Is the partner involved in developing an plan for integrating the 22Kw system into the grid? Will this integration process be required for each national or local grid into which the 22Kw system is to be installed?
More on DER system’s integration from the AI as follows:
The comment “The 22 kV units of 1 MW will supply intermediate power line stations and will merge in their current flow, to be treated in their transformers” outlines a specific, medium-voltage (MV) grid connection scenario.
While a small-scale DER might only require a single, dedicated transformer, your described setup involves multiple 1 MW units feeding into “intermediate power line stations” before merging. This implies a more complex system for managing and synchronizing the power flow from several sources before stepping it up or down for the wider grid.
Here is what that implies:
A complex aggregation point: The “intermediate power line stations” are aggregation points where the output of multiple 1 MW DERs is collected. This requires sophisticated coordination to ensure their currents merge without causing grid instability.
Potential for grid issues: Integrating multiple 1 MW sources at a single point can introduce technical challenges, such as voltage fluctuations, power quality issues (harmonics), and the potential for “unintentional islanding,” where a section of the grid remains energized by the DERs after the main grid has gone down.
A “grid-supporting” role: Modern DERs, particularly those above a certain size (like 1 MW), are no longer passive power sources. They are often required to actively participate in grid management by providing services such as voltage regulation and frequency support.
Additional equipment required for DER integration
Integrating these units safely and reliably requires a comprehensive set of additional equipment beyond the DERs’ generation and transformation capabilities.
At the DER site (for each 1 MW unit)
Inverter and power conditioning systems: If the DER uses a DC source (like solar or a battery), an inverter is needed to convert the power to AC. Modern, “advanced” inverters with “grid-forming” capabilities are critical for providing voltage and frequency ride-through and supporting grid stability.
Interface protection relays: These devices are a critical safety feature. They are programmed to detect abnormal grid conditions, such as voltage or frequency deviations, and automatically disconnect the DER to protect both the grid and personnel.
Local switchgear: A switchgear panel at each DER site houses the breakers, switches, and relays. A visible, lockable disconnect switch is required to allow utility personnel to physically isolate the DER for maintenance.
Control and communication interface (RTU): To allow remote monitoring and control, especially for larger facilities, a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) is necessary to communicate with the utility’s Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system.
At the intermediate power line station (the aggregation point)
Collection bus and switchgear: The individual DER power lines will terminate here and connect to a common bus. This requires robust medium-voltage switchgear to combine the current flows and provide switching capability for maintenance or emergencies.
Advanced protection relays: A higher level of protection is needed at this aggregation point. This may include directional overcurrent protection to prevent power from back-feeding into a faulted section of the grid, as well as relays for voltage and frequency protection.
System-level control: A master control system may be required to coordinate the output of all the connected DERs, manage their response to grid signals, and optimize their combined performance.
Substation transformer: While the individual DERs may have their own transformers, the aggregated power at the intermediate station will likely pass through another transformer to adjust the voltage for the next stage of the transmission or distribution network. This step-up or step-down transformer must be sized for the total capacity of the aggregated DERs.
Metering: A revenue meter is installed to precisely measure the total power contributed to the grid, which is necessary for billing and reconciliation with the utility.
Grid-wide upgrades (if required)
Upgraded distribution feeders: The existing power lines may need to be reinforced or replaced to handle the increased current from multiple DERs, especially if they are designed to flow in only one direction.
System studies: The utility will need to conduct system planning studies to evaluate the impact of the DERs on the grid. These studies will determine the specific equipment and upgrades required to maintain grid stability.
Reactive power support: As more intermittent resources like solar and wind connect, they reduce the grid’s natural inertia and voltage stability. The system may require dedicated equipment, like synchronous condensers or static VAR compensators, to provide reactive power support.
The integration process
Feasibility studies: The process begins with a technical evaluation to determine the impact of the proposed DERs on the local grid.
Interconnection agreement: The project owner signs an agreement with the utility that details all the technical requirements and specifies ownership of the interconnection equipment.
Procurement and installation: The required transformers, switchgear, protection relays, and communication equipment are procured and installed according to the agreement and industry standards like IEEE 1547.
Commissioning and testing: A commissioning process verifies that all components are functioning correctly and that the system can safely operate in parallel with the grid.
Operation and maintenance: Ongoing monitoring and maintenance ensure the DERs continue to operate safely and reliably.
The AI expandes on the comment 2025-10-08 08:40 Andrea Rossi
Here is what the AI makes of this comment
The comment describes the operation of a distributed generation system, a modern approach to power distribution that integrates smaller, localized power sources into the main electrical grid. Instead of relying solely on large, central power plants, this setup uses a network of generators to increase reliability, efficiency, and flexibility.
System components and their functions
22 kV units of 1 MW: These are distributed energy resources (DERs)—small-scale power generators that are situated closer to where electricity is consumed.
The “22 kV units of 1 MW” are a classic example of DERs. This decentralized model differs from traditional power plants, which operate at a massive scale and are located far from consumers. DERs are typically smaller, often using renewable energy sources like wind or solar, and connect at the distribution or sub-transmission level.
Voltage (22 kV): This voltage level is standard for sub-transmission or medium-voltage distribution systems, a step down from the high-voltage lines that transmit power over long distances.
Medium voltage integration: A voltage of 22 kV is considered medium-voltage, a common level for power distribution in urban and densely populated areas. The small, decentralized power units inject their output directly into this distribution network, bypassing the bulk, high-voltage transmission system.
Power (1 MW): A 1-megawatt rating is relatively small in the context of the overall grid, but it is a significant amount of power for a localized or intermediate station. These 1 MW units are connected at multiple points to strengthen the network.
Intermediate power line stations: These are collector substations that aggregate the power from multiple distributed energy resources. They serve as crucial junctions for integrating these smaller power sources into the broader electrical network.
Merge in their current flow: This refers to the process of paralleling the electrical output from multiple generators into a single bus at the substation. To do this, the generators must be synchronized to match their voltage, phase angle, and frequency. This is a critical step to ensure a smooth, stable, and safe combination of power.
Treated in their transformers: After merging, the combined power is sent through transformers at the intermediate station. The purpose of this step is to step-up the voltage for more efficient transmission over longer distances. The electricity might then be passed on to a higher-voltage sub-transmission network or directly to local customers.
Transformers at the station: The transformers at the intermediate station perform a vital role. They can “step up” the consolidated 22 kV power to a higher sub-transmission voltage (e.g., 69 kV or 138 kV) if it needs to be sent to a larger substation. The transformers also isolate the different power sources from each other, which helps with system stability.
Broader industry context
Grid modernization: This setup is part of a larger trend toward modernizing the traditional power grid. By adding distributed resources, utilities are creating a more resilient and responsive system.
This network can quickly reroute power and isolate problems during an outage, rather than causing a widespread blackout.
Integration of renewables: This model is increasingly important for integrating renewable energy sources like wind and solar. Because renewable energy is often decentralized and intermittent, it requires a flexible grid with collection points to manage its integration. The intermediate stations serve this purpose, collecting power from multiple renewable sites and stabilizing it before it reaches the main grid.
