I recently recalled that the early Ecat QX from June 2016 was already tested to produce 10% electricity.
In the intervening years it had slipped my mind that it was actually producing electricity from as far back as then.
I recall that the reactor has similar dimensions too as was more recently quoted for the one used in the SKL NGU.
1. is the reactor used in the NGU essentially the same as the QX?
2. Same as 1 But basically with improved technology to extract electricity at greater the efficiency with much less heat generated.
3. Same as 1 or 2 but with improved control system?
4 were the later larger SK devices still based on the QX technology
4a using multiple QX
4b the same but with larger reactors?
Just thought it was interesting history and context . It may be that this is the story of how NGU evolved.
Can we expect another update in early August by the way?
Dear Dr. Rossi.
I always have had concerns that getting federal certifications to allow the sale of the ECAT will be so time consuming it will not allow shipments by year end even if manufacturing is ready.
When I ask GROK AI
what federal certifications are required for a 1000W power supply, 120V A/C to be sold to consumers as a portable power source
and
if this power source uses previously unknown technology, such as extracting ZPE energy using a plasma tube, are there any radiation related certifications that are required.
And
what do you have to do to prove there is nothing other than electromagnetic radiation being emitted from this new technology power source
and finally
do these tests have to be done on production version product or can they be done on prototypes
the responses had a very long list of activities and specific certifications/reports that are required as well as advice that you should expect push back from the certification bodies making it hard to get those certifications. The tests must be done on parts that are “identical” to production version..
ChatGPT had almost identical responses although much less detailed.
1) Have you done a similar AI search yourself?
2) Has all these certification issues been taken into account when you share with us your hope that the ECAT will start delivery this year?
I requested the AI to formulate a strategy to optimize the production and delivery of the NGU using a robotic production method. I would appreciate any corrections in my understanding of the NGU production and delivery plan.
Suggest a strategy to optimize product production from a robotic production process and delivery of a product line that uses a modular building block approach where a A(10 watt unit) is the most basic building block product production and delivery unit, next 10 A units comprise a B(100 watt unit). B is the secondary building block product production and delivery unit that forms a new building block used to form as follows: E-Cat NGU 1 kW Generator E-Cat NGU 2 kW Generator E-Cat NGU 3 kW Generator E-Cat NGU 5 kW Generator E-Cat NGU 10 kW Generator E-Cat NGU Plants 1 MW. standalone A units are not used to build E-Cat NGU 1 kW Generator and above.
Optimizing Production and Delivery for Modular E-Cat NGU Products
This report outlines a strategy to optimize the production and delivery of the modular E-Cat NGU product line, focusing on efficiency, quality, and adaptability within a robotic manufacturing environment. The strategy leverages lean manufacturing principles and a tiered production system to manage the A (10-watt) and B (100-watt) unit components, which then form the basis for the higher-level E-Cat NGU generators and plants.
1. Product Hierarchy and Component Management
Tier 1: A Units (10-watt): These are the fundamental building blocks. Production will be driven by predicted demand for both standalone A units (if applicable, although the request states they are not used for higher-level products) and B units.
Tier 2: B Units (100-watt): Each B unit consists of 10 A units. Production of B units will be prioritized, and A units will be produced primarily to meet B unit demand.
Tier 3: E-Cat NGU Generators (1kW, 2kW, 3kW, 5kW, 10kW): These are assembled from B units. Production planning at this level will consider the varying demand for each generator size.
Tier 4: E-Cat NGU Plants (1MW): These are the largest assemblies, built from a large number of B units. Production planning will require long-term forecasting and strategic allocation of B units.
2. Robotic Production Process Optimization
Lean Robotics Integration: Implement lean manufacturing principles within the robotic production process to reduce waste and maximize value, notes
Assembly Magazine. This includes:
Value Stream Mapping: Analyze the entire production process for A and B units to identify bottlenecks and areas for improvement.
Continuous Flow: Design the robotic cells for seamless flow of materials and components, minimizing interruptions.
Pull System: Produce A and B units only when needed for the next level of assembly or delivery, avoiding overproduction and excess inventory.
