United States Patent US 9,115,913 B1

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44,912 comments to United States Patent US 9,115,913 B1

  • Steven Nicholes Karels

    Dear Andrea Rossi,

    Is there a theoretical or practical limit on:
    1. the minimum output power of a single NGU Power Generator running at maximum output?
    2. the maximum output power of a single NGU Power Generator running at maximum output?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Calle H:
    This will not depend on me,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Calle H

    Dear Dr. Rossi,
    Thank you for the news that suppliers are doing material deliveries as I understand this as a big step towards real product deliveries. May I ask: The demand for E-Cat products points toward a production of large power E-Cats being the most important, will the 10W NGU also be produced and sold?
    Kind regards,
    Calle H

  • Andrea Rossi

    Frank Acland:
    We have international suppliers and some of them had delayed delivery terms due to the present international difficulties; we succeeded to by-pass the problems and still are in schedule,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Frank Acland

    Dear Andrea,

    I just read the report that you posted on X today: https://x.com/LeonardoCorpor3/status/1951348246372110557

    How serious was it to get a delayed shipment of the components you mention?

    Thank you very much,

    Frank Acland

  • Andrea Rossi

    Jean Paul Renoir:
    Yes
    Warm Regards
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    axil:
    I have nothing to add or to subtract, so far, respect the publication
    http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
    Warm Regards
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Svein:
    Thank you for the information,
    Warm Regards
    A.R.

  • Svein

    Dear Andrea Rossi
    COP 30 in Brazil is approaching.
    According to The The Economist, a more chaotic and polarizing meeting is expected, where both the demands of developing countries and the seriousness of climate science are putting pressure on the rich countries.
    For Brazil, it is not just about hosting – but setting the agenda.
    Reuters reports that the country warns against excessive faith in carbon credits and wants a clear settlement with fossil fuel dependence.

  • axil

    Does all the later variations of the SK reactor including the NGU still show the Ultra dense hydrogen active NMR indicator in the various spectrums showing the 4.372 nm spectrum line.

    The very best of luck
    AXIL

  • Jean Paul Renoir

    Dr Rossi,
    Still thinking the deliveries of the Ecat will start within the 2025 ?
    Best,
    JPR

  • Andrea Rossi

    Franco:
    Yes,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Italo R.:
    I agree,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Italo R.

    Dr. Rossi,
    Security concerns are completely understandable.
    The world can be cruel and dangerous, especially when dealing with such disruptive technologies!
    Obviously, things will change once Ecat reaches the market.

    Kind Regards,
    Italo R.

  • Franco

    “Good morning, I need to connect 10 inverters for motor drive applications to a 400 V DC bus. This is a common DC-link system, typically used in industrial applications for energy savings.
    Can E-Cats be connected to obtain a 400-volt supply?
    Thank you.”

  • Andrea Rossi

    Anonymous:
    All Leonardo’s main collaborators have signed an NDA that, among other issues, demands them to keep confidential our collaboration, for security reasons.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Anonymous

    Dear Dr Andrea Rossi,
    Can we know the names of your main collaborators ?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Zoltan:
    If the draw of electricity overcomes the power of the Ecat, the protection system turns off the Ecat,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Zoltan

    Dear Andrea, let’s imagine a 1000-watt AC E-cat directly connected to an 800-watt appliance. Would there be any problems if the appliance experiences some sort of peak power draw when turned on? For example, an air conditioner. Or an electric toaster oven.Maybe 1000 watt wouldn’t be enough for the task? Thanks

  • Andrea Rossi

    Tommek:
    Thank you for the link,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Svein:
    Thank you for the suggestion,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    R.Brand:
    Thank you for the information,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • R.Brand

    @T.Kaminski @all
    In the event of an overload, the ecat automatically shuts down. However, this can be circumvented by simply plugging the ecat directly into the power grid, like a balcony PV power plant. This way, the consumer takes everything that the ecat cannot supply from the power grid.

