Dear Dr. Rossi,
have i read it correctly that you will licence the ecat also to other producers?
How much will be the license fee per 100 Watt ecat?
Best regards
R.Brand
One possible solution is to design and place a Current Limiting Circuit between the NGU unit(s) and the load. The Current limiting Circuit will limit the current being drawn from the NGU unit(s) so the NGU unit(s) do not shutdown. The output of the Current Limiting Circuit will reduce the voltage going to the load.
Martyn Aubrey:
With the Ecat will happen exactly the same thing that would happen if you exceed the power installed in your house by your energy provider, for example connecting too many appliances at the same time; suppose you have a contract to supply a maximum power of 5 kW: this means that you can connect loads that totalize a consume of max 5 kWh/h, e.g. one 2 kW heater, one 2 kW refrigerator and additional series of appliances for a total of 1 kW of power, this way consuming a total of 5 kWh/h of energy: that’s fine so far…but if you add to the connections any further appliance, the general switch of your house will shut down all; analogically, the same would happen with the Ecat system. To fix the issue, as you surely already know, all you have to do is to disconnect some appliance to reduce the consume within the limit of 5 kWh/h, and the light will be back again. I am sure that you already experienced this solace,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Yet another eCat application – large electric cranes
“The world’s largest land-based electric crane is here to make construction even cleaner, and the technology could revolutionize offshore wind installations.
As detailed by Interesting Engineering, the SK6,000 ring crane was delivered to Mammoet’s engineering hub in the Netherlands in April 2023.”
While the crane is currently powered from the “dirty” electrical grid, it could be powered by eCat technology. This would make its operation free from electrical grid outages.
It is also likely that seaborne cranes could use eCat technology.
You answered to Steve D that the Ecat shuts down when V*I exceeds the power rating.
Will there be a warning indication when the output power approaches the cut-off threshold?
Many thanks for your answer.
Steve D:
The Ecat system has a constant Voltage that depends on the assembly and the specific situation; R and I depend on the integrals deriving from the first Ohm’s Law:
R = V/I
Obviously V*I cannot exceed the power: if it does, the Ecat shuts down.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
A DC to DC converter wold be fine — you just need to verify that the eCat-NGU is generating significant power with no input. The eCat-NGU could also be placed in a shielded box to eliminate any electromagnetic coupling from a hidden source.
2. Is there a minimum load required for the voltage to be presented? If so, what is that load?
You response, No.
I read minimum load to mean minimum current, therefore it refers to a load resistance value that cannot be exceeded. The readers question suggests a threshold. The distinction between open circuit and just sufficient current to maintain eg 12 V output. To rephrase the question:
1) Is there a maximum load resistance where the ecat will still output a voltage?
2) If so, what is that load resistance, or more generally what is the minimum current?
3) When idle for storage, is the ecat in an “off” condition?
4) Is there eg 12V or 0V output when it is “off”?
5) If Q4 answer is 0V, the ecat is seen to have shut down at some maximum resistance or minimum current threshold. The user will need to know this threshold for application design.
I have been watching this technology for a long time. Historically, AR has been reluctant to have direct measurements of the output of the eCat technology devices.
My suggested change to your request to AR is to place a DC/DC converter in line so that the measurement equipment measures the output of the DC/DC converter. Maybe a 12VDC to 24VDC output with a load of 6 Ohms rated to handle more than 100W? Measure the average voltage at the load and the average current. Perhaps use analog meters?
You have stated that you will not restart the live demonstration of the eCat-NGU, but I hope that you would reconsider that decision. I would feel more comfortable telling others about your invention if I saw a demonstration that had clear measurements with common equipment. A demonstration that had an eCat-NGU, with output terminals connected to a mechanical panel meter measuring voltage, connected to a resistive load through a mechanical panel meter measuring current, and a two or more mechanical (or mercury/alcohol glass) thermometers measuring the temperature of the load and room temperature would work. If you demonstrated the 100 Watt eCat-NGU, the temperature rise would be very apparent, demonstrating power flow to the load independent of the voltage times current electrical power measurement.
Everything associated with the measurements could be certified by experts beforehand. It could be connected to the eCat-NGU at your site. Though there will still be skeptics claiming the demonstration is fake, it would make many of us who have been following the eCat technology evolution more comfortable.
1. Does the NGU 100W module present its voltage (e.g. 12 VDC) all the time, excluding times when an over current condition is occurring?
2. Is there a minimum load required for the voltage to be presented? If so, what is that load?
3. What happens as the load causes the NGU 100W unit to approach, meet, and then exceed the maximum current draw? Does the output voltage decrease after the point of maximum current draw?
I am trying to understand how the NGU 100W module (in series with other identical units) will respond when MPPT occurs in a solar inverter where the PV input is replaced by a series connections of NGU 100W units.
Doctor Rossi
Many affordable Chinese electric vehicle models are expected to arrive in Europe soon.
The Italian state has provided incentives for the purchase of electric vehicles.