Modular Robotic Systems: Design robotic work cells to be modular and reconfigurable, allowing for rapid adaptation to changing production needs and demands for different NGU generator sizes.
Standardized Components and Interfaces: Utilize standardized components and communication protocols for seamless integration of robots and equipment across the production line.
Predictive Maintenance: Implement predictive maintenance strategies for the robotic systems to minimize downtime and ensure continuous operation.
Data Analytics: Utilize data analytics to monitor and optimize robot performance, identify inefficiencies, and drive continuous improvement.
Workforce Training: Train and educate the workforce on safety procedures, troubleshooting, and collaboration with robots to ensure a safe and efficient working environment.
3. Delivery and Logistics Optimization
Centralized-Local Control Framework: Implement a centralized-local control framework for managing the distribution of modular components and assembled products, potentially leveraging concepts from distributed power systems.
Optimized Transportation Routes: Develop optimized routes and logistics networks for efficient transport of A units, B units, and completed NGU generators to their respective destinations.
Efficient Material Handling: Utilize robotics and automation in inventory and warehouse management for tasks like picking, packing, and material handling, minimizing human intervention and maximizing efficiency.
Inventory Control and Demand Forecasting: Develop accurate demand forecasting and inventory control strategies for each tier of the product hierarchy to prevent shortages or overstocking of components.
Strategic Sourcing and Procurement: Establish a robust sourcing and procurement strategy for raw materials and components, ensuring a stable and reliable supply chain.
4. Implementation and Continuous Improvement
Pilot Programs: Start with piloting the optimization strategies on a smaller scale, perhaps with A and B unit production, before expanding to higher-level assemblies.
Continuous Feedback and Adjustment: Foster a culture of continuous improvement through regular monitoring, analysis of production data, and soliciting feedback from production teams and customers.
Scenario Planning: Conduct scenario planning to anticipate potential disruptions and challenges, allowing for proactive adjustments to the production and delivery strategies.
By implementing these strategies, the E-Cat NGU product line can achieve optimal production efficiency, reduced waste, and improved delivery, meeting customer demand for reliable and sustainable power solutions.
Rupert:
I ask help from the A.I. of http://www.chatgpt.com
almost daily and its help is so precious that after using the free version, eventually I upgraded my application to a not free professional level. It makes me save a lot of time when I have problems to resolve. Sometimes the answers it supplies are unbelievably precise, as if it reads my thoughts. Great thing.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Zimmermann:
I suppose that when the manufacturing facilities will be ready the Licensee will start the deliveries. The communications released by the Licensee do not and will not depend on me.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
could you tell us something about the factories for the eCat?
Are the production facilities/robots for manufacturing already installed or are they still being built?
Warm regards
Zimmermann
Thank you for your reply to my previous question. It is very encouraging to hear that the licensee has been able to independently make a working E-Cat NGU. Does this prototype(s) work in a way that is satisfactory to you and the licensee?
Dear Dr. Rossi –
regarding a potential 100w module – it is clear you cannot comment on the possible production.
But from the scientific stand point – have you tried and tested these larger modules?
Could you technically envision even larger modules – like 1KW – 10KW – etc.?
If so – what was the largest prototype that you tried running?
Paradigm shifts are tricky events. After 20 years of public AI mockery, just a couple of years ago, ChatGPT added 1M users in their first five days, a record. AI and robots are paradigm shifting right now. Obviously, AI prospects logging into a website scales easier than shipping a device that needs to be installed.
E-Cat’s impact will be an epic paradigm shift.
Are you able to provide a forecast in terms of E-Cat units or the aggregate watts for the next 12 or 18 months. Bill Gates warned that Microsoft’s release date for Windows 95 for a target not a commitment! There 19 terawatts of current global energy usage to address.
Not to sound hyperbolic, but you’ve hopefully developed the most positively consequentially invention in recorded history. However, E-Cat’s near-term disruptive impact will be painful – the global energy industries and governments have no idea.
Death and suffering caused by energy poverty is real. It’s critical that the planning and work to integrate E-Cat into life begins now, driven, not by greed, but doing what right and the best for humanity. The level of resources allocated to integrating E-Cat needs to align with E-Cat’s availability.