Enhanced resilience and reliability: Having multiple, smaller power sources distributed across the grid increases its resilience. If a large central power plant fails, the smaller units can continue to supply power locally. If the main grid experiences an outage, a microgrid could “island” itself and continue to operate autonomously.
Improved power quality: Distributed generation can also improve power quality by reducing strain on aging generators and transmission lines. By producing power locally, energy losses over long distances are reduced.
Grid management and modernization
Balancing and control: A growing number of DERs poses new challenges for grid operators. As the comment mentions merging current flows, it points toward the need for control and synchronization. To ensure the merged currents don’t cancel each other out, they must be properly synchronized. This requires sophisticated management to balance load and generation.
Digital substations: The integration of multiple power flows is increasingly managed by intelligent digital devices at the substation. “Merging units” (MUs) collect the analog data from instrument transformers, digitize it, and send it over a fiber-optic network to control and protection devices. This digital approach improves reliability and efficiency.
Improved resilience and reliability: A network with many smaller, distributed power sources is generally more resilient than one relying on a few large plants. If one small 1 MW unit goes down, it has a minimal impact on the overall power supply, unlike the failure of a large, centralized power plant.
Intermittency and storage: Many DERs, especially solar and wind, produce intermittent power. The phrase “intermediate power line stations” may refer to facilities designed to manage this variable output. Integration with battery storage systems at these stations can help smooth out power fluctuations and provide a more stable supply to the grid.
Strategic context
Decarbonization: This type of deployment is a key element of grid decarbonization strategies. By integrating many smaller renewable units, utilities can reduce their reliance on large fossil fuel-fired plants.
Utility modernization: For grid operators, the integration of 1 MW units signals a shift away from a simple, unidirectional power flow to a more complex, bidirectional system. This requires new investments in grid hardware and software to monitor and manage these new resources effectively.
Investment in infrastructure: Implementing a system like this requires investments not only in the 1 MW units themselves, but also in the intermediate substations, grid communication systems, and software to handle the complex power flows.
Dear dr Andrea Rossi,
The COP of the Ecat systems connected to the intermediate power line stations will be the same of the single modules, or lower, or higher ?
Italo R.:
The 22 kV units of 1 MW will supply intermediate power line stations and will merge in their current flow, to be treated in their transformers.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
if I may ask, and provided this is not confidential, is it correct to assume that the 22 kV units under construction will supply exclusively AC electricity (low or medium voltage) to existing 22 kV high-voltage output transformers connected to the grid?
Otherwise, also supplying such a transformer would likely be cost-prohibitive.
My opinion:
Current production capacity is certainly extremely limited, and the priority is focused on the production of 22 kV units.
All industrial and human resources are currently dedicated to this goal, making it impractical to manage micro-orders for individual small units.
I have also often considered the enormous amount of human resources that would be required to provide effective customer service to those who have placed small orders.
Consequently, delivery of these materials will, in my opinion, only occur after sales of 22 kV units stabilize and the production lines are subsequently upgraded to fulfill pre-orders, a process that could take years.
With the advent of the 22Kv strategy by the partner, the need to produce retail NGU systems no longer exists. Dr, Rossi still may feel a need to support his followers with an eventual retail product offering but the 22Kv system is more than able to transform world power production to overunity energy. It would be difficult for the partner to setup a retail NGU offering since every customer of a 10 watt core will demand support from the partner for that micro sized reactor,. Because of this distraction from 22Kv production, the partner will not begin retail production and sales of the low powered unit. The rule of economies of scale will prompt the partner to offer 22Kv systems exclusively to the market. The partner will bring tried and true production and marketing savy to the NGU marketplace.
If retail sales and service of the NGU cores does occur, an effective strategy that the enemies of the NGU system might employ is a denial of service gambit. NGU competitors and trolls would buy many small NGU retail units that would allow them to command support from the partner in order to distract the partner from penetrating the energy production marketplace.
Thanks for the info on the latest synchronous converter technology.
By equipping this inverter technology with a regulation that prevents Ecat from being overloaded, a formidable solution seems to be close!
Do you see any existing possibilities here?
Sam:
Thank you for the link: Prof. Brian Josephson is the most intelligent and intellectually honest person I had the honor to talk with,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Rodney Nicholson:
Depending on the specific situations, when it will be opportune we will supply the necessary instructions to allow a certified electrician to make correctly the installation,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
For local, grid-independent distributed power systems, costs will be controlled by the community itself through direct ownership of the power production equipment and decision-making, in contrast to the external regulation by a utility commission. The specific control mechanism depends on the ownership structure of the system as agreed upon by the local community.
Cost control models for local power production
Consumer-owned cooperative or municipal utility concepts
A consumer-owned or municipal utility operates on a non-profit basis, and members or residents have a voice in its operation. This structure uses democratic principles to set electricity rates.
Direct oversight: Unlike large, investor-owned utilities, these entities are typically not regulated by state public utility commissions (PUCs).
Cost recovery: The rates are designed to cover the utility’s operational costs and investments, but since there is no profit motive, costs are passed directly to the consumers in a transparent manner.
Informed members: These organizations must educate their members about the costs and benefits of different investment decisions, such as building a new microgrid or investing in overunity energy.
Private developer or community-owned system
In this model, an independent entity builds and operates the distributed generation system. The cost control depends on the financial agreement with the community or individual customers.
Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs): The community or a group of customers can enter into a long-term contract with the developer to purchase NGU generators of electricity at a predetermined, stable payback rate. This shields consumers from market volatility.
Cost recovery and risk: The developer would manage the risks and financing, recovering their investment and operational costs over the life of the PPA.
Competition: Multiple local energy developers could potentially compete for contracts, driving down prices for communities.
Key factors influencing local power costs
Investment and infrastructure costs: The initial capital required to build the generation and storage facilities would be a primary driver of rates, similar to traditional utility rate bases.
Financing: The cost of capital (how the project is funded) would influence the total cost passed on to consumers.
Operation and maintenance (O&M): The ongoing expenses for maintaining the system, managing energy flow, and other daily tasks would be included in the cost structure.
Economies of scale: Small, isolated community systems may lack the economies of scale that larger regional grids enjoy, which could potentially lead to higher costs.
Risk management: Isolated microgrids need robust storage and backup solutions to ensure reliability, and the costs for these components would be borne by the community. On a larger grid, this risk is diversified across a much larger area.
The cost control challenge
The shift from a centralized, regulated model to a decentralized, local one fundamentally changes the mechanism of cost control. Instead of relying on a state commission, the local community must be directly involved in the governance, procurement, and management of its power system to control costs effectively.
In the past you have mentioned that when Ecats are to be installed, the services of a qualified professional electrician will be necessary to assure safety and compliance with local regulations.
My question is whether fully qualified electricians will need additional training in order to successfully install Ecats in a residence. Or whether their existing qualifications will be sufficient.
If additional training will be necessary, could you please let us know how an electrician would be able to access such training.