    This was already discussed here when we discussed Powercon sockets for the ecat (read the old comments, which you can easily find using the search function). Powercon plugs are exactly what connect balcony power plants to the power grid. In Germany, up to 800 watts of power from balcony PV power plants are permitted to be fed into the power grid in this way.
    Best regards
    R.Brand

  • Svein

    Dear Andrea
    The inverter is a hub in connection with the use of Ecat.
    The task of ensuring the working conditions of Ecat lies here.
    Ensuring an efficient and flexible connection to a possible network must be carried out by the hub.
    Where networks are not connected, the use of a battery for short-term storage and short peak consumption can be an advantage.

    Having a hub that is open to connecting multiple Ecats, if the need arises, is an advantage.
    The conditions that Tom K. and Steven N.K. have mentioned are important.
    I hope that an excellent hub solution is in place when our new source of electricity is rolled out to serve humanity.
    Regards Svein

  • Tommek

    Interessant?

    Wärmeschwingung einzelner Atome enthüllt – Physiker zeigen erstmals die Vibration einzelner Atome in einem 2D-Material – scinexx.de https://share.google/C9cQ7CAems5rMr5n8

  • Andrea Rossi

    Tom Kaminski:
    Thank you for your suggestion,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Tom Kaminski

    It seems to me that one concern with the voltage/current characteristics of the eCat-NGU is that it will shut down (turn off) when too much current is drawn. Perhaps you should consider producing a device that “folds back” the voltage as the current draw increases, becoming more like a fixed voltage device uo to a power limit, then becoming a fixed output power device when the current draw exceeds the nominal maximum current. It would then be compatible with “Maximum Power Point” inverters, such as micro-inverters for solar use and to a limited extend, a battery charger for a wide range of battery types.

    Also, a device with a adjustable voltage output, and an adjustable current limit, (within a nominal range), like a lab bench supply, would be usable for a wide variety of applications.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Svein:
    Thank you for the suggestion,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Svein

    Dear Andrea
    As Rod Stringer mentions, the authorities in many countries have given various incentives to private individuals who want to invest in solar cells.
    The solar cell industry has spent many years facilitating this.
    In Norway, a grant of $ 1900 is given, based on establishing solar cell areas that will annually provide about 8500 kWh in savings. However, there is an upper limit of nearly $3200.
    Getting local government agencies to transfer corresponding subsidies to Ecat will probably require significant local effort.
    For a small country like Norway, is what nations like Canada and the USA are doing of great importance.
    Your partners’ work here may therefore be very important for many nations.
    Regards Svein

  • Klas

    @Ron Stringer:

    Earlier this year, on January 5, I shared a report I found interesting related to E-Cat Power and solar systems.

    Here again:

    https://drive.google.com/file/d/1R5d9jlMXD8dZ5TwL7hrJUgtjhXYobSe9/view?usp=sharing

    Regards
    Klas

  • Andrea Rossi

    Ron Stringer:
    I know the Licensee is working also on this issue,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Steven Nicholes Karels,
    Thank you for your suggestion,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    axil:
    Thank you for your insight.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • axil

    In the theory paper: chapter 5 “Neutral pico-metric aggregates”, Dr. Rossi links the ultra dense hydrogen that Holmlid claims, to also form the electron boson aggregation that comprises the picometre sized particle based electron clusters. The theory paper offers as proof that this ultra dense hydrogen (UDH) based aggregation involvement that the UDH produces an active NMR emission EMF signature at a optical frequency that corresponds to a wavelength in the visible spectrum at 4.372 nanometers.

    What this analysis misses is the step that explains how the UDH produces coherence and supports a method of generating electrical energy that produces lower entropy through coherence and fails to state that this ultra dense hydrogen Hole superconductive nanoparticle provides an optical cavity that creates an exciton polariton condensate of spin based quasiparticles. This Bose Einstein condensate (BEC) is where the intense magnetic field comes from. This extreme magnetic field (32.2 10^6 T) is not produced by a Zitterbewegung current loop, but by the accumulation of a large numbers of spin 1 based exciton polariton quasiparticles.

    Holmlid has never observed any light that comes from UDH that he produces ( prior to laser irradiation) , but a exciton polariton condensate is a well known and currently researched extreme top of the scale light production method.