Another NGU application – self-powered refrigerators
“A residential refrigerator typically uses between 100 and 800 watts when running. However, refrigerators don’t run constantly at full power; they cycle on and off to maintain temperature. A good rule of thumb is to divide the stated wattage by three to estimate the average running wattage, according to Nexamp. For example, a 500-watt refrigerator might average around 167 watts of actual power consumption.”
So, assume a 600W peak power consumption, yielding an average consumption of 200 W. Add 2 100W NGU units plus a battery to handle peak demands (and inverter if necessary) and the unit is self-power. No more food spoilage when a Grid blackout occurs.
“The average lifespan of a refrigerator is 12 years, according to the Department of Energy (https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/shopping-appliances-and-electronics). However, this can vary based on factors like the type of refrigerator, usage, and maintenance. Standard models typically last between 10 and 18 years.”
So, the refrigerator lifetime matches the NGU unit lifetime. It is likely the savings in Grid power will pay for the additional equipment costs.
Or, it could be a separate unit, powering the refrigerator.
Dear Readers,
Today has been introduced on the Journal of Nuclear Physics “Quantum Supernuminal Cosmology Geo Physics. Tegs 2025 Budapest” by Prof. Rajan Iyer et Al.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Congratulations on your progress, May God be with you to start the deliveries this year.
Question, if I have ordered a 1kw ecat, can I seperate the modules to make a 700w ecat for heating use (charging a large batrery) and a 300w ecat for electricity (charging a small battery)? Or must we order the exact size module as we intend to use it? Will options be given to specify when it is time to send payment?
Thankyou, Godspeed
“The power consumption of SpaceX’s LOX generation plant is significant. A compact LOx producer can produce 2 tons per day at 300 kW, which translates to approximately 540 MW for a single Starship operation. ”
SPACEX is concerned about the lack of electrical Grid power available at their Texas location.
Assuming a 90% efficiency, about 600 MW of NGU power is needed for a daily launch schedule.
Assuming a launch every 10 days – the NGU power will be 60 MW. But could be easily scaled up if more frequent launches were required.
In the light of the information in the patent of the NGU, my opinion of the use of tungsten in the NGU which is highly susceptible to transmutation for the electron gun material might be improved by its replacement with tantalum which is highly resistant to transmutation as recommended in the previous post:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=878#comment-1700482
High Melting Point:
Tantalum has a very high melting point (3017°C), making it suitable for high-temperature applications as compared to tungsten that has the melting point of (3,422 °C). A 5 degree difference is not significant.
Corrosion Resistance:
It is highly resistant to corrosion, even in harsh chemical environments, making it valuable for chemical processing equipment.
Ductility:
Despite its high melting point, unlike tungsten, tantalum is relatively ductile, meaning it can be easily formed into various shapes, an advantage in manufacturing.
If tungsten suffers any transmutation, it can also exhibit brittle behavior under certain conditions, such as low temperatures or with transmutation based induced impurities.
Electronic Capacitors:
A major application is in electrolytic capacitors, particularly in miniaturized electronic circuits due to their high capacitance per unit volume.
Chemical Process Equipment:
Tantalum’s corrosion resistance makes it ideal for parts of chemical reactors, piping, and other equipment.
High-Temperature Applications:
It’s used in furnace parts, rocket components, and other applications where extreme temperatures are encountered.
Alloying Element:
Tantalum is alloyed with other metals to improve their properties, such as strength and melting point.
An even better solution for the electron gun material is alloying tantalum with hafnium which is projected to be highly resistant to transmutation.
Tantalum and hafnium can be mixed to form alloys. These metals are often alloyed together to create materials with desirable properties, such as high melting points and increased strength. For example, they are used in aerospace applications like heat-resistant alloys for rocket engines.
Here’s a more detailed look:
Alloys with Tantalum:
Tantalum is known for its high melting point and resistance to corrosion, making it a valuable component in alloys. It’s commonly alloyed with other metals, including hafnium, to enhance its properties and create materials suitable for high-temperature and high-stress environments.
