenzione sia al sicuro indipendentemente da lei. Sappiamo che nemmeno il Prof. Focardi è al corrente del suo ingrediente “segreto”, per cui mi chiedevo cosa succederebbe se le dovesse capitare qualcosa. Non fraintenda, lei è uomo intelligente ed io non sono certo un gufo, ma mi chiedevo se il suo segreto è “al sicuro”. Ricordo che molti inventori, tra cui Tesla non hanno potuto lasciare integralmente le loro invenzioni, perchè sequestrate da società come CIA che ci hanno di fatto privato di innovazioni e di studi tecnologici per i loro (e non certo i nostri) interessi. Io mi auguro di vedere presto la Sua invenzione funzionare, per amore dei miei figli e delle generrazioni future, dato che ormai, abbiamo toccato il fondo e dopo averlo toccato, abbiamo incominciato a scavare.
1MW di auguri e ci tenga informato.Andrea
Dear Falcon:
As you can easily understand, there is nothing I can say about this, being an issue that does not depend on us. He made a very good job on the field, that’s all I can say.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear David Roberson:
I hope you are right.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Paul Gordon:
I am not able to find the video you talk about, ( I found the report, but not the video), so I cannot see the image you have noticed. Mats Lewan has made many video registrations on the 28th of October, the last has been during the cooling process. If in the video the valve was closed, this means that that part has been made during the cooling. Otherwise, the valve could have been closed for a moment before changing the plastic tank; consider that the dripping of water was very low, so, to lower the heat to the plastig bag (one of them had been changed in shape from the heat) we limited the opening of the valve to a position that allowed the water dripping, which was very, very low, but limited the heat exchange. The issue has been constantly controlled by the consultant of the Customer, who controlled many times the water dripping during the day.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
You say that Mats Lewan’s video was shot during cooling down. Then you must explain why Mats was so interested in the temperature of the valve handle. He touches it briefly and says: “No, not very hot here.” Then professor Levi who happens to be there at the same time directs Mats to bring is hand into closer contact with the handle which he does and then Mats agrees that it really is hot. Then Levi also instructs Mats to feel close to the mounting point of the thermo probe, a spot which also turns out to be hot to the touch.
This keen interest in the exit temperature and what Mats says hardly support the proposition that this sequence was filmed during the cooling down phase. I do not understand this, but then of course I am not a specialist on these things.
Kind regards, Paul
Dear Ing Rossi,
I do not think you have yet given a name to this process, as opposed to your machine. Might I suggest Proton Release? That says enough without scaring people.
Of course if you are capturing something else apart from protons, please feel free to substitute! LOL
All the best with your endeavours,
Daniel Maris
Dear Mr. Rossi,
I understand that you have not generated electrical power with one of your ECATs. May I make a suggestion. Please take the time to record that event and document it well. There is a blackboard in Idaho, USA listing the names of all of the people present when the first electric light was illuminated by fission power. I feel that your invention will improve the world far in excess of that event and should be remembered forever. Keep that first device and electrical system for historical reasons. Maybe one day we can place them in the Smithsonian unless Italy gets them first!
Warm Regards,
D.R.
Dr. Andrea Rossi. Can you tell us more about the AP reporter that was supposed to report about the 28th October test? And why he is still silent till now? I really think we are in war as you said!
Dear Jan:
Good questions.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Paul Gordon:
The valve has been always open, under the strict control of the Consultant of the Customer. The video you talk of has been made during the cooling down of the E-Cat, after it has been turned off.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
At the Ny Teknik web site Mats Lewan has published a short video shot during self sustained mode. At the steam exit end of the container a hose is connected to the steam pipe and the other end of the hose goes into the plastic bottle that collects liquid water coming out of the plant. One problem only, between the steam pipe and bottle there is a valve, and the position of the valve handle clearly indicates that the valve is closed. Can you explain this mystery please?
Kind regards, Paul
onore alla fisica sperimentale
le auguro il successo che merita
Carissimo Ing. Rossi buonasera
Vorrei innanzitutto dire che concordo pienamente con quanto Le ha scritto Nicola B.
In proposito ho anche inviato una E-Mail di protesta alla Redazione del TG Leonardo chiedendo il perchè non vi sia stata menzione circa questo ultimo importantissimo test.
Noi, in effetti, immaginiamo il motivo del silenzio dei madia, ma è comunque bene far sentire la nostra voce!
Approfitto del suo blog per lanciare un appello ai suoi estimatori affinchè, come abbonati, sommergano la Rai di richieste di informazione corretta sugli esperimenti in questione (ad es. indirizzando a leonardo@rai.it).
Sincere Cordialità
Dear Mr. Rossi,
What is the mechanism that allows you to sell your plants to customers while remaining confident they won’t disassemble the units and discover the industrial secret? Isn’t this impossible? Do you have personnel watching over the deployed plants at all times??
Best Regards,
Jan
Dear Mr. Rossi,
Congratulations from one of your tenacious supporters for the latest successful 1 Megawatt system proof of performance. I wish we could discuss your history making discovery over a large mug of fine beer. I am confident that you could reveal stories that are fascinating and extremely informative.
A few months ago you told us that you would reveal the science behind the operation of the ECAT soon after the first ones were sold. I would like to plead to you for release of this information. I have devoted a modest amount of my time thinking of ways to enhance your device that are currently based upon the mechanism outlined within the report you and the esteemed Dr. Focardi published on your site, dated March 22, 2010 http://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/files/Rossi-Focardi_paper.pdf. Is this the physics behind your ECAT? Is the release of high energy beta + (positrons) still part of the process? There are several important possibilities that have arisen relating to this phenomenon.