We are all eagerly looking forward to the unveiling of your world-changing innovation. Things will never be the same again!
The 22Kv power source connecting to the existing local community electrical network is an effective strategy for mitigating the issues that Grid expansion poses toward future power distribution. The 22Kv NGU solution not only eliminates the need for the Grid, but also removes the need for dam power production, wind and solar farms, and various other thermal power sources such as nuclear, coal, gas thermal power generation.
Wildfires caused by grid incidence will also be mitigated.
The total economic cost of wildfires in the U.S. is estimated to be between $394 billion and $893 billion annually, according to a 2023 U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee analysis. This significant range reflects the broad economic impacts, including damage to property and infrastructure, health impacts from smoke, loss of income, and costs associated with firefighting and post-fire recovery.
Major investment in the global electric power grid is needed in the coming decades to fund expansion and modernization, with costs expected to reach trillions of dollars. The necessary upgrades are driven by increasing demand from electrification and the need to integrate more renewable energy sources.
Global cost projections:
The International Energy Agency (IEA) reports that global energy investment is set to reach a record $3.3 trillion in 2025. Key takeaways include:
Clean energy will receive an estimated $2.2 trillion of this investment, or double the amount for fossil fuels, although progress is uneven across regions.
Investment in grids, storage, renewables, and nuclear power is expected to total $2.2 trillion in 2025, while spending on oil, natural gas, and coal will be $1.1 trillion.
While clean energy investment is growing, significant gaps remain, especially in developing economies. For example, Africa receives only 2% of global clean energy investment despite having 20% of the world’s population.
Nation security is increased when the Grid is marginalized through the use of distributed local power production. Hacker disruption of grid funcion is eliminated through distributed local electric power production.
The NGU will save money related just to upcoming Grid expansion.
Substantial investment is required for grid expansion, with global estimates ranging from $2.5 trillion to over $21 trillion by 2050, depending on net-zero goals. A more rapid, clean-energy transition scenario could require investments peaking at $870 billion per year in the 2030s. For the US alone, modernization and expansion are estimated to cost anywhere from $1.4 trillion to $7 trillion through 2050.
Long-distance power transmission results in an average 5% loss of electricity in the U.S., which increases with distance and depends on the resistance of the wires, which aluminum uses to reduce weight but increases by requiring a larger diameter, a trade-off that reduces cost and tower strength at the expense of higher total power loss.
How much power is lost on the grid for long-distance power?
Average loss: In the U.S., about 5% of electricity is lost during transmission and distribution, though this amount can vary.
Factors affecting loss: The total energy lost increases with the distance the electricity travels.
Mechanism of loss: Electricity dissipates as heat due to the resistance of the power lines.
How does aluminum long-haul wire add to inefficiency?
Higher resistance: Aluminum has higher electrical resistance than copper, meaning more power is lost as heat for the same wire size.
Larger diameter: To carry the same amount of current as a copper wire, an aluminum wire must be larger in diameter.
Weight vs. conductivity:While aluminum is lighter and has a better conductivity-to-weight ratio, its higher resistance necessitates thicker wires, increasing the total material and potentially the overall power loss.
Oxidation: In old transmission lines, aluminum is more prone to forming an insulating oxide layer, which adds to the wire’s resistance and can lead to connection failures.
Cost vs. efficiency trade-off:
Aluminum is chosen for long-distance transmission because its lower cost and lighter weight are appealing for large-scale projects, even though it means larger, heavier wires that increase resistance and energy loss compared to copper wire.
Will your licensee be using synchroverter technology?
Max AC output power 20kW
Max grid voltage 251V
It seems to me that this improvement in inverter technology is the way to connect NGUs to the grid via a step-up transformer when manufacturing for the mass market and the future.
@2025-10-06 03:01 Svein
Regarding “AI superclusters” power production costs, the high efficiency (90% – 95%) of the NGU power source compared to the cost of power from gas or a nuclear source (40%) will add a multiplication factor of about 2.5 times the cost per kilowatt against comparable standard thermal based generation costs including fuel costs.
For example in the UK, a new power plant called “Hinkley Point C” is planned. This is expected to cost 46 billion pounds. That will be approximately $ 18,000 for each kW of power. Leonardo C. has stated the price for equivalent Ecat capacity at $ 2,500/kW. By including efficiency into the comparison, the effective cost per kW is actually $45,000 per each kW of power delivered to a “AI superclusters” for thermal power production. There is an additional cost for cooling for water pumping an cooling fan power of 2.5%.
I don’t think the Ecat will save us money, perhaps only initially; then the government will burden us with taxes to compensate for the loss of revenue from excise duties and various taxes on fossil fuels.
The true beneficiaries of this great discovery will be the planet and public health.
Instead of money, however, we will have many other conveniences, such as the ability to have electricity in homes far from residential areas, to have a pocket power bank without almost ever having to recharge it, to make a camper or boat truly self-sufficient, to be able to use the TV or barbecue in the garden without hideous and dangerous extension cords, etc., etc.
Welcome, Ecat, money isn’t everything 🙂
We look forward to having you here
@Axil
As you can see from your post of October 4th at 16:05, “AI superclusters” are required to provide the necessary electricity and cooling themselves to avoid affecting existing networks.
This is currently only about establishing nuclear power plants, which are the only option for data centers, as these need a constant supply around the clock. Ecat is not considered as an alternative in any official documents. New nuclear power plants are also currently only in the planning stage.
In the UK, a new power plant called “Hinkley Point C” is planned. This is expected to cost 46 billion pounds. That will be approximately $ 18,000 for each kW of power. Leonardo C. has stated the price for equivalent Ecat capacity at $ 2,500. “Hinkley Point B”, which was completed in 1995, cost approximately $ 8,300/kW of capacity. The cost difference here comes mainly from today’s increased safety requirements.
New nuclear power plants planned in Finland and France will cost about half of the HPC.
Other safety considerations in these nations make this possible.
Similar ones planned in South Korea: “Shin Kori 384” and “Sin Kori 586”, will cost about 1/6 of the HPC. These will then cost about what is calculated for Ecat’s kW output.
In the USA, nuclear power plants such as “Voglete-3&4” have a calculated price range of about $ 12,500/kW output.
In the “Paris Agreement”, nearly 200 nations have an agreed goal of achieving “0” CO2 emissions by 20250.
This goal has long seemed impossible to achieve. Ecat stands for me as the only practical option.
I therefore have no faith that humanity will let this opportunity pass.
The impact of achieving this goal seems too important to ignore.
I therefore expect that Ecat, who seems TGTBT, nevertheless are crucial for a better future for humanity, after today’s leading residents and innovators “have done their part” to prevent emissions from harmful energy sources and an extensive transportation system consisting of both cables, pipes and mobile energy containers.
Dr Rossi,
Do you think that the prices of the Ecat will be updated calculating the officially recognized inflation of the US dollar since the date of the pre-orders ? The inflation in the USA during the last year has not been irrilevant.