Alloys with Hafnium:
Hafnium is another metal that forms strong and heat-resistant alloys. It’s frequently alloyed with other metals like titanium, niobium, and, importantly, tantalum.
Dear Andrea Rossi
I recently recalled that the early Ecat QX from June 2016 was already tested to produce 10% electricity.
In the intervening years it had slipped my mind that it was actually producing electricity from as far back as then.
I recall that the reactor has similar dimensions too as was more recently quoted for the one used in the SKL NGU.
1. is the reactor used in the NGU essentially the same as the QX?
2. Same as 1 But basically with improved technology to extract electricity at greater the efficiency with much less heat generated.
3. Same as 1 or 2 but with improved control system?
4 were the later larger SK devices still based on the QX technology
4a using multiple QX
4b the same but with larger reactors?
Just thought it was interesting history and context . It may be that this is the story of how NGU evolved.
Can we expect another update in early August by the way?
Thanks and Best Regardy
Stephen
To Larry G
What are the requirements for 12V DC that is connected to an approved inverter for conversion to 120V AC.
Regards Svein
Larry G.:
The certifications of the modifications made on the Ecat made after the former certifications are in due course,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Ambrogio:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Fred:
Of course !
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Frank Acland:
Thank you for the links,
Warmest Regards,
Andrea
Dear Andrea,
There are now translations of your recent interview in both English and Russian. Links are in this post:
English translation:
https://e-catworld.com/2025/07/21/new-italian-language-andrea-rossi-interview/
Russian Translation:
https://youtu.be/D-9ylK_DQNA?si=irUHpji362wrFKGC
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Dr Rossi,
Will the Ecats be manufactured also in the USA ?
Dr Rossi,
Time is running: you still hoping that the Ecats will start to be delivered within this year ?
Ambrogio
Dear Dr. Rossi.
I always have had concerns that getting federal certifications to allow the sale of the ECAT will be so time consuming it will not allow shipments by year end even if manufacturing is ready.
When I ask GROK AI
what federal certifications are required for a 1000W power supply, 120V A/C to be sold to consumers as a portable power source
and
if this power source uses previously unknown technology, such as extracting ZPE energy using a plasma tube, are there any radiation related certifications that are required.
And
what do you have to do to prove there is nothing other than electromagnetic radiation being emitted from this new technology power source
and finally
do these tests have to be done on production version product or can they be done on prototypes
the responses had a very long list of activities and specific certifications/reports that are required as well as advice that you should expect push back from the certification bodies making it hard to get those certifications. The tests must be done on parts that are “identical” to production version..
ChatGPT had almost identical responses although much less detailed.
1) Have you done a similar AI search yourself?
2) Has all these certification issues been taken into account when you share with us your hope that the ECAT will start delivery this year?
Best Regards
Larry
Giuseppe Censorio:
The Licensee is making also improvements, along the R&D activity that I suppose never will cease,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
was the licensee able to make any improvements to the Ecat, or did they simply follow your instructions to the letter?
Regards, Giuseppe
Frank Acland:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
axil:
Interesting, thank you, this is further evidence of how much the A.I. of
http://www.chatgpt.com
can be useful.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
I requested the AI to formulate a strategy to optimize the production and delivery of the NGU using a robotic production method. I would appreciate any corrections in my understanding of the NGU production and delivery plan.
Suggest a strategy to optimize product production from a robotic production process and delivery of a product line that uses a modular building block approach where a A(10 watt unit) is the most basic building block product production and delivery unit, next 10 A units comprise a B(100 watt unit). B is the secondary building block product production and delivery unit that forms a new building block used to form as follows: E-Cat NGU 1 kW Generator E-Cat NGU 2 kW Generator E-Cat NGU 3 kW Generator E-Cat NGU 5 kW Generator E-Cat NGU 10 kW Generator E-Cat NGU Plants 1 MW. standalone A units are not used to build E-Cat NGU 1 kW Generator and above.