    In addition, I have noticed that there is no mention of hydrogen or lithium in the SK patents, just xenon or argon like the Papp engine. But the theory paper covering the SK reactor does mention hydrogen in the plasma.

    This is an inconsistency I am curious about.

  • Steven Nicholes Karels

    Dear Andrea Rossi,

    Your response to my previous post about Current Limiting Circuit was:
    “About the application of this trove with the Ecat, as you know the applications to airborne objects is not presently on the top of our spear”

    However, the Current Limiting Circuit may have application in connecting the Solar Inverters where MPPT may attempt to draw too much current from the NGU Power generators, thus causing them to shut down.

    The Current Limiting Circuit presents a load to the NGU Power Generator which never exceeds its rated output capacity. Thus, MPPT will always operate within the capacity limitation of the NGU Power Generator, as limited by the Current Limiting Circuit.

    Thoughts?
    .

  • Ron Stringer

    Dear Dr. Rossi
    There is an array of incentives provided by various levels of government (at least here in Canada) for installation of green energy equipment in homes and businesses. They are largely aimed at solar energy. It is clear from all you have said that you see the e-cat as equivalent to solar panels, and the e-cat can be installed easily in an existing solar power setup, and in new installations the setup is largely the same using e-cats instead of solar panels (generator, batteries, inverter, etc.),
    It is pretty clear that in order to access these incentive programs, we are going to have to convince governments that the e-cat is interchangeable with solar panels. Have you or your partners attempted this yet? Have you had any success?
    Ron

  • Andrea Rossi

    Martin:
    The response that the A.I. of Chatgpt gave you is correct; what is wrong is your question, because the Ecat does not supply ZPE, it supplies regular current; the ZPE powers the Ecat with a complex technology, as explained in
    http://www.researchgate.net/publication/330601653_E-Cat_SK_and_long_range_particle_interactions
    The output of the Ecat is not ZPE, it is normal DC or AC current, therefore at the output it is a normal power source.
    Chatgpt can give immense help only if the question is put correctly, to allow it to use coherently the algorythms that are the neurons of its intelligence: its answers are always correct if related to the structure of the questions, especially when the questions are related to extremely difficult contexts like the ZPE, an issue that results to be unknown to most of humans, so far.
    The Ecat is a power source that supplies DC current of any voltage , or AC current 220 V 50 Hz, so your question should have been ” Can a power source that erogates DC current of for example 12 V, or AC current 230 V 50 Hz or 110 V 60 Hz be integrated in parallel to a solar plant with a compatible output of current ?”
    Do this question and see what happens
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Stephen Coke:
    The Ecat can power an electric heater: it is the application with the highest intrinsic efficiency,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Steven Nicholes Karels:
    Thank you for the information and congratulations !
    About the application of this trove with the Ecat, as you know the applications to airborne objects is not presently on the top of our spear,
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Steven Nicholes Karels

    Dear Andrea Rossi,

    I designed, built, and tested a Current Limiting Circuit. It works with a 24 VDC input and limits the demand to approximately 8 Amps. It consists of a PC Board, with one transistor, one MOSFET, and five resistors. It is intended to be used with a Model Airplane where the power demand varies but I have to keep the current demand placed on two 12 VDC power units wired in series at or below 8 Amps so they units do not shutdown.

    Thoughts?

  • Stephen

    Hi Andrea

    I was just wondering in an engineering : if the fact that even the QX had some electricity output if that output was needed and exploited by the control system perhaps through resonance or switching to enable it to work effectively. Even when tuned to produce heat.

    On a practical level though. It’s probably a redundant question now though as the purely electrical output SKL is so much improved that now for heating it’s more more practical to use this one with conventional heaters.

    Thanks and Best Regards

    Stephen

  • Martin

    Dear Andrea ,

    According to ChatGPT, I cannot connect a ZPE (e.g., 36 Volt and 300 Watt) to a solar panel microinverter because:

    Microinverters expect solar panel-like behavior: variable voltage/current depending on sunlight, with an MPPT algorithm (Maximum Power Point Tracking). This algorithm continuously tries to find the “optimal point” of a solar panel.