Thank you for the October update. I could not be more excited for your first commercial shipments. I applaud that the first installations will be likely highly controlled. I have no doubt that villains will consider staging e-cat disasters if they get their hands on units.
I can’t wait to hear about the current (i.e. watts) associated with 22 kV.
Anonymous:
I never wrote or said, let alone guarantee, that the Ecats will be delivered to all the persons that sent a pre-order within the year 2025.
I wrote and said that possibly the deliveries of the Ecats could initiate within the year 2025, and I still suppose, albeit this issue does not depend on Leonardo Corporation, that the deliveries will start within the end of the 2025.
The first pre-order has been made by the corporation that eventually became the global licensee of Leonardo Corporation, and does not depend on Leonardo Corporation when the following deliveries will be completed.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
The small subcomponent NGU systems’ design is full proof and can meet any system reliability and availability requirements no matter how many subcomponents that the system design may call for.
The small subcomponent systems’ design of the NGU is the most cost effective advantage that the NGU systems design has over the large single component availability design of a 35 megawatt gas turbine.
I have posted on how to achieve high system availability by including additional spare components in the clusters here:
@Axil,
I understand what you wrote AXIL, but here is my answer.
Thanks to Rossi, soon the AI Superclusters will be obsolete for at least these reasons:
1. With the current 10W NGU units, thinking of setting up a 1 GW power plant with 100 million 10W NGUs is a true folly because, as is known, the probability of damage is exponential according to the number of components of every system. This means having to substitute an enormous number of units every minute to guarantee the required power. An example; if we turned on 100 million 10 W LED lamps (guaranteed for 50,000 hours each) how many would break in the first 10 minutes? Perhaps the LEDs last 50,000 hours but the minimal electronics that turn them on truly no, we have all noticed it, in reality an average LED lamp lasts much less than expected.
2. The current NGUs cannot yet be inserted into a chip but surely some, for a few hundred W, can be inserted into the PBC cards that contain them or into their rack mount enclosures. In short, every unit will have its own power supply.
3. Fortunately, there are still few Superclusters, while there are surely billions of instruments in homes, in mobile systems, power tools, cell phones that are waiting for nothing else than generators between 5kW and 10W.
4. If the Global Licensee wastes time, (because they truly waste it!) setting up megawatt units, some other Enterprise that will purchase the first NGUs will certainly copy them, bypassing any patent, to become the world producer for small powers.
Regards, Neri
There is a new class of electrical power users whose need for electrical power far exceeds anything that the grid can support. This class is called “AI Superclusters”. The large units of this class are installing their own gigawatt level power stations and water plants which now produce power using natural gas or nuclear generation technologies.
The NGU is an ideal replacement power technology for this type of energy user. The scaleup process for the NGU will reach the gigawatt level to meet the power production requirements for the AI superclusters.
This inevitability is why I have recommended that a new class of NGU power system be invented to meet the needs of the AI superclusters. If the NGU function is integrated into the AI chip manufactures’ designs by companies like Nvidia, AMD, and Apple, and large-scale fabrication by dedicated foundries such as TSMC and Samsung produce these chips, then the demand for supercluster power might be met since there will be a direct relationship between the AI chip and their NGU power source; so power production scaleup is baked into chip production. AI technology is now a top priority of the worlds commercial and governmental decisionmakers’. If chip NGU integration is not done, then the NGU will be forced into dedicated power production for the AI superclusters and neither retail or grid users will ever see a NGU system installed to meet their needs.
Hello Dr. Rossi,
When will the electricity supplier, the financing bank, the manufacturer and operator of the production facilities reveal their names to the public?
1) As soon as the first ecats are deployed at the electricity supplier.
2) As soon as the first ecats are delivered to end customers, hence later.
3) It will be kept secret for as long as possible.
Best regards,
R. Brand
Normally, electric items should be protected or secured. To prevent against accidentally being struck by a falling object or in the event of an earthquake or other natural movement – tornado, etc., from being moved or turned over.
This could be done by placing the device in a protective container. For example, placing the generating unit in a safe located in a vehicle traveling around a closed course.
Or, the generating device could be securely tied to a structure, like a wall or shelf.
This could be facilitated by the manufacturer by simply adding legs or providing predrilled and tapped holes on the side or sides of the Power Generator.
Or, there could be predetermined locations on the generator body where the user could safely drill and tap holes, with suitable instructions and warnings.
Lastly, the user could have user-designed and provided hold down clamps or similar items that could be used to secure the Power Generator.
I will wait to see what brilliant method your Partners arrive at to meet this need.
I’m starting to get very worried. If the licensee’s legitimate interest is to supply 20- or 22-kW products, and these start feeding into the grid, my, our dream of going off-grid, of witnessing a democratization of energy, may no longer be realized. I hope Andrea’s comment proves me wrong. May start another “energycratization”
Dear Andrea,
The evolution of computers should have made it clear that “scale down” is the way forward, from main frame to personal computers, to smart phones, and now smart watches and smart rings too. So, as “Chief Scientist,” you should make the Global Licensee understand that “scale down” from 5 kW to 10 W or less is the way forward, not “scale up” to 1 MW, even if “clean” but with large, long cables, pylons, and transformers, to carry energy where it’s needed, as we do now.
Andrea, you will be eternally remembered for having freed humanity and the environment from the “energy grid” (not just electricity), not for having built a multi-MW power plant.
Neri
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Normally the Ecat shouldn’t need to be secured, but obviously this issue depend on the specific situations and assemblies configurations.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
How are the NGU Power Generators mechanically secured to external structures? For example, threaded mounting holes in one or more faces? Or, is the user required to develop a clamp devise to positionally secure the Power Generator(s)?
Steven Nicholes Karels:
In the datasheet shown in http://www.ecat.com the three dimensions are, respectively, length, width and height; obviously the height is the vertical one. In the assemblies the height is the sum of the modules piled up.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr. Rossi,
Is the partner involved in developing an plan for integrating the 22Kw system into the grid? Will this integration process be required for each national or local grid into which the 22Kw system is to be installed?
More on DER system’s integration from the AI as follows:
The comment “The 22 kV units of 1 MW will supply intermediate power line stations and will merge in their current flow, to be treated in their transformers” outlines a specific, medium-voltage (MV) grid connection scenario.
While a small-scale DER might only require a single, dedicated transformer, your described setup involves multiple 1 MW units feeding into “intermediate power line stations” before merging. This implies a more complex system for managing and synchronizing the power flow from several sources before stepping it up or down for the wider grid.
Here is what that implies:
A complex aggregation point: The “intermediate power line stations” are aggregation points where the output of multiple 1 MW DERs is collected. This requires sophisticated coordination to ensure their currents merge without causing grid instability.
Potential for grid issues: Integrating multiple 1 MW sources at a single point can introduce technical challenges, such as voltage fluctuations, power quality issues (harmonics), and the potential for “unintentional islanding,” where a section of the grid remains energized by the DERs after the main grid has gone down.
A “grid-supporting” role: Modern DERs, particularly those above a certain size (like 1 MW), are no longer passive power sources. They are often required to actively participate in grid management by providing services such as voltage regulation and frequency support.