Please speed up the test to prevent many from making a wrong purchase.
Good work
“Medical oxygen is a regulated commodity that must be at least 82% pure, free from any contamination, and generated by an oil-free compressor. Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It changes from gas to liquid at a temperature of −182.96°C. The liquid oxygen can be solidified or frozen at a temperature of −218°C.”
4 MJ of energy is needed to produce 1 kg of liquid oxygen.
1 kg of liquid oxygen will generate 720 liters of medical oxygen.
Assume a hospital with 1,000 beds, each requiring 5 liters per minute of medical oxygen = 5,000 liter per minute.
energy needed per minute = 4 MJ * 5,000 liters per minute * 1kg/720 liters = ~ 28 MJ / minute
power needed = 28 MJ /60 sec = ~ 0.5 MW.
The hospital would not need to rely on external transportation of liquid oxygen which might fail when storms are present.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
You are right: in the comment of Sergio there was a typo, writing SKLep instead of SKL, and in my answer I erroneously repeated his typo: my mistake. After this comment of yours I corrected both the typos,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
You posted “The Ecat SKLep was only a heat generator, while the Ecat SKLep NGU generates electricity and, consequently, also heat, albeit the theoretical operational bases are the same.”
If my memory serves me correctly, the Ecat SKLep was an electricity producer (the last two letters of SKLep). Some undefined problems occurred with the SKLep design and you went to the NGU (“Never Give Up”) version. The SKLep was originally designed to go into the EV demonstration.
As I recall, the NGU had some additional components added to improve reliability.
R.Brand:
Requests of license must be addressed to
info@leonardocorp1996.com
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels,
I already answered to this issue,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
have i read it correctly that you will licence the ecat also to other producers?
How much will be the license fee per 100 Watt ecat?
Best regards
R.Brand
Martyn Aubrey,
One possible solution is to design and place a Current Limiting Circuit between the NGU unit(s) and the load. The Current limiting Circuit will limit the current being drawn from the NGU unit(s) so the NGU unit(s) do not shutdown. The output of the Current Limiting Circuit will reduce the voltage going to the load.
Martyn Aubrey:
With the Ecat will happen exactly the same thing that would happen if you exceed the power installed in your house by your energy provider, for example connecting too many appliances at the same time; suppose you have a contract to supply a maximum power of 5 kW: this means that you can connect loads that totalize a consume of max 5 kWh/h, e.g. one 2 kW heater, one 2 kW refrigerator and additional series of appliances for a total of 1 kW of power, this way consuming a total of 5 kWh/h of energy: that’s fine so far…but if you add to the connections any further appliance, the general switch of your house will shut down all; analogically, the same would happen with the Ecat system. To fix the issue, as you surely already know, all you have to do is to disconnect some appliance to reduce the consume within the limit of 5 kWh/h, and the light will be back again. I am sure that you already experienced this solace,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
I reviewed a projection that the State of Texas will need to double its baseload capacity, currently around 150 GW, within the next ten years to meet:
1. Population growth
2. environmental change (Texas is getting warmer)
3. Increase in industry.
Perhaps you should adjust your business model to include electricity production?
Thoughts?
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Yet another eCat application – large electric cranes
“The world’s largest land-based electric crane is here to make construction even cleaner, and the technology could revolutionize offshore wind installations.
As detailed by Interesting Engineering, the SK6,000 ring crane was delivered to Mammoet’s engineering hub in the Netherlands in April 2023.”
While the crane is currently powered from the “dirty” electrical grid, it could be powered by eCat technology. This would make its operation free from electrical grid outages.
It is also likely that seaborne cranes could use eCat technology.
Thoughts?
Dear Dr Rossi,
You answered to Steve D that the Ecat shuts down when V*I exceeds the power rating.
Will there be a warning indication when the output power approaches the cut-off threshold?
Many thanks for your answer.
Kind regards,
Martyn Aubrey
Steve D:
The Ecat system has a constant Voltage that depends on the assembly and the specific situation; R and I depend on the integrals deriving from the first Ohm’s Law:
R = V/I
Obviously V*I cannot exceed the power: if it does, the Ecat shuts down.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
A DC to DC converter wold be fine — you just need to verify that the eCat-NGU is generating significant power with no input. The eCat-NGU could also be placed in a shielded box to eliminate any electromagnetic coupling from a hidden source.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
2024-04-30 Steven Nicholes Karels asks,
2. Is there a minimum load required for the voltage to be presented? If so, what is that load?
You response, No.
I read minimum load to mean minimum current, therefore it refers to a load resistance value that cannot be exceeded. The readers question suggests a threshold. The distinction between open circuit and just sufficient current to maintain eg 12 V output. To rephrase the question:
1) Is there a maximum load resistance where the ecat will still output a voltage?
2) If so, what is that load resistance, or more generally what is the minimum current?
3) When idle for storage, is the ecat in an “off” condition?
4) Is there eg 12V or 0V output when it is “off”?