    1. ⚠️ MPPT Algorithm May Not Work Properly
    Microinverters use MPPT to optimize solar panel energy.

    A ZPE unit does not have a variable characteristic like a solar panel → the MPPT algorithm gets “confused” or doesn’t work correctly.

    This can result in inefficiency, instability, or shutdown.

    ZPE units provide a stable DC output, but solar panels are “living sources” with specific IV-curves.

    Many microinverters expect a certain DC source characteristic — a flat 36V DC from a ZPE appears too artificial.

    However, a ZPE source provides a constant output voltage and power. As a result:

    The MPPT algorithm cannot “read” the source correctly.

    This often leads to incorrect loading or shutdown.

    IS THIS CORRECT OR NOT ?

  • Andrea Rossi

    Stephen:
    Sorry, I do not understand exactly your comment: can you rephrase clearly your specific questions ?
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Manuel Cilia:
    I am not able to answer your question, so far.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Andrea Rossi

    Jeff Smathers:
    Thank you for your support.
    Maybe you can find a quick resume here:
    http://www.ingandrearossi.com
    Also the book of Mats Lewan “An impossible invention”.
    Anyway, my mission now is to see the Ecat technology diffused in the world: that’s much more important than my life,
    Wrm Regards,
    A.R.

  • Jeff Smathers

    Andrea,

    I know you are a humble man and have a great love of truth, both in science and of the written word.

    Will you please make a complete biography and description of your life and detail your story to include all of your personal history and life as a young man to a creative adult.?

    History has many ways to corrupt the truth of men who have built or designed amazing things…. Since your device (s) will create
    another revolution (I believe) in science, medicine, engineering and travel, before Artificial Intelligence becomes a crutch for
    mans thinking and creativity foundations. Please give us a wholesome understanding of this Epoch in our history.

    Thank you, and may God bless your family for many generations….

  • Manuel Cilia

    Dear Dr Rossi
    Have you seen any other use cases for the ECAT technology besides energy production. Our company does not only create energy systems but treats water and currently have a system for removing PFAS from ground water and Leachate ponds at waste facilites. I would be a great off shoot benefit if the Ecat technology could be used for other purposes in breaking down toxic chemicals.
    Currently our process using electrokinetics to help breakdown the PFAC molecule which I intend to use the Ecat to help power in the field but there could be a more direct method of using the phyics behind the Ecat to help destroy and maybe convert the PFAS molecule into something safe.

  • Stephen

    Dear Andrea Rossi.

    Thanks for answering my questions. It’s truly remarkable looking back at the development of the QX SK SKL etc with the benefit of hindsight. Ine dat this development path will be considered with the merit it fully deserves.

    Since the QX was capable of producing some electricity from the very beginning it leads to an interesting question that has not occurred to me before.

    Was at least some electrical output needed and necessary from the reactor needed to allow it work correctly? To allow the control system to act with respond to it correctly for example? Even in the case of the original thermal QX and SK device?

    I can imagine for example a signal or resonance like relationship even at the very beginning.

    Or is it also possible for it to work as a heater with only electrical input and no electrical output to the control system?

    either way I suppose that history was the first step to realizing the electrical potential of the.ecat Something that almost emerged naturally from what it is. If so I start to understand your awe with what it is.

    Just a thought inspired by reviewing that history

    Thank and Best Regards
    Stephen

  • LarryG

    Dear Svein

    =========
    July 27, 2025 at 6:08 AM
    To Larry G
    What are the requirements for 12V DC that is connected to an approved inverter for conversion to 120V AC.
    Regards Svein
    ==========
    Wrong recipient? Anyway, sorry I do not have sufficient electronics background to answer your question accurately.
    LarryG

  • Andrea Rossi

    Stephen:
    1- yes
    2- yes
    3- yes
    4a- yes
    4b- no
    Yes, we will make a report also during the first week of August.
    Warm Regards,
    A.R.

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