Additional equipment required for DER integration
Integrating these units safely and reliably requires a comprehensive set of additional equipment beyond the DERs’ generation and transformation capabilities.
At the DER site (for each 1 MW unit)
Inverter and power conditioning systems: If the DER uses a DC source (like solar or a battery), an inverter is needed to convert the power to AC. Modern, “advanced” inverters with “grid-forming” capabilities are critical for providing voltage and frequency ride-through and supporting grid stability.
Interface protection relays: These devices are a critical safety feature. They are programmed to detect abnormal grid conditions, such as voltage or frequency deviations, and automatically disconnect the DER to protect both the grid and personnel.
Local switchgear: A switchgear panel at each DER site houses the breakers, switches, and relays. A visible, lockable disconnect switch is required to allow utility personnel to physically isolate the DER for maintenance.
Control and communication interface (RTU): To allow remote monitoring and control, especially for larger facilities, a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) is necessary to communicate with the utility’s Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system.
At the intermediate power line station (the aggregation point)
Collection bus and switchgear: The individual DER power lines will terminate here and connect to a common bus. This requires robust medium-voltage switchgear to combine the current flows and provide switching capability for maintenance or emergencies.
Advanced protection relays: A higher level of protection is needed at this aggregation point. This may include directional overcurrent protection to prevent power from back-feeding into a faulted section of the grid, as well as relays for voltage and frequency protection.
System-level control: A master control system may be required to coordinate the output of all the connected DERs, manage their response to grid signals, and optimize their combined performance.
Substation transformer: While the individual DERs may have their own transformers, the aggregated power at the intermediate station will likely pass through another transformer to adjust the voltage for the next stage of the transmission or distribution network. This step-up or step-down transformer must be sized for the total capacity of the aggregated DERs.
Metering: A revenue meter is installed to precisely measure the total power contributed to the grid, which is necessary for billing and reconciliation with the utility.
Grid-wide upgrades (if required)
Upgraded distribution feeders: The existing power lines may need to be reinforced or replaced to handle the increased current from multiple DERs, especially if they are designed to flow in only one direction.
System studies: The utility will need to conduct system planning studies to evaluate the impact of the DERs on the grid. These studies will determine the specific equipment and upgrades required to maintain grid stability.
Reactive power support: As more intermittent resources like solar and wind connect, they reduce the grid’s natural inertia and voltage stability. The system may require dedicated equipment, like synchronous condensers or static VAR compensators, to provide reactive power support.
The integration process
Feasibility studies: The process begins with a technical evaluation to determine the impact of the proposed DERs on the local grid.
Interconnection agreement: The project owner signs an agreement with the utility that details all the technical requirements and specifies ownership of the interconnection equipment.
Procurement and installation: The required transformers, switchgear, protection relays, and communication equipment are procured and installed according to the agreement and industry standards like IEEE 1547.
Commissioning and testing: A commissioning process verifies that all components are functioning correctly and that the system can safely operate in parallel with the grid.
Operation and maintenance: Ongoing monitoring and maintenance ensure the DERs continue to operate safely and reliably.
The AI expandes on the comment 2025-10-08 08:40 Andrea Rossi
Here is what the AI makes of this comment
The comment describes the operation of a distributed generation system, a modern approach to power distribution that integrates smaller, localized power sources into the main electrical grid. Instead of relying solely on large, central power plants, this setup uses a network of generators to increase reliability, efficiency, and flexibility.
System components and their functions
22 kV units of 1 MW: These are distributed energy resources (DERs)—small-scale power generators that are situated closer to where electricity is consumed.
The “22 kV units of 1 MW” are a classic example of DERs. This decentralized model differs from traditional power plants, which operate at a massive scale and are located far from consumers. DERs are typically smaller, often using renewable energy sources like wind or solar, and connect at the distribution or sub-transmission level.
Voltage (22 kV): This voltage level is standard for sub-transmission or medium-voltage distribution systems, a step down from the high-voltage lines that transmit power over long distances.
Medium voltage integration: A voltage of 22 kV is considered medium-voltage, a common level for power distribution in urban and densely populated areas. The small, decentralized power units inject their output directly into this distribution network, bypassing the bulk, high-voltage transmission system.
Power (1 MW): A 1-megawatt rating is relatively small in the context of the overall grid, but it is a significant amount of power for a localized or intermediate station. These 1 MW units are connected at multiple points to strengthen the network.
Intermediate power line stations: These are collector substations that aggregate the power from multiple distributed energy resources. They serve as crucial junctions for integrating these smaller power sources into the broader electrical network.
Merge in their current flow: This refers to the process of paralleling the electrical output from multiple generators into a single bus at the substation. To do this, the generators must be synchronized to match their voltage, phase angle, and frequency. This is a critical step to ensure a smooth, stable, and safe combination of power.
Treated in their transformers: After merging, the combined power is sent through transformers at the intermediate station. The purpose of this step is to step-up the voltage for more efficient transmission over longer distances. The electricity might then be passed on to a higher-voltage sub-transmission network or directly to local customers.
Transformers at the station: The transformers at the intermediate station perform a vital role. They can “step up” the consolidated 22 kV power to a higher sub-transmission voltage (e.g., 69 kV or 138 kV) if it needs to be sent to a larger substation. The transformers also isolate the different power sources from each other, which helps with system stability.
Broader industry context
Grid modernization: This setup is part of a larger trend toward modernizing the traditional power grid. By adding distributed resources, utilities are creating a more resilient and responsive system.
This network can quickly reroute power and isolate problems during an outage, rather than causing a widespread blackout.
Integration of renewables: This model is increasingly important for integrating renewable energy sources like wind and solar. Because renewable energy is often decentralized and intermittent, it requires a flexible grid with collection points to manage its integration. The intermediate stations serve this purpose, collecting power from multiple renewable sites and stabilizing it before it reaches the main grid.
Enhanced resilience and reliability: Having multiple, smaller power sources distributed across the grid increases its resilience. If a large central power plant fails, the smaller units can continue to supply power locally. If the main grid experiences an outage, a microgrid could “island” itself and continue to operate autonomously.
Improved power quality: Distributed generation can also improve power quality by reducing strain on aging generators and transmission lines. By producing power locally, energy losses over long distances are reduced.
Grid management and modernization
Balancing and control: A growing number of DERs poses new challenges for grid operators. As the comment mentions merging current flows, it points toward the need for control and synchronization. To ensure the merged currents don’t cancel each other out, they must be properly synchronized. This requires sophisticated management to balance load and generation.
Digital substations: The integration of multiple power flows is increasingly managed by intelligent digital devices at the substation. “Merging units” (MUs) collect the analog data from instrument transformers, digitize it, and send it over a fiber-optic network to control and protection devices. This digital approach improves reliability and efficiency.
Improved resilience and reliability: A network with many smaller, distributed power sources is generally more resilient than one relying on a few large plants. If one small 1 MW unit goes down, it has a minimal impact on the overall power supply, unlike the failure of a large, centralized power plant.