Optimizing Production and Delivery for Modular E-Cat NGU Products
This report outlines a strategy to optimize the production and delivery of the modular E-Cat NGU product line, focusing on efficiency, quality, and adaptability within a robotic manufacturing environment. The strategy leverages lean manufacturing principles and a tiered production system to manage the A (10-watt) and B (100-watt) unit components, which then form the basis for the higher-level E-Cat NGU generators and plants.
1. Product Hierarchy and Component Management
Tier 1: A Units (10-watt): These are the fundamental building blocks. Production will be driven by predicted demand for both standalone A units (if applicable, although the request states they are not used for higher-level products) and B units.
Tier 2: B Units (100-watt): Each B unit consists of 10 A units. Production of B units will be prioritized, and A units will be produced primarily to meet B unit demand.
Tier 3: E-Cat NGU Generators (1kW, 2kW, 3kW, 5kW, 10kW): These are assembled from B units. Production planning at this level will consider the varying demand for each generator size.
Tier 4: E-Cat NGU Plants (1MW): These are the largest assemblies, built from a large number of B units. Production planning will require long-term forecasting and strategic allocation of B units.
2. Robotic Production Process Optimization
Lean Robotics Integration: Implement lean manufacturing principles within the robotic production process to reduce waste and maximize value, notes
Assembly Magazine. This includes:
Value Stream Mapping: Analyze the entire production process for A and B units to identify bottlenecks and areas for improvement.
Continuous Flow: Design the robotic cells for seamless flow of materials and components, minimizing interruptions.
Pull System: Produce A and B units only when needed for the next level of assembly or delivery, avoiding overproduction and excess inventory.
Modular Robotic Systems: Design robotic work cells to be modular and reconfigurable, allowing for rapid adaptation to changing production needs and demands for different NGU generator sizes.
Standardized Components and Interfaces: Utilize standardized components and communication protocols for seamless integration of robots and equipment across the production line.
Predictive Maintenance: Implement predictive maintenance strategies for the robotic systems to minimize downtime and ensure continuous operation.
Data Analytics: Utilize data analytics to monitor and optimize robot performance, identify inefficiencies, and drive continuous improvement.
Workforce Training: Train and educate the workforce on safety procedures, troubleshooting, and collaboration with robots to ensure a safe and efficient working environment.
3. Delivery and Logistics Optimization
Centralized-Local Control Framework: Implement a centralized-local control framework for managing the distribution of modular components and assembled products, potentially leveraging concepts from distributed power systems.
Optimized Transportation Routes: Develop optimized routes and logistics networks for efficient transport of A units, B units, and completed NGU generators to their respective destinations.
Efficient Material Handling: Utilize robotics and automation in inventory and warehouse management for tasks like picking, packing, and material handling, minimizing human intervention and maximizing efficiency.
Inventory Control and Demand Forecasting: Develop accurate demand forecasting and inventory control strategies for each tier of the product hierarchy to prevent shortages or overstocking of components.
Strategic Sourcing and Procurement: Establish a robust sourcing and procurement strategy for raw materials and components, ensuring a stable and reliable supply chain.
4. Implementation and Continuous Improvement
Pilot Programs: Start with piloting the optimization strategies on a smaller scale, perhaps with A and B unit production, before expanding to higher-level assemblies.
Continuous Feedback and Adjustment: Foster a culture of continuous improvement through regular monitoring, analysis of production data, and soliciting feedback from production teams and customers.
Scenario Planning: Conduct scenario planning to anticipate potential disruptions and challenges, allowing for proactive adjustments to the production and delivery strategies.
By implementing these strategies, the E-Cat NGU product line can achieve optimal production efficiency, reduced waste, and improved delivery, meeting customer demand for reliable and sustainable power solutions.
Rupert:
I ask help from the A.I. of
http://www.chatgpt.com
almost daily and its help is so precious that after using the free version, eventually I upgraded my application to a not free professional level. It makes me save a lot of time when I have problems to resolve. Sometimes the answers it supplies are unbelievably precise, as if it reads my thoughts. Great thing.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Months ago you wrote here that you make use of the Artificial Intelligence: are you continuing to exploit its help ?
Best,
Rupert
Zimmermann:
I suppose that when the manufacturing facilities will be ready the Licensee will start the deliveries. The communications released by the Licensee do not and will not depend on me.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi,
could you tell us something about the factories for the eCat?