You have my everlasting gratitude for devoting so much of your life and resources in your quest to change our world. I wish we had many others willing to accomplish the same.
Thanks,
D.R.
Dear Gustavo:
In due time.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Mr.Rossi
Congratulations.
Could we know something about one of the next customers?
Warm regards
Hi, How about calling the e-cat a fuel engine? with the phrase “the fuel is the engine”. StoryBoard: The only self-tending power source in our history. Thanks Rick
P.S. another slogan,
“Enough power for itself and the rest of us too”
Dear Nicola B.:
Thank you!
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Egregio ing. Rossi,
trovo incredibile, nonche’ indegno di un paese civile, che nessun organo “ufficiale” di informazione (fatta eccezione, credo, per il TG2, che peraltro si e’ espresso in termini palesemente dubitativi) abbia inteso divulgare la notizia della Sua mirabolante scoperta, benché la stessa sia -da oltre 9 mesi- oggetto di plurime dimostrazioni pubbliche, benché l’esperimento del 28/10 sia stato dirimente nel dissolvere ogni possibile dubbio residuo, stante l’esorbitante quantità di energia termica generata, che può giustificarsi solo per effetto di reazioni nucleari, e benché nessuno dei Suoi piu’ accaniti, velenosi ed invidiosi detrattori sia sinora riuscito ad azzardare neppure un’ipotesi intesa a screditare la validità scientifica dell’E-cat…
Ogni cittadino di questo strano paese dovrebbe dimenarsi di gioia alla sola idea che la scoperta che probabilmente muterà gli equilibri del pianeta sia frutto del genio di un italiano, anziché rispolverare il proprio spirito d’appartenenza alla stirpe italica solo in occasione delle partite della nazionale di calcio!
Sono un ingegnere meccanico con svariati anni di esperienza in diversi settori.
Se lo vorrà, sarò onorato di collaborare al Suo fianco.
Grazie per quello che ha realizzato con il Suo ingegno, la Sua determinazione, il Suo coraggio! Grazie anche a nome della mia bimba di 2 anni, cui Lei ha regalato un futuro decisamente piu’ roseo!
Nicola
Hi, How about calling the e-cat a fuel engine? with the phrase “the fuel is the engine”. StoryBoard: The only self-tending power source in our history. Thanks Rick
P.S. another slogan,
“Enough power for itself and and the rest of us too”
Dear Alex:
You are right.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Francesco C.:
In the October 6th test the amount of hydrogen has been redundant. Very much redundant. As a matter of fact, we consume an infinitesimal fraction of the charged hydrogen.
As probably you know, 1 gram of mass equals 23 x 10^6 kWh…
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I have a short and very simple question about your last test about the 1MW plant.
The total hydrogen amount loaded into the plant seem to be 1,7 grams, at 55 atm.
In the previous test (6 ottobre) and others, with 1 e-cat, the idrogen amount was about 1,5 grams, still at 55 atm.
I cannot understand how is possible that 1 e-cat “eats” the same amount of hydrogen of more than 300 e-cats that constitute the 1MW plant.
I’ll be grateful if you would “cancel” my dubt.
Warm regards.
The world has already been waiting for 50 years to see the first watt of electrical energy oozing out of HOT FUSION, ITER etc. We are still waiting and they tell us it could take another 30 years.
But some people here are unable to wait for a few months for Ing. Rossi’s great achievment of adapting LENR theories for practical use: The E-Cat.
Our times require a new source of cheap and abundant energy which, like the personal computer, can be brought cheaply toy Joe the plumber’s house and make him independent from the grid.
Ing. Rossi’s principle has initiated the process for the personalisation of energy.
Dear Francesco D.M.:
The control panel has to remain turned on even if no energy is given to the reactors because it operated the safety and regulating devices.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Francesco Cassinari,
I will contact you.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Caro ingegner Rossi,
mi chiamo Francesco Cassinari e lavoro come ingegnere del software presso un’azienda svizzera attiva nell’automazione industriale. Insieme alla mia compagna, che di professione fa la giornalista, seguiamo con vivo interesse lo sviluppo della sua invenzione sin dallo scorso inverno e vorremmo realizzare un servizio per la televisione svizzera (non ancora approvato). La straordinaria importanza della sua invenzione, il modo in cui viene finora ignorata dagli organi d’informazione di massa e altri elementi che sono tipici del libro giallo (mi passi l’ardire del paragone), fanno della sua storia un’occasione giornalistica irripetibile. La prego di contattarmi nel caso in cui fosse disponibile a rilasciare un’intervista.
Cordiali saluti
Francesco Cassinari
Un vento leggero ad una determinata frequenza
è in grado di far oscillare un ponte in cemento armato
e di ridurlo in briciole.
Credo che l’additivo che lei usa non sia una
cosa materiale bensì la “frequenza perfetta”.
Buongiorno Ing. Rossi
Riflettendo su tutto l’apparato
ho notato nei test che la corrente di fatto non
viene mai staccata del tutto.
Il quadro che controlla la resistenza risulta semplicemente
0 quando l’e-cat è in auto sostentamento.
Vorrei sapere se la presa elettrica può essere staccata
fisicamente in autosostenimento oppure no.
Ho la sensazione che l’ecat ha bisogno di un “minimo” di corrente elettrica
ad una data Frequenza per mantenere aperti i “Cancelli” della fusione nucleare.
Ovvero per far andare in “risonanza” L’atomo di Idrogeno con il Nichel.
Probabilmente mi sbaglio.
Cordiali Saluti
Suo sostenitore
Francesco D.M.