Intermittency and storage: Many DERs, especially solar and wind, produce intermittent power. The phrase “intermediate power line stations” may refer to facilities designed to manage this variable output. Integration with battery storage systems at these stations can help smooth out power fluctuations and provide a more stable supply to the grid.
Strategic context
Decarbonization: This type of deployment is a key element of grid decarbonization strategies. By integrating many smaller renewable units, utilities can reduce their reliance on large fossil fuel-fired plants.
Utility modernization: For grid operators, the integration of 1 MW units signals a shift away from a simple, unidirectional power flow to a more complex, bidirectional system. This requires new investments in grid hardware and software to monitor and manage these new resources effectively.
Investment in infrastructure: Implementing a system like this requires investments not only in the 1 MW units themselves, but also in the intermediate substations, grid communication systems, and software to handle the complex power flows.
Dear dr Andrea Rossi,
The COP of the Ecat systems connected to the intermediate power line stations will be the same of the single modules, or lower, or higher ?
Dr Rossi,
Are the prices of the Ecats going to be raised ?
Italo R.:
The 22 kV units of 1 MW will supply intermediate power line stations and will merge in their current flow, to be treated in their transformers.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
if I may ask, and provided this is not confidential, is it correct to assume that the 22 kV units under construction will supply exclusively AC electricity (low or medium voltage) to existing 22 kV high-voltage output transformers connected to the grid?
Otherwise, also supplying such a transformer would likely be cost-prohibitive.
Kind regards,
Italo R.
To all readers:
My opinion:
Current production capacity is certainly extremely limited, and the priority is focused on the production of 22 kV units.
All industrial and human resources are currently dedicated to this goal, making it impractical to manage micro-orders for individual small units.
I have also often considered the enormous amount of human resources that would be required to provide effective customer service to those who have placed small orders.
Consequently, delivery of these materials will, in my opinion, only occur after sales of 22 kV units stabilize and the production lines are subsequently upgraded to fulfill pre-orders, a process that could take years.
Kind Regards
Italo R.
With the advent of the 22Kv strategy by the partner, the need to produce retail NGU systems no longer exists. Dr, Rossi still may feel a need to support his followers with an eventual retail product offering but the 22Kv system is more than able to transform world power production to overunity energy. It would be difficult for the partner to setup a retail NGU offering since every customer of a 10 watt core will demand support from the partner for that micro sized reactor,. Because of this distraction from 22Kv production, the partner will not begin retail production and sales of the low powered unit. The rule of economies of scale will prompt the partner to offer 22Kv systems exclusively to the market. The partner will bring tried and true production and marketing savy to the NGU marketplace.
If retail sales and service of the NGU cores does occur, an effective strategy that the enemies of the NGU system might employ is a denial of service gambit. NGU competitors and trolls would buy many small NGU retail units that would allow them to command support from the partner in order to distract the partner from penetrating the energy production marketplace.
Sam:
Thank you for the links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
An explanation of 2025 Physics Nobel Price.
https://youtu.be/U1Q8C5jc9kM?si=KzKeMq3cNrRb6YQv
2025 Nobel Prize in Physics.
https://youtu.be/D5-nwtItJQ0?si=Z12K1_2qH_USP5iZ
Dear Paul Dodgshun
Thanks for the info on the latest synchronous converter technology.
By equipping this inverter technology with a regulation that prevents Ecat from being overloaded, a formidable solution seems to be close!
Do you see any existing possibilities here?
Regards: Svein
Sam:
Thank you for the link: Prof. Brian Josephson is the most intelligent and intellectually honest person I had the honor to talk with,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello DR Rossi
Nobel Prize Winner
Brian Josephson.
https://youtu.be/uXG1205uugY?si=gmhkyMAzDt_yPQXM
Regards
Sam
Rodney Nicholson:
Depending on the specific situations, when it will be opportune we will supply the necessary instructions to allow a certified electrician to make correctly the installation,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
For local, grid-independent distributed power systems, costs will be controlled by the community itself through direct ownership of the power production equipment and decision-making, in contrast to the external regulation by a utility commission. The specific control mechanism depends on the ownership structure of the system as agreed upon by the local community.
Cost control models for local power production
Consumer-owned cooperative or municipal utility concepts
A consumer-owned or municipal utility operates on a non-profit basis, and members or residents have a voice in its operation. This structure uses democratic principles to set electricity rates.
Direct oversight: Unlike large, investor-owned utilities, these entities are typically not regulated by state public utility commissions (PUCs).
Cost recovery: The rates are designed to cover the utility’s operational costs and investments, but since there is no profit motive, costs are passed directly to the consumers in a transparent manner.
Informed members: These organizations must educate their members about the costs and benefits of different investment decisions, such as building a new microgrid or investing in overunity energy.
Private developer or community-owned system
In this model, an independent entity builds and operates the distributed generation system. The cost control depends on the financial agreement with the community or individual customers.
Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs): The community or a group of customers can enter into a long-term contract with the developer to purchase NGU generators of electricity at a predetermined, stable payback rate. This shields consumers from market volatility.
Cost recovery and risk: The developer would manage the risks and financing, recovering their investment and operational costs over the life of the PPA.
Competition: Multiple local energy developers could potentially compete for contracts, driving down prices for communities.
Key factors influencing local power costs
Investment and infrastructure costs: The initial capital required to build the generation and storage facilities would be a primary driver of rates, similar to traditional utility rate bases.
Financing: The cost of capital (how the project is funded) would influence the total cost passed on to consumers.
Operation and maintenance (O&M): The ongoing expenses for maintaining the system, managing energy flow, and other daily tasks would be included in the cost structure.
Economies of scale: Small, isolated community systems may lack the economies of scale that larger regional grids enjoy, which could potentially lead to higher costs.
Risk management: Isolated microgrids need robust storage and backup solutions to ensure reliability, and the costs for these components would be borne by the community. On a larger grid, this risk is diversified across a much larger area.
The cost control challenge
The shift from a centralized, regulated model to a decentralized, local one fundamentally changes the mechanism of cost control. Instead of relying on a state commission, the local community must be directly involved in the governance, procurement, and management of its power system to control costs effectively.
Hi Andrea:
In the past you have mentioned that when Ecats are to be installed, the services of a qualified professional electrician will be necessary to assure safety and compliance with local regulations.
My question is whether fully qualified electricians will need additional training in order to successfully install Ecats in a residence. Or whether their existing qualifications will be sufficient.
If additional training will be necessary, could you please let us know how an electrician would be able to access such training.
We are all eagerly looking forward to the unveiling of your world-changing innovation. Things will never be the same again!
My best wishes for a hugely successful roll-out.
Rodney.
The 22Kv power source connecting to the existing local community electrical network is an effective strategy for mitigating the issues that Grid expansion poses toward future power distribution. The 22Kv NGU solution not only eliminates the need for the Grid, but also removes the need for dam power production, wind and solar farms, and various other thermal power sources such as nuclear, coal, gas thermal power generation.