Are the production facilities/robots for manufacturing already installed or are they still being built?
Warm regards
Zimmermann
Dear Andrea,
Thank you for your reply to my previous question. It is very encouraging to hear that the licensee has been able to independently make a working E-Cat NGU. Does this prototype(s) work in a way that is satisfactory to you and the licensee?
Best wishes,
Frank Acland
Frank Acland:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Has your licensee independently made an E-Cat NGU prototype yet, based on your instructions, without your input?
Many thank,
Frank Acland
Greg Smith:
Thank you for your insight: I am not able to make a forecast,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Energy User:
Our technology is based on the use of 100 W modules,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Dr. Rossi –
regarding a potential 100w module – it is clear you cannot comment on the possible production.
But from the scientific stand point – have you tried and tested these larger modules?
Could you technically envision even larger modules – like 1KW – 10KW – etc.?
If so – what was the largest prototype that you tried running?
Thank you for your reply.
Andrea,
Paradigm shifts are tricky events. After 20 years of public AI mockery, just a couple of years ago, ChatGPT added 1M users in their first five days, a record. AI and robots are paradigm shifting right now. Obviously, AI prospects logging into a website scales easier than shipping a device that needs to be installed.
E-Cat’s impact will be an epic paradigm shift.
Are you able to provide a forecast in terms of E-Cat units or the aggregate watts for the next 12 or 18 months. Bill Gates warned that Microsoft’s release date for Windows 95 for a target not a commitment! There 19 terawatts of current global energy usage to address.
Not to sound hyperbolic, but you’ve hopefully developed the most positively consequentially invention in recorded history. However, E-Cat’s near-term disruptive impact will be painful – the global energy industries and governments have no idea.
Death and suffering caused by energy poverty is real. It’s critical that the planning and work to integrate E-Cat into life begins now, driven, not by greed, but doing what right and the best for humanity. The level of resources allocated to integrating E-Cat needs to align with E-Cat’s availability.
Thank you.
Greg
Steven Nicholes Karels:
Thank you for the suggestion,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
GEORGE PRAZAK:
This will not depend on Leonardo Corporation,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Svein:
Thank you for the link to the article,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Svein:
In the last publication on the JoNP you can find the links,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andra
Where can I find information about: Quantum Supernuminal Cosmology Geo Physics. Tegs 2025 Budapest
Regards Svein
To readers of JoNP.
Here is an interesting article:
https://newfireenergy.substack.com/p/negative-entropy-how-rossis-e-cat?utm_campaign=email-half-post&r=ozwi5&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email
Regards Svein
DR.ROSSI:
Does LEONARDO plan to manufacture ECAT modules greater than 100w?
GEORGE PRAZAK
Dear Andrea Rossi,
Another NGU application – self-powered refrigerators
“A residential refrigerator typically uses between 100 and 800 watts when running. However, refrigerators don’t run constantly at full power; they cycle on and off to maintain temperature. A good rule of thumb is to divide the stated wattage by three to estimate the average running wattage, according to Nexamp. For example, a 500-watt refrigerator might average around 167 watts of actual power consumption.”
So, assume a 600W peak power consumption, yielding an average consumption of 200 W. Add 2 100W NGU units plus a battery to handle peak demands (and inverter if necessary) and the unit is self-power. No more food spoilage when a Grid blackout occurs.
“The average lifespan of a refrigerator is 12 years, according to the Department of Energy (https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/shopping-appliances-and-electronics). However, this can vary based on factors like the type of refrigerator, usage, and maintenance. Standard models typically last between 10 and 18 years.”
So, the refrigerator lifetime matches the NGU unit lifetime. It is likely the savings in Grid power will pay for the additional equipment costs.
Or, it could be a separate unit, powering the refrigerator.
Thoughts?
Frank Acland:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.r.
Dear Andrea,
I was interested to watch this interview yesterday:
https://youtu.be/GSJtfQFJDK8?si=mBu_fKygULe-lNtV
The best news I think that came from it was when you said that the most difficult things have already been accomplished.