5) If Q4 answer is 0V, the ecat is seen to have shut down at some maximum resistance or minimum current threshold. The user will need to know this threshold for application design.
Thank You
Tom Kaminski,
I have been watching this technology for a long time. Historically, AR has been reluctant to have direct measurements of the output of the eCat technology devices.
My suggested change to your request to AR is to place a DC/DC converter in line so that the measurement equipment measures the output of the DC/DC converter. Maybe a 12VDC to 24VDC output with a load of 6 Ohms rated to handle more than 100W? Measure the average voltage at the load and the average current. Perhaps use analog meters?
Thoughts?
Tom Kaminski:
Thank you for your opinion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
You have stated that you will not restart the live demonstration of the eCat-NGU, but I hope that you would reconsider that decision. I would feel more comfortable telling others about your invention if I saw a demonstration that had clear measurements with common equipment. A demonstration that had an eCat-NGU, with output terminals connected to a mechanical panel meter measuring voltage, connected to a resistive load through a mechanical panel meter measuring current, and a two or more mechanical (or mercury/alcohol glass) thermometers measuring the temperature of the load and room temperature would work. If you demonstrated the 100 Watt eCat-NGU, the temperature rise would be very apparent, demonstrating power flow to the load independent of the voltage times current electrical power measurement.
Everything associated with the measurements could be certified by experts beforehand. It could be connected to the eCat-NGU at your site. Though there will still be skeptics claiming the demonstration is fake, it would make many of us who have been following the eCat technology evolution more comfortable.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
1- yes
2- no
3- the Ecat shuts down
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Gavino Mamia:
You are right,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
A few questions on the NGU 100W module.
1. Does the NGU 100W module present its voltage (e.g. 12 VDC) all the time, excluding times when an over current condition is occurring?
2. Is there a minimum load required for the voltage to be presented? If so, what is that load?
3. What happens as the load causes the NGU 100W unit to approach, meet, and then exceed the maximum current draw? Does the output voltage decrease after the point of maximum current draw?
I am trying to understand how the NGU 100W module (in series with other identical units) will respond when MPPT occurs in a solar inverter where the PV input is replaced by a series connections of NGU 100W units.
Doctor Rossi
Many affordable Chinese electric vehicle models are expected to arrive in Europe soon.
The Italian state has provided incentives for the purchase of electric vehicles.
Please speed up the test to prevent many from making a wrong purchase.
Good work
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Yet another application for NGU technology
Oxygen production for use at hospitals.
“Medical oxygen is a regulated commodity that must be at least 82% pure, free from any contamination, and generated by an oil-free compressor. Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It changes from gas to liquid at a temperature of −182.96°C. The liquid oxygen can be solidified or frozen at a temperature of −218°C.”
4 MJ of energy is needed to produce 1 kg of liquid oxygen.
1 kg of liquid oxygen will generate 720 liters of medical oxygen.
Assume a hospital with 1,000 beds, each requiring 5 liters per minute of medical oxygen = 5,000 liter per minute.
energy needed per minute = 4 MJ * 5,000 liters per minute * 1kg/720 liters = ~ 28 MJ / minute
power needed = 28 MJ /60 sec = ~ 0.5 MW.
The hospital would not need to rely on external transportation of liquid oxygen which might fail when storms are present.
Thoughts?
Roland:
Thank you for your kind attention to the work of our Team,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
the paper
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
has received 1380 reccomendations as of today, mostly from physicists and researchers of the matter: this is a strong peer reviewing support, even more impressive considering its revolutionary context.
Best Regards,
Roland
Iggy Dalrymple:
Depends on the specific situations,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr Rossi,
Does your NGU water heater require an inverter
Best Regards,
Iggy
Steven Nicholes Karels:
You are right: in the comment of Sergio there was a typo, writing SKLep instead of SKL, and in my answer I erroneously repeated his typo: my mistake. After this comment of yours I corrected both the typos,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Quinto:
Thank you for the links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
You posted “The Ecat SKLep was only a heat generator, while the Ecat SKLep NGU generates electricity and, consequently, also heat, albeit the theoretical operational bases are the same.”
If my memory serves me correctly, the Ecat SKLep was an electricity producer (the last two letters of SKLep). Some undefined problems occurred with the SKLep design and you went to the NGU (“Never Give Up”) version. The SKLep was originally designed to go into the EV demonstration.
As I recall, the NGU had some additional components added to improve reliability.
Am I mistaken?
Dr. Rossi
two new notable recent posts from F. Ackland site,
https://e-catworld.com/2024/04/09/video-i-failed-and-why-academia-sucks-sabine-hossenfelder/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380122888_Charge_Clusters_Low_Energy_Nuclear_Reactions_and_Electron_Structure
Regards
Q.
Prof:
Thank you for the update,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Jan Srajer:
As soon as we will decide the date,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Mr.Rossi
How far in advance will you announce the EV test?
All the best J.Š.