Wildfires caused by grid incidence will also be mitigated.
The total economic cost of wildfires in the U.S. is estimated to be between $394 billion and $893 billion annually, according to a 2023 U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee analysis. This significant range reflects the broad economic impacts, including damage to property and infrastructure, health impacts from smoke, loss of income, and costs associated with firefighting and post-fire recovery.
Major investment in the global electric power grid is needed in the coming decades to fund expansion and modernization, with costs expected to reach trillions of dollars. The necessary upgrades are driven by increasing demand from electrification and the need to integrate more renewable energy sources.
Global cost projections:
The International Energy Agency (IEA) reports that global energy investment is set to reach a record $3.3 trillion in 2025. Key takeaways include:
Clean energy will receive an estimated $2.2 trillion of this investment, or double the amount for fossil fuels, although progress is uneven across regions.
Investment in grids, storage, renewables, and nuclear power is expected to total $2.2 trillion in 2025, while spending on oil, natural gas, and coal will be $1.1 trillion.
While clean energy investment is growing, significant gaps remain, especially in developing economies. For example, Africa receives only 2% of global clean energy investment despite having 20% of the world’s population.
Nation security is increased when the Grid is marginalized through the use of distributed local power production. Hacker disruption of grid funcion is eliminated through distributed local electric power production.
The NGU will save money related just to upcoming Grid expansion.
Substantial investment is required for grid expansion, with global estimates ranging from $2.5 trillion to over $21 trillion by 2050, depending on net-zero goals. A more rapid, clean-energy transition scenario could require investments peaking at $870 billion per year in the 2030s. For the US alone, modernization and expansion are estimated to cost anywhere from $1.4 trillion to $7 trillion through 2050.
Long-distance power transmission results in an average 5% loss of electricity in the U.S., which increases with distance and depends on the resistance of the wires, which aluminum uses to reduce weight but increases by requiring a larger diameter, a trade-off that reduces cost and tower strength at the expense of higher total power loss.
How much power is lost on the grid for long-distance power?
Average loss: In the U.S., about 5% of electricity is lost during transmission and distribution, though this amount can vary.
Factors affecting loss: The total energy lost increases with the distance the electricity travels.
Mechanism of loss: Electricity dissipates as heat due to the resistance of the power lines.
How does aluminum long-haul wire add to inefficiency?
Higher resistance: Aluminum has higher electrical resistance than copper, meaning more power is lost as heat for the same wire size.
Larger diameter: To carry the same amount of current as a copper wire, an aluminum wire must be larger in diameter.
Weight vs. conductivity:While aluminum is lighter and has a better conductivity-to-weight ratio, its higher resistance necessitates thicker wires, increasing the total material and potentially the overall power loss.
Oxidation: In old transmission lines, aluminum is more prone to forming an insulating oxide layer, which adds to the wire’s resistance and can lead to connection failures.
Cost vs. efficiency trade-off:
Aluminum is chosen for long-distance transmission because its lower cost and lighter weight are appealing for large-scale projects, even though it means larger, heavier wires that increase resistance and energy loss compared to copper wire.
paul dodgshun:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
http://synchronverter.eu/pdf-files/Synchronverter_web_E.pdf
Will your licensee be using synchroverter technology?
Max AC output power 20kW
Max grid voltage 251V
It seems to me that this improvement in inverter technology is the way to connect NGUs to the grid via a step-up transformer when manufacturing for the mass market and the future.
@2025-10-06 03:01 Svein
Regarding “AI superclusters” power production costs, the high efficiency (90% – 95%) of the NGU power source compared to the cost of power from gas or a nuclear source (40%) will add a multiplication factor of about 2.5 times the cost per kilowatt against comparable standard thermal based generation costs including fuel costs.
For example in the UK, a new power plant called “Hinkley Point C” is planned. This is expected to cost 46 billion pounds. That will be approximately $ 18,000 for each kW of power. Leonardo C. has stated the price for equivalent Ecat capacity at $ 2,500/kW. By including efficiency into the comparison, the effective cost per kW is actually $45,000 per each kW of power delivered to a “AI superclusters” for thermal power production. There is an additional cost for cooling for water pumping an cooling fan power of 2.5%.
I don’t think the Ecat will save us money, perhaps only initially; then the government will burden us with taxes to compensate for the loss of revenue from excise duties and various taxes on fossil fuels.
The true beneficiaries of this great discovery will be the planet and public health.
Instead of money, however, we will have many other conveniences, such as the ability to have electricity in homes far from residential areas, to have a pocket power bank without almost ever having to recharge it, to make a camper or boat truly self-sufficient, to be able to use the TV or barbecue in the garden without hideous and dangerous extension cords, etc., etc.
Welcome, Ecat, money isn’t everything 🙂
We look forward to having you here
Anonymous:
The Ecat has nothing to do with wars; all we can do is prey God to make Peace restored in Ukraine and Palestine,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Giovanna:
Not that I am aware of, anyway that will not depend on Leonardo Corporation, let alone on me.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Axil
As you can see from your post of October 4th at 16:05, “AI superclusters” are required to provide the necessary electricity and cooling themselves to avoid affecting existing networks.
This is currently only about establishing nuclear power plants, which are the only option for data centers, as these need a constant supply around the clock. Ecat is not considered as an alternative in any official documents. New nuclear power plants are also currently only in the planning stage.
In the UK, a new power plant called “Hinkley Point C” is planned. This is expected to cost 46 billion pounds. That will be approximately $ 18,000 for each kW of power. Leonardo C. has stated the price for equivalent Ecat capacity at $ 2,500. “Hinkley Point B”, which was completed in 1995, cost approximately $ 8,300/kW of capacity. The cost difference here comes mainly from today’s increased safety requirements.
New nuclear power plants planned in Finland and France will cost about half of the HPC.
Other safety considerations in these nations make this possible.
Similar ones planned in South Korea: “Shin Kori 384” and “Sin Kori 586”, will cost about 1/6 of the HPC. These will then cost about what is calculated for Ecat’s kW output.
In the USA, nuclear power plants such as “Voglete-3&4” have a calculated price range of about $ 12,500/kW output.
In the “Paris Agreement”, nearly 200 nations have an agreed goal of achieving “0” CO2 emissions by 20250.
This goal has long seemed impossible to achieve. Ecat stands for me as the only practical option.
I therefore have no faith that humanity will let this opportunity pass.
The impact of achieving this goal seems too important to ignore.
I therefore expect that Ecat, who seems TGTBT, nevertheless are crucial for a better future for humanity, after today’s leading residents and innovators “have done their part” to prevent emissions from harmful energy sources and an extensive transportation system consisting of both cables, pipes and mobile energy containers.
Regards Svein
Dr Rossi,
Do you think that the prices of the Ecat will be updated calculating the officially recognized inflation of the US dollar since the date of the pre-orders ? The inflation in the USA during the last year has not been irrilevant.
Dr Rossi
Do you think the diffusion of the Ecat can play a role in the pursue of peace in Ukraine and Palestine ?