Best wishes as you move forward with this important work!
Frank
Paul:
I am not authorized to give this information,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Andrea,
Which factory will be up and running first?
(Asia, Europe, or America)
V/R,
Paul
Frank Acland:
Yes,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dear Andrea,
Is your licensee now operating and testing E-Cat NGU prototypes without you being present with them?
Thank you very much,
Frank Acland
Dear Readers,
Today has been introduced on the Journal of Nuclear Physics “Quantum Supernuminal Cosmology Geo Physics. Tegs 2025 Budapest” by Prof. Rajan Iyer et Al.
Warm Regards,
A.R.
axil:
Thank you for your insight and suggestions,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Steven Nicholes Karels,
Thank you for your insight,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Tom:
Options will be given when ready to deliver, before the payment,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Ambrogio:
Thank you for the link,
Warm Regards,
A.R.
Dr Rossi,
Here is an interesting website for your readers:
http://www.latticescipub.com
Best,
Ambrogio
Congratulations on your progress, May God be with you to start the deliveries this year.
Question, if I have ordered a 1kw ecat, can I seperate the modules to make a 700w ecat for heating use (charging a large batrery) and a 300w ecat for electricity (charging a small battery)? Or must we order the exact size module as we intend to use it? Will options be given to specify when it is time to send payment?
Thankyou, Godspeed
Dear Andrea Rossi,
“The power consumption of SpaceX’s LOX generation plant is significant. A compact LOx producer can produce 2 tons per day at 300 kW, which translates to approximately 540 MW for a single Starship operation. ”
SPACEX is concerned about the lack of electrical Grid power available at their Texas location.
Assuming a 90% efficiency, about 600 MW of NGU power is needed for a daily launch schedule.
Assuming a launch every 10 days – the NGU power will be 60 MW. But could be easily scaled up if more frequent launches were required.
Thoughts?
In the light of the information in the patent of the NGU, my opinion of the use of tungsten in the NGU which is highly susceptible to transmutation for the electron gun material might be improved by its replacement with tantalum which is highly resistant to transmutation as recommended in the previous post:
https://www.journal-of-nuclear-physics.com/?p=892&cpage=878#comment-1700482
High Melting Point:
Tantalum has a very high melting point (3017°C), making it suitable for high-temperature applications as compared to tungsten that has the melting point of (3,422 °C). A 5 degree difference is not significant.
Corrosion Resistance:
It is highly resistant to corrosion, even in harsh chemical environments, making it valuable for chemical processing equipment.
Ductility:
Despite its high melting point, unlike tungsten, tantalum is relatively ductile, meaning it can be easily formed into various shapes, an advantage in manufacturing.
If tungsten suffers any transmutation, it can also exhibit brittle behavior under certain conditions, such as low temperatures or with transmutation based induced impurities.
Electronic Capacitors:
A major application is in electrolytic capacitors, particularly in miniaturized electronic circuits due to their high capacitance per unit volume.
Chemical Process Equipment:
Tantalum’s corrosion resistance makes it ideal for parts of chemical reactors, piping, and other equipment.
High-Temperature Applications:
It’s used in furnace parts, rocket components, and other applications where extreme temperatures are encountered.
Alloying Element:
Tantalum is alloyed with other metals to improve their properties, such as strength and melting point.
An even better solution for the electron gun material is alloying tantalum with hafnium which is projected to be highly resistant to transmutation.
Tantalum and hafnium can be mixed to form alloys. These metals are often alloyed together to create materials with desirable properties, such as high melting points and increased strength. For example, they are used in aerospace applications like heat-resistant alloys for rocket engines.
Here’s a more detailed look:
Alloys with Tantalum:
Tantalum is known for its high melting point and resistance to corrosion, making it a valuable component in alloys. It’s commonly alloyed with other metals, including hafnium, to enhance its properties and create materials suitable for high-temperature and high-stress environments.
Alloys with Hafnium:
Hafnium is another metal that forms strong and heat-resistant alloys. It’s frequently alloyed with other metals like titanium, niobium, and, importantly, tantalum.
Jacques:
No,
Warm Regards,
A.R.