Greg Smith:
Thank you for your support,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Good luck to you Axil for your 35 megawatt power plant assembled with 3.5 million 10W NGU generator!!
Neri
Andrea,
Thank you for the October update. I could not be more excited for your first commercial shipments. I applaud that the first installations will be likely highly controlled. I have no doubt that villains will consider staging e-cat disasters if they get their hands on units.
I can’t wait to hear about the current (i.e. watts) associated with 22 kV.
Greg
Anonymous:
I never wrote or said, let alone guarantee, that the Ecats will be delivered to all the persons that sent a pre-order within the year 2025.
I wrote and said that possibly the deliveries of the Ecats could initiate within the year 2025, and I still suppose, albeit this issue does not depend on Leonardo Corporation, that the deliveries will start within the end of the 2025.
The first pre-order has been made by the corporation that eventually became the global licensee of Leonardo Corporation, and does not depend on Leonardo Corporation when the following deliveries will be completed.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi
Didn’t you guarantee that all the pre-orders will be delivered within the year 2025 ? Isn’t it true ?
@Neri Accornero
The small subcomponent NGU systems’ design is full proof and can meet any system reliability and availability requirements no matter how many subcomponents that the system design may call for.
The small subcomponent systems’ design of the NGU is the most cost effective advantage that the NGU systems design has over the large single component availability design of a 35 megawatt gas turbine.
I have posted on how to achieve high system availability by including additional spare components in the clusters here:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=881#comment-1702295
Ecat Enthusiast:
Not that I am aware of,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
@Axil,
I understand what you wrote AXIL, but here is my answer.
Thanks to Rossi, soon the AI Superclusters will be obsolete for at least these reasons:
1. With the current 10W NGU units, thinking of setting up a 1 GW power plant with 100 million 10W NGUs is a true folly because, as is known, the probability of damage is exponential according to the number of components of every system. This means having to substitute an enormous number of units every minute to guarantee the required power. An example; if we turned on 100 million 10 W LED lamps (guaranteed for 50,000 hours each) how many would break in the first 10 minutes? Perhaps the LEDs last 50,000 hours but the minimal electronics that turn them on truly no, we have all noticed it, in reality an average LED lamp lasts much less than expected.
2. The current NGUs cannot yet be inserted into a chip but surely some, for a few hundred W, can be inserted into the PBC cards that contain them or into their rack mount enclosures. In short, every unit will have its own power supply.
3. Fortunately, there are still few Superclusters, while there are surely billions of instruments in homes, in mobile systems, power tools, cell phones that are waiting for nothing else than generators between 5kW and 10W.
4. If the Global Licensee wastes time, (because they truly waste it!) setting up megawatt units, some other Enterprise that will purchase the first NGUs will certainly copy them, bypassing any patent, to become the world producer for small powers.
Regards, Neri
Dr. Rossi:
You published a very interesting October report. It is encouraging that you are still expecting delivery of the first Ecats in 2025.
One question: has the Leonardo global licensee any issues with reliability or stability of the units under test that need to be resolved?
Regards, Ecat Enthusiast
@Neri Accornero
There is a new class of electrical power users whose need for electrical power far exceeds anything that the grid can support. This class is called “AI Superclusters”. The large units of this class are installing their own gigawatt level power stations and water plants which now produce power using natural gas or nuclear generation technologies.
The NGU is an ideal replacement power technology for this type of energy user. The scaleup process for the NGU will reach the gigawatt level to meet the power production requirements for the AI superclusters.
This inevitability is why I have recommended that a new class of NGU power system be invented to meet the needs of the AI superclusters. If the NGU function is integrated into the AI chip manufactures’ designs by companies like Nvidia, AMD, and Apple, and large-scale fabrication by dedicated foundries such as TSMC and Samsung produce these chips, then the demand for supercluster power might be met since there will be a direct relationship between the AI chip and their NGU power source; so power production scaleup is baked into chip production. AI technology is now a top priority of the worlds commercial and governmental decisionmakers’. If chip NGU integration is not done, then the NGU will be forced into dedicated power production for the AI superclusters and neither retail or grid users will ever see a NGU system installed to meet their needs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxuSvyOwVCI&t=2s
The New World’s Largest AI Supercluster — And What No One’s Telling You
R.Brand:
4) As soon as they will deem it opportune,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Hello Dr. Rossi,
When will the electricity supplier, the financing bank, the manufacturer and operator of the production facilities reveal their names to the public?
1) As soon as the first ecats are deployed at the electricity supplier.
2) As soon as the first ecats are delivered to end customers, hence later.
3) It will be kept secret for as long as possible.
Best regards,
R. Brand
Neri Accornero:
Thank you for your support and opinion: surely also dthe small assemblies will be delivered too,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for your suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Please don’t take this as criticism..
Normally, electric items should be protected or secured. To prevent against accidentally being struck by a falling object or in the event of an earthquake or other natural movement – tornado, etc., from being moved or turned over.
This could be done by placing the device in a protective container. For example, placing the generating unit in a safe located in a vehicle traveling around a closed course.
Or, the generating device could be securely tied to a structure, like a wall or shelf.
This could be facilitated by the manufacturer by simply adding legs or providing predrilled and tapped holes on the side or sides of the Power Generator.
Or, there could be predetermined locations on the generator body where the user could safely drill and tap holes, with suitable instructions and warnings.
Lastly, the user could have user-designed and provided hold down clamps or similar items that could be used to secure the Power Generator.
I will wait to see what brilliant method your Partners arrive at to meet this need.
I’m starting to get very worried. If the licensee’s legitimate interest is to supply 20- or 22-kW products, and these start feeding into the grid, my, our dream of going off-grid, of witnessing a democratization of energy, may no longer be realized. I hope Andrea’s comment proves me wrong. May start another “energycratization”
Dear Andrea,
The evolution of computers should have made it clear that “scale down” is the way forward, from main frame to personal computers, to smart phones, and now smart watches and smart rings too. So, as “Chief Scientist,” you should make the Global Licensee understand that “scale down” from 5 kW to 10 W or less is the way forward, not “scale up” to 1 MW, even if “clean” but with large, long cables, pylons, and transformers, to carry energy where it’s needed, as we do now.
Andrea, you will be eternally remembered for having freed humanity and the environment from the “energy grid” (not just electricity), not for having built a multi-MW power plant.
Neri
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Normally the Ecat shouldn’t need to be secured, but obviously this issue depend on the specific situations and assemblies configurations.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea Rossi,
How are the NGU Power Generators mechanically secured to external structures? For example, threaded mounting holes in one or more faces? Or, is the user required to develop a clamp devise to positionally secure the Power Generator(s)?
DrLG:
OK
Warm Regards,
A.R.
axil:
Thank you for your suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Koen Vandewalle:
Please see my answer to Frank Acland yesterday,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels:
In the datasheet shown in http://www.ecat.com the three dimensions are, respectively, length, width and height; obviously the height is the vertical one. In the assemblies the height is the sum of the modules piled up.
Warm Regards,
